The rapid development of the information era has led to in-creased power consumption,which generates more heat.This requires more efficient thermal management systems,with the most direct ap-proach being the developme...The rapid development of the information era has led to in-creased power consumption,which generates more heat.This requires more efficient thermal management systems,with the most direct ap-proach being the development of su-perior thermal interface materials(TIMs).Mesocarbon microbeads(MCMBs)have several desirable properties for this purpose,includ-ing high thermal conductivity and excellent thermal stability.Although their thermal conductivity(K)may not be exceptional among all carbon materials,their ease of production and low cost make them ideal filler materials for developing a new generation of carbon-based TIMs.We report the fabrication of high-performance TIMs by incorporating MCMBs in a polyimide(PI)framework,producing highly graphitized PI/MCMB(PM)foams and anisotropic polydimethylsiloxane/PM(PDMS/PM)composites with a high thermal conductivity using directional freezing and high-temperature thermal annealing.The resulting materials had a high through-plane(TP)K of 15.926 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1),4.83 times that of conventional thermally conductive silicone pads and 88.5 times higher than that of pure PDMS.The composites had excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability,meeting the de-mands of modern electronic products for integration,multi-functionality,and miniaturization.展开更多
CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed gra...CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.展开更多
Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for the low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interf...Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for the low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interfacial contact in solid-state electrolytes has hindered the commercialization of SSNBs.Driven by the concept of intimate electrode-electrolyte interface design,this study employs a combination of sodium-potassium(NaK)alloy and carbon nanotubes to prepare a semi-solid NaK(NKC)anode.Unlike traditional Na anodes,the paintable paste-like NKC anode exhibits superior adhesion and interface compatibility with both current collectors and gel electrolytes,significantly enhancing the physical contact of the electrode-electrolyte interface.Additionally,the filling of SiO_(2) nanoparticles improves the wettability of NaK alloy on gel polymer electrolytes,further achieving a conformal interface contact.Consequently,the overpotential of the NKC symmetric cell is markedly lower than that of the Na symmetric cell when subjected to a long cycle of 300 hrs.The full cell coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2) cathodes had an initial discharge capacity of 106.8 mAh·g^(-1) with a capacity retention of 89.61%after 300 cycles,and a high discharge capacity of 88.1 mAh·g^(-1) even at a high rate of 10 C.The outstanding electrochemical performance highlights the promising application potential of the NKC electrode.展开更多
This study investigates the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms of anchoring systems comprising three anisotropic media and two anisotropic interfaces under controlled boundary conditions of co...This study investigates the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms of anchoring systems comprising three anisotropic media and two anisotropic interfaces under controlled boundary conditions of constant normal load(F_(s)),constant normal stiffness(K),and shear rate(v).A systematic analysis of shear mechanical properties,the evolution of maximum principal strain field,and damage characteristics along shear failure surface is presented.Results from direct shear tests demonstrate that initial shear slip diminishes with increasing F_(s)and K,attributed to the normal constraint strengthening effect,while an increase in v enhances initial shear slip due to attenuated deformation coordination and stress transfer.As F_(s)increases from 7.5 to 120 kN,K from 0 to 12 MPa/mm,and v from 0.1 to 2 mm/min,the peak shear load increases by 210.32%and 80.16%with rising F_(s)and K,respectively,while decreases by 38.57%with increasing v.Correspondingly,the shear modulus exhibits,respectively,a 135.29%and 177.06%increase with rising F_(s)and K,and a 37.03%decrease with larger v.Initial shear dilation is identified as marking the formation of shear failure surface along anisotropic interfaces,resulting from the combined shear actions at the resin bolt interface,where resin undergoes shear by bolt surface protrusions,and the resin-rock interface,where mutual shear occurs between resin and rock.With increasing F_(s)and K and decreasing v,the location of the shear failure surface shifts from the resin-rock interface to the resin-bolt interface,accompanied by a transition in failure mode from tensile rupture of resin to shear off at the resin surface.展开更多
The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate tailings.In this study,high-performance geop...The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate tailings.In this study,high-performance geopolymers with compressive strength of 38.8 MPa were prepared by using phosphate tailings as the main raw material,fly ash as the active silicon-aluminum material,and water glass as the alkaline activator.The solid content of phosphate tailings and fly ash was 60%and 40%,respectively,and the water-cement ratio was 0.22.The results of XRD,FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS show that the reactivity of phosphate tailings with alkaline activator is weak,and the silicon-aluminum material can react with alkaline activator to form zeolite and gel,and encapsulate/cover the phosphate tailings to form a dense phosphate tailings-based geopolymer.During the formation of geopolymers,part of the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron replaced the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron,causing the polycondensation reaction between geopolymers and increasing the strength of geopolymers.The leaching toxicity test results show that the geopolymer has a good solid sealing effect on heavy metal ions.The preparation of geopolymer from phosphate tailings is an important way to alleviate the storage pressure and realize the resource utilization of phosphate tailings.展开更多
The stability of the“surrounding rock-backfill”com posite system is crucial for the safety of mining stopes.This study systematically investigates the effects of steel slag(SS)content and interface angle on the stre...The stability of the“surrounding rock-backfill”com posite system is crucial for the safety of mining stopes.This study systematically investigates the effects of steel slag(SS)content and interface angle on the strength and failure characteristics of rock and SS-cemented paste backfill composite specimens(RBCS)through uniaxial compression strength tests(UCS),acoustic emission systems(AE),and 3 D digital image correlation monitoring technology(3 D-DIC).The intrinsic mechanism by which SS content influences the strength of SS-CPB was revealed through an analysis of its hydration reaction degree and microstructural characteristics under varying SS content.Moreover,a theoretical strength model incorporating different interface angles was developed to explore the impact of interface inclination on failure modes and mechanical strength.The main conclusions are as follows:The incorporation of SS enhances the plastic characteristics of RBCS and reduces its brittleness,with the increase of SS content,the stress-strain curve of RBCS in the“staircase-like”stag e becomes smoother;When the interface angle is 45°,the RBCS stress-strain curve exhibits a bimodal feature,and the failure mode changes from Y-shaped fractures to interface and axial splitting;The addition of SS results in a reduction of hydration products such as Ca(OH)_(2) in the backfill cementing system and an increase in harmful pores,which weakens the bonding performance and strength of RBCS,and the SS content should not exceed 45%;As the interface angle increases,the strength of RBCS decreases,and the critical interface slip angle decreases first and then increases with the increase in the E S/E R ratio.This study provides technical references for the large-scale application of SS in mine backfill.展开更多
A study of the interfacial behavior and internal thermal stress distribution in fiber-reinforced composites is essential to assess their performance and reliability.CNT/carbon fiber(CF)hybrid fibers were constructed u...A study of the interfacial behavior and internal thermal stress distribution in fiber-reinforced composites is essential to assess their performance and reliability.CNT/carbon fiber(CF)hybrid fibers were constructed using electrophoretic deposition.The interfacial properties of CF/epoxy and CNT/CF/epoxy composites were statistically investigated and compared using in-situ thermal Raman mapping by dispersing CNTs as a Raman sensing medium(CNT_(R))in a resin.The associated local thermal stress changes can be simulated by capturing the G'band position distribution of CNT_(R) in the epoxy at different temperatures.It was found that the G'band shifted to lower positions with increasing temperature,reaching a maximum difference of 2.43 cm^(−1) at 100℃.The interfacial bonding between CNT/CF and the matrix and the stress distribution and changes during heat treatment(20-100℃)were investig-ated in detail.This work is important for studying thermal stress in fiber-reinforced composites by in-situ thermal Raman mapping technology.展开更多
The interface of slab track laid in cold regions is prone to debonding under the coupling of freeze-thaw cyclesand temperature loads.Based on the composite specimen tests,the parameters of cohesive zone model were obt...The interface of slab track laid in cold regions is prone to debonding under the coupling of freeze-thaw cyclesand temperature loads.Based on the composite specimen tests,the parameters of cohesive zone model were obtained andused in a simulation model of CRTS III prefabricated slab track to study the interlayer damage.The results show that 1)the digital image correlation(DIC)technique can accurately capture the strain field changes on the interface of compositespecimens under splitting and shear loading;2)when the temperature gradient is−40℃/m−60℃/m,the interfacedamage of the slab track is minimal and presents different patterns of expansion under positive and negative temperaturegradients,each corresponding to damage of the cohesive element dominated by shear stress and normal tensile stress,respectively;3)the reduction of the elastic modulus at the concrete base after freeze-thaw inhibits interface damage andleads to a higher starting temperature gradient load,but cracking can occur on the concrete base after 150 freeze-thaws.For this reason,in the light of damage control of both the interface and concrete base,the elastic modulus of the concretebase is 54%or over that without freeze-thaw cycles.展开更多
Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for its low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interf...Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for its low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interfacial contact in solid-state electrolytes has hindered the commercialization of SSNBs.Driven by the concept of intimate electrode-electrolyte interface design,this study employs a combination of NaK alloy and carbon nanotubes to prepare a semi-solid NaK(NKC)anode.Unlike traditional Na anodes,the paintable paste-like NKC anode exhibits superior adhesion and interface compatibility with both current collectors and gel electrolytes,significantly enhancing the intimate contact of electrode-electrolyte interface.Additionally,the filling of SiO_(2)nanoparticles improves the wettability of NaK alloy on gel polymer electrolytes,further achieving a conformal interface contact.Consequently,the overpotential of the NKC symmetric cell is markedly lower than that of the Na symmetric cell when subjected to a long cycle of 300 h.The full cell coupled with Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)cathodes had an initial discharge capacity of 106.8 mAh·g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 89.61%after 300 cycles,and a high discharge capacity of 88.1 mAh·g^(-1)even at a high rate of 10 C.The outstanding electrochemical performance highlights the promising application potential of the NKC electrode.展开更多
Single-entity collisional electrochemistry(SECE)is a branch of single-entity electrochemistry.It can directly characterize entities/particles with single particle resolution through random collisions between particles...Single-entity collisional electrochemistry(SECE)is a branch of single-entity electrochemistry.It can directly characterize entities/particles with single particle resolution through random collisions between particles and electrodes in a solution,and obtain rich physicochemical information,thus becoming one of the frontiers of electroanalytical chemistry in the past two decades.Interestingly,the(micro/nanoscale)sensing electrodes have evolved from a polarizable liquid/liquid(mercury/liquid)interface to a solid/liquid interface and then to a liquid/liquid interface(i.e.,an interface between twoimmiscible electrolyte solutions,ITIES),as if they have completed a cycle(but in fact they have not).ITIES has become the latest sensing electrode in the booming SECE due to its polarizability(up to 1.1 V at the water/a,a,a-trifluorotoluene interface)and high reproducibility.The four measurement modes(direct electrolysis,mediated electrolysis,current blockade,and charge displacement)developed in the realm of SECE at solid/liquid interfaces have also been fully realized at the miniature ITIES.This article will discuss these four modes at the ITIES from the perspectives of basic concepts,operating mechanisms,and latest developments(e.g.,discovery of ionosomes,blockade effect of Faradaic ion transfer,etc.),and look forward to the future development and direction of this emerging field.展开更多
Carbon-based perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention,due to their low cost,simple preparation process and high chemical stability.However,the devices exhibit low photoelectric conversion efficiency,owing ...Carbon-based perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention,due to their low cost,simple preparation process and high chemical stability.However,the devices exhibit low photoelectric conversion efficiency,owing to the presence of defects and interface impedance between the perovskite active layer and the contact interface.In order to minimize the interfacial defects and improve the charge transfer performance between the perovskite layer and the contact interface,cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(CTAC)was introduced into the lower interface of HTL-free carbon-based perovskite solar cells,because CTAC can be used as interface modification material to passivate the buried interface of perovskite and promote grain growth.It was found that CTAC can not only passivate the interface defects of perovskite,but also improve the crystalline quality of perovskite.As a result,the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of reaches 17.18%,which is 12.5%higher than that of the control group.After 20 days in air with 60%RH humidity,the cell can still maintain more than 90%of the initial efficiency,which provides a new strategy for interfacial passivation of perovskite solar cells.展开更多
文摘The rapid development of the information era has led to in-creased power consumption,which generates more heat.This requires more efficient thermal management systems,with the most direct ap-proach being the development of su-perior thermal interface materials(TIMs).Mesocarbon microbeads(MCMBs)have several desirable properties for this purpose,includ-ing high thermal conductivity and excellent thermal stability.Although their thermal conductivity(K)may not be exceptional among all carbon materials,their ease of production and low cost make them ideal filler materials for developing a new generation of carbon-based TIMs.We report the fabrication of high-performance TIMs by incorporating MCMBs in a polyimide(PI)framework,producing highly graphitized PI/MCMB(PM)foams and anisotropic polydimethylsiloxane/PM(PDMS/PM)composites with a high thermal conductivity using directional freezing and high-temperature thermal annealing.The resulting materials had a high through-plane(TP)K of 15.926 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1),4.83 times that of conventional thermally conductive silicone pads and 88.5 times higher than that of pure PDMS.The composites had excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability,meeting the de-mands of modern electronic products for integration,multi-functionality,and miniaturization.
文摘CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52073253)。
文摘Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for the low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interfacial contact in solid-state electrolytes has hindered the commercialization of SSNBs.Driven by the concept of intimate electrode-electrolyte interface design,this study employs a combination of sodium-potassium(NaK)alloy and carbon nanotubes to prepare a semi-solid NaK(NKC)anode.Unlike traditional Na anodes,the paintable paste-like NKC anode exhibits superior adhesion and interface compatibility with both current collectors and gel electrolytes,significantly enhancing the physical contact of the electrode-electrolyte interface.Additionally,the filling of SiO_(2) nanoparticles improves the wettability of NaK alloy on gel polymer electrolytes,further achieving a conformal interface contact.Consequently,the overpotential of the NKC symmetric cell is markedly lower than that of the Na symmetric cell when subjected to a long cycle of 300 hrs.The full cell coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2) cathodes had an initial discharge capacity of 106.8 mAh·g^(-1) with a capacity retention of 89.61%after 300 cycles,and a high discharge capacity of 88.1 mAh·g^(-1) even at a high rate of 10 C.The outstanding electrochemical performance highlights the promising application potential of the NKC electrode.
基金Projects(52174092,42472338,51904290)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BK20220157)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(2022YCPY0202)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘This study investigates the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms of anchoring systems comprising three anisotropic media and two anisotropic interfaces under controlled boundary conditions of constant normal load(F_(s)),constant normal stiffness(K),and shear rate(v).A systematic analysis of shear mechanical properties,the evolution of maximum principal strain field,and damage characteristics along shear failure surface is presented.Results from direct shear tests demonstrate that initial shear slip diminishes with increasing F_(s)and K,attributed to the normal constraint strengthening effect,while an increase in v enhances initial shear slip due to attenuated deformation coordination and stress transfer.As F_(s)increases from 7.5 to 120 kN,K from 0 to 12 MPa/mm,and v from 0.1 to 2 mm/min,the peak shear load increases by 210.32%and 80.16%with rising F_(s)and K,respectively,while decreases by 38.57%with increasing v.Correspondingly,the shear modulus exhibits,respectively,a 135.29%and 177.06%increase with rising F_(s)and K,and a 37.03%decrease with larger v.Initial shear dilation is identified as marking the formation of shear failure surface along anisotropic interfaces,resulting from the combined shear actions at the resin bolt interface,where resin undergoes shear by bolt surface protrusions,and the resin-rock interface,where mutual shear occurs between resin and rock.With increasing F_(s)and K and decreasing v,the location of the shear failure surface shifts from the resin-rock interface to the resin-bolt interface,accompanied by a transition in failure mode from tensile rupture of resin to shear off at the resin surface.
基金Project(202202AG050010)supported by the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects,ChinaProject(202103AA080007)supported by the Key R&D Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province,ChinaProject(NECP2023-06)supported by the Open Project Fund of National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Development&Utilization of Phosphorous Resources,China。
文摘The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate tailings.In this study,high-performance geopolymers with compressive strength of 38.8 MPa were prepared by using phosphate tailings as the main raw material,fly ash as the active silicon-aluminum material,and water glass as the alkaline activator.The solid content of phosphate tailings and fly ash was 60%and 40%,respectively,and the water-cement ratio was 0.22.The results of XRD,FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS show that the reactivity of phosphate tailings with alkaline activator is weak,and the silicon-aluminum material can react with alkaline activator to form zeolite and gel,and encapsulate/cover the phosphate tailings to form a dense phosphate tailings-based geopolymer.During the formation of geopolymers,part of the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron replaced the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron,causing the polycondensation reaction between geopolymers and increasing the strength of geopolymers.The leaching toxicity test results show that the geopolymer has a good solid sealing effect on heavy metal ions.The preparation of geopolymer from phosphate tailings is an important way to alleviate the storage pressure and realize the resource utilization of phosphate tailings.
基金Project(52308316)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Project(BBJ2024088)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(PhD.Top Innovative Talents Fund of CUMTB),China。
文摘The stability of the“surrounding rock-backfill”com posite system is crucial for the safety of mining stopes.This study systematically investigates the effects of steel slag(SS)content and interface angle on the strength and failure characteristics of rock and SS-cemented paste backfill composite specimens(RBCS)through uniaxial compression strength tests(UCS),acoustic emission systems(AE),and 3 D digital image correlation monitoring technology(3 D-DIC).The intrinsic mechanism by which SS content influences the strength of SS-CPB was revealed through an analysis of its hydration reaction degree and microstructural characteristics under varying SS content.Moreover,a theoretical strength model incorporating different interface angles was developed to explore the impact of interface inclination on failure modes and mechanical strength.The main conclusions are as follows:The incorporation of SS enhances the plastic characteristics of RBCS and reduces its brittleness,with the increase of SS content,the stress-strain curve of RBCS in the“staircase-like”stag e becomes smoother;When the interface angle is 45°,the RBCS stress-strain curve exhibits a bimodal feature,and the failure mode changes from Y-shaped fractures to interface and axial splitting;The addition of SS results in a reduction of hydration products such as Ca(OH)_(2) in the backfill cementing system and an increase in harmful pores,which weakens the bonding performance and strength of RBCS,and the SS content should not exceed 45%;As the interface angle increases,the strength of RBCS decreases,and the critical interface slip angle decreases first and then increases with the increase in the E S/E R ratio.This study provides technical references for the large-scale application of SS in mine backfill.
文摘A study of the interfacial behavior and internal thermal stress distribution in fiber-reinforced composites is essential to assess their performance and reliability.CNT/carbon fiber(CF)hybrid fibers were constructed using electrophoretic deposition.The interfacial properties of CF/epoxy and CNT/CF/epoxy composites were statistically investigated and compared using in-situ thermal Raman mapping by dispersing CNTs as a Raman sensing medium(CNT_(R))in a resin.The associated local thermal stress changes can be simulated by capturing the G'band position distribution of CNT_(R) in the epoxy at different temperatures.It was found that the G'band shifted to lower positions with increasing temperature,reaching a maximum difference of 2.43 cm^(−1) at 100℃.The interfacial bonding between CNT/CF and the matrix and the stress distribution and changes during heat treatment(20-100℃)were investig-ated in detail.This work is important for studying thermal stress in fiber-reinforced composites by in-situ thermal Raman mapping technology.
基金Project(52425213)supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of ChinaProjects(52278461,52308467)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Projects(2021YFF0502100,2021YFB2600900)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(2022JDTD0015)supported by the Sichuan Province Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team,China。
文摘The interface of slab track laid in cold regions is prone to debonding under the coupling of freeze-thaw cyclesand temperature loads.Based on the composite specimen tests,the parameters of cohesive zone model were obtained andused in a simulation model of CRTS III prefabricated slab track to study the interlayer damage.The results show that 1)the digital image correlation(DIC)technique can accurately capture the strain field changes on the interface of compositespecimens under splitting and shear loading;2)when the temperature gradient is−40℃/m−60℃/m,the interfacedamage of the slab track is minimal and presents different patterns of expansion under positive and negative temperaturegradients,each corresponding to damage of the cohesive element dominated by shear stress and normal tensile stress,respectively;3)the reduction of the elastic modulus at the concrete base after freeze-thaw inhibits interface damage andleads to a higher starting temperature gradient load,but cracking can occur on the concrete base after 150 freeze-thaws.For this reason,in the light of damage control of both the interface and concrete base,the elastic modulus of the concretebase is 54%or over that without freeze-thaw cycles.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073253)。
文摘Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for its low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interfacial contact in solid-state electrolytes has hindered the commercialization of SSNBs.Driven by the concept of intimate electrode-electrolyte interface design,this study employs a combination of NaK alloy and carbon nanotubes to prepare a semi-solid NaK(NKC)anode.Unlike traditional Na anodes,the paintable paste-like NKC anode exhibits superior adhesion and interface compatibility with both current collectors and gel electrolytes,significantly enhancing the intimate contact of electrode-electrolyte interface.Additionally,the filling of SiO_(2)nanoparticles improves the wettability of NaK alloy on gel polymer electrolytes,further achieving a conformal interface contact.Consequently,the overpotential of the NKC symmetric cell is markedly lower than that of the Na symmetric cell when subjected to a long cycle of 300 h.The full cell coupled with Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)cathodes had an initial discharge capacity of 106.8 mAh·g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 89.61%after 300 cycles,and a high discharge capacity of 88.1 mAh·g^(-1)even at a high rate of 10 C.The outstanding electrochemical performance highlights the promising application potential of the NKC electrode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21904143).
文摘Single-entity collisional electrochemistry(SECE)is a branch of single-entity electrochemistry.It can directly characterize entities/particles with single particle resolution through random collisions between particles and electrodes in a solution,and obtain rich physicochemical information,thus becoming one of the frontiers of electroanalytical chemistry in the past two decades.Interestingly,the(micro/nanoscale)sensing electrodes have evolved from a polarizable liquid/liquid(mercury/liquid)interface to a solid/liquid interface and then to a liquid/liquid interface(i.e.,an interface between twoimmiscible electrolyte solutions,ITIES),as if they have completed a cycle(but in fact they have not).ITIES has become the latest sensing electrode in the booming SECE due to its polarizability(up to 1.1 V at the water/a,a,a-trifluorotoluene interface)and high reproducibility.The four measurement modes(direct electrolysis,mediated electrolysis,current blockade,and charge displacement)developed in the realm of SECE at solid/liquid interfaces have also been fully realized at the miniature ITIES.This article will discuss these four modes at the ITIES from the perspectives of basic concepts,operating mechanisms,and latest developments(e.g.,discovery of ionosomes,blockade effect of Faradaic ion transfer,etc.),and look forward to the future development and direction of this emerging field.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52162028)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20232ACB204011,20224BAB204001)+3 种基金Education Department of Jiangxi Province (GJJ2201001)Jingdezhen Municipal Science and Technology Bureau (2023GY001-16,2023ZDGG001 and 20224SF005-08)Opening Project of National Engineering Research Center for Domestic&Building Ceramics (GCZX2301)State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing in Tsinghua University (KF202309,KF202414)。
文摘Carbon-based perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention,due to their low cost,simple preparation process and high chemical stability.However,the devices exhibit low photoelectric conversion efficiency,owing to the presence of defects and interface impedance between the perovskite active layer and the contact interface.In order to minimize the interfacial defects and improve the charge transfer performance between the perovskite layer and the contact interface,cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(CTAC)was introduced into the lower interface of HTL-free carbon-based perovskite solar cells,because CTAC can be used as interface modification material to passivate the buried interface of perovskite and promote grain growth.It was found that CTAC can not only passivate the interface defects of perovskite,but also improve the crystalline quality of perovskite.As a result,the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of reaches 17.18%,which is 12.5%higher than that of the control group.After 20 days in air with 60%RH humidity,the cell can still maintain more than 90%of the initial efficiency,which provides a new strategy for interfacial passivation of perovskite solar cells.
