目的探讨从杜仲皮中提取出的生物活性化合物5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)通过肠道菌群调控骨质疏松的作用机制。方法将24只8周龄雌性SD小鼠随机分为4组,其中18只小鼠建立双侧去卵巢骨质疏松模型后,将其随机分为去卵巢组(OVX组)、5-HMF给药组(5-...目的探讨从杜仲皮中提取出的生物活性化合物5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)通过肠道菌群调控骨质疏松的作用机制。方法将24只8周龄雌性SD小鼠随机分为4组,其中18只小鼠建立双侧去卵巢骨质疏松模型后,将其随机分为去卵巢组(OVX组)、5-HMF给药组(5-HMF组)和戊酸雌二醇给药组(Positive组);6只小鼠建立假手术组(Sham)组。将上述小鼠连续灌胃给药12周后,收集小鼠股骨和新鲜粪便。Micro-CT分析小鼠股骨骨量的变化;ELISA分析小鼠血清P1NP、E_(2)、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-17水平;16 S rDNA高通量测序检测小鼠粪便中肠道菌群变化情况。结果与Sham组比较,OVX组小鼠的股骨骨密度显著下降(P<0.01),血清P1NP和E_(2)水平显著下降(P<0.001),血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-17水平显著上升(P<0.01),肠道菌群多样性显著增加(P<0.01),菌群结构也发生了显著变化;与OVX组相比,5-HMF组小鼠股骨骨密度显著升高(P<0.05),血清P1NP和E_(2)水平显著上升(P<0.01),血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-17水平显著下降(P<0.01),门水平上Bacteroidota菌群相对丰度升高,Firmicutes和Desulfobacterota菌群相对丰度显著下降,Firmicutes/Bacteroidota的相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05);属水平上Muribaculaceae和Alloprevotella的相对丰度升高,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group的相对丰度降低。结论5-HMF显著改善了去卵巢骨质疏松模型小鼠的骨密度、血清骨转换标志物和相关炎症因子水平,这可能与其调节小鼠肠道菌群结构相关。展开更多
食品加工过程中的美拉德反应有助于形成一些热诱导毒性产物,包括晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF)。食源性AGEs在体内的积累和循环与糖尿病并发症的发生有关,...食品加工过程中的美拉德反应有助于形成一些热诱导毒性产物,包括晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF)。食源性AGEs在体内的积累和循环与糖尿病并发症的发生有关,同时可能诱发氧化应激、炎症和动脉粥样硬化。5-HMF的代谢物5-磺基氧甲基糠醛(5-sulfooxymethylfurfural,5-SMF)有潜在基因毒性和致癌性。如何控制热加工食品中这些危害物的形成已成为食品行业的关注焦点。本文从美拉德反应和焦糖化反应两条途径探究了AGEs和5-HMF的形成机理,并对近5年二者的检测方法进行了综述,阐述了各类方法的优缺点,以期为建立二者的通用检测方法奠定基础。在此基础上,从削减前体物质的供给、阻断中间体的转化,以及去除已经生成的AGEs和5-HMF这3个方面着手,综述了近年来相应所采用的抑制策略,以期为AGEs和5-HMF在食品中的控制及热加工食品质量与安全管理提供理论依据。展开更多
将纤维素溶解在ZnCl_2溶液中,以SnCl_4为催化剂,微波下使纤维素降解成5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)。实验考察了微波功率、纤维素的质量、ZnCl_2溶液浓度、反应时间及催化剂与纤维素物质的量比等对5-HMF产率的影响。结果表明,以SnCl_4为催化剂,...将纤维素溶解在ZnCl_2溶液中,以SnCl_4为催化剂,微波下使纤维素降解成5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)。实验考察了微波功率、纤维素的质量、ZnCl_2溶液浓度、反应时间及催化剂与纤维素物质的量比等对5-HMF产率的影响。结果表明,以SnCl_4为催化剂,在优化条件:1.0 g纤维素溶解在100 m L 70%ZnCl_2溶液中,微波功率为420 W,降解反应9 min,SnCl_4与纤维素物质的量比2∶1下,5-HMF的产率达到39.4%。展开更多
With the aim of achieving a high 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)yield from glucose with H-ZSM-5 catalyst at low cost,three inexpensive biphasic reaction systems,H2O?tetrahydrofuran(THF),H2O?2-methyltetrahydrofuran(MeTHF)...With the aim of achieving a high 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)yield from glucose with H-ZSM-5 catalyst at low cost,three inexpensive biphasic reaction systems,H2O?tetrahydrofuran(THF),H2O?2-methyltetrahydrofuran(MeTHF)and H2O?2-butanol,were discovered and proved to be particularly effective in promoting the formation of HMF from glucose over H-ZSM-5 zeolite.In order to determine the optimal process conditions,the effects of various experimental variables,such as reaction temperature,reaction time,catalyst dosage,volume of organic solvent,as well as inorganic salt type on glucose conversion to HMF in three systems were investigated in detail.It was found that under optimal reaction conditions,H2O?THF,H2O?2-butanol and H2O?MeTHF allowed the glucose dehydration process to achieve HMF yields of up to 61%,59%,and 50%,respectively.Moreover,in the three biphasic systems,the H-ZSM-5 catalyst was also demonstrated to maintain excellent stability.Thus,the catalytic approach proposed in this paper can be believed to have potential prospects for industrially efficient and low-cost production of HMF.展开更多
文摘目的探讨从杜仲皮中提取出的生物活性化合物5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)通过肠道菌群调控骨质疏松的作用机制。方法将24只8周龄雌性SD小鼠随机分为4组,其中18只小鼠建立双侧去卵巢骨质疏松模型后,将其随机分为去卵巢组(OVX组)、5-HMF给药组(5-HMF组)和戊酸雌二醇给药组(Positive组);6只小鼠建立假手术组(Sham)组。将上述小鼠连续灌胃给药12周后,收集小鼠股骨和新鲜粪便。Micro-CT分析小鼠股骨骨量的变化;ELISA分析小鼠血清P1NP、E_(2)、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-17水平;16 S rDNA高通量测序检测小鼠粪便中肠道菌群变化情况。结果与Sham组比较,OVX组小鼠的股骨骨密度显著下降(P<0.01),血清P1NP和E_(2)水平显著下降(P<0.001),血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-17水平显著上升(P<0.01),肠道菌群多样性显著增加(P<0.01),菌群结构也发生了显著变化;与OVX组相比,5-HMF组小鼠股骨骨密度显著升高(P<0.05),血清P1NP和E_(2)水平显著上升(P<0.01),血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-17水平显著下降(P<0.01),门水平上Bacteroidota菌群相对丰度升高,Firmicutes和Desulfobacterota菌群相对丰度显著下降,Firmicutes/Bacteroidota的相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05);属水平上Muribaculaceae和Alloprevotella的相对丰度升高,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group的相对丰度降低。结论5-HMF显著改善了去卵巢骨质疏松模型小鼠的骨密度、血清骨转换标志物和相关炎症因子水平,这可能与其调节小鼠肠道菌群结构相关。
文摘食品加工过程中的美拉德反应有助于形成一些热诱导毒性产物,包括晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF)。食源性AGEs在体内的积累和循环与糖尿病并发症的发生有关,同时可能诱发氧化应激、炎症和动脉粥样硬化。5-HMF的代谢物5-磺基氧甲基糠醛(5-sulfooxymethylfurfural,5-SMF)有潜在基因毒性和致癌性。如何控制热加工食品中这些危害物的形成已成为食品行业的关注焦点。本文从美拉德反应和焦糖化反应两条途径探究了AGEs和5-HMF的形成机理,并对近5年二者的检测方法进行了综述,阐述了各类方法的优缺点,以期为建立二者的通用检测方法奠定基础。在此基础上,从削减前体物质的供给、阻断中间体的转化,以及去除已经生成的AGEs和5-HMF这3个方面着手,综述了近年来相应所采用的抑制策略,以期为AGEs和5-HMF在食品中的控制及热加工食品质量与安全管理提供理论依据。
文摘将纤维素溶解在ZnCl_2溶液中,以SnCl_4为催化剂,微波下使纤维素降解成5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)。实验考察了微波功率、纤维素的质量、ZnCl_2溶液浓度、反应时间及催化剂与纤维素物质的量比等对5-HMF产率的影响。结果表明,以SnCl_4为催化剂,在优化条件:1.0 g纤维素溶解在100 m L 70%ZnCl_2溶液中,微波功率为420 W,降解反应9 min,SnCl_4与纤维素物质的量比2∶1下,5-HMF的产率达到39.4%。
基金Project(3207049713)supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University,China
文摘With the aim of achieving a high 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)yield from glucose with H-ZSM-5 catalyst at low cost,three inexpensive biphasic reaction systems,H2O?tetrahydrofuran(THF),H2O?2-methyltetrahydrofuran(MeTHF)and H2O?2-butanol,were discovered and proved to be particularly effective in promoting the formation of HMF from glucose over H-ZSM-5 zeolite.In order to determine the optimal process conditions,the effects of various experimental variables,such as reaction temperature,reaction time,catalyst dosage,volume of organic solvent,as well as inorganic salt type on glucose conversion to HMF in three systems were investigated in detail.It was found that under optimal reaction conditions,H2O?THF,H2O?2-butanol and H2O?MeTHF allowed the glucose dehydration process to achieve HMF yields of up to 61%,59%,and 50%,respectively.Moreover,in the three biphasic systems,the H-ZSM-5 catalyst was also demonstrated to maintain excellent stability.Thus,the catalytic approach proposed in this paper can be believed to have potential prospects for industrially efficient and low-cost production of HMF.
