Semiotics is the meta-science of researching the general theories of symbols.Design is the result of the production practice of the human society,and what are designed is to meet the first demand of the human society ...Semiotics is the meta-science of researching the general theories of symbols.Design is the result of the production practice of the human society,and what are designed is to meet the first demand of the human society and is the most important cultural creation;i.e.,the material cultural creation.All the cultural phenom ena are symbol phenomena,so the design phenomenon is also a kind of symbol phenomenon.The ecological aesthetics is a new aesthetic form,studying ecology itself,and it develops from the ecological aesthetic standard.This paper attempts to illustrate the relation of the two fields and find out how to realize sustainable development with the lead of the social values and the mainstream culture.展开更多
The Law of Soil and Water Conservation entitles the administrations of water resources at various level to monitor ecological environment and to proclaim status of soil erosion periodically.Monitoring units of soil an...The Law of Soil and Water Conservation entitles the administrations of water resources at various level to monitor ecological environment and to proclaim status of soil erosion periodically.Monitoring units of soil and water conservation approved by local governments are obliged to undertake this work.How to develop a monitoring program needs an overall and long-term concept.Particularity and objectives of ecological environment monitoring was discussed. Monitoring at provincial level may be divided into two levels:province-wide and at project level. Those indicators meaningful,sensitive to any disturbances,and simple to measure may be selected to test status of ecosystem stability and health.It makes sense to have an integrated sampling design,to set up permanent observation plots and to collect data, so that to have a relative timely,accurate understanding of ecosystems in the province.A program regarding sampling design,field methods, data analysis,documentation and implementation was detailed.展开更多
在加快推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理的背景下,河长制和林长制是新时代中国特色生态文明制度的典型探索。既有研究关注到河长制和林长制的相互联系,但是整体考虑两者制度差异及其机理的研究还很鲜见。该研究基于制度分析与发...在加快推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理的背景下,河长制和林长制是新时代中国特色生态文明制度的典型探索。既有研究关注到河长制和林长制的相互联系,但是整体考虑两者制度差异及其机理的研究还很鲜见。该研究基于制度分析与发展(institutional analysis and development,IAD)框架对河长制与林长制进行系统的比较制度分析,以揭示相似制度安排在不同治理情境下的差异化产出,为理解中国生态文明治理体系的系统性、整体性和协同性提供理论透视。比较制度分析结果表明:河长制与林长制解决了规则供给、规则执行和规则维护三个维度的制度问题,建立了有效的自然资源治理机制。国家生态环境压力、河湖林草资源固有特征和国家行政体制共同构成了河长制与林长制的系统环境。在塑造因素方面,相比水资源,森林资源在自然物质属性方面具有固定性、属地性和长周期性;在经济社会特征方面,林长制治理对象更加多元,区域差异和监测难度更大;在通用制度规则方面,林长制产权结构更加复杂。河长制与林长制表现出制度运行的差异和制度融合的趋势。相比河长制,林长制在政府层级间考核难度较大,在部门间资源依赖性较高,在区域间协同需求较少,在政府-企业-公民间协同动力较强。比较制度分析的结果展现了制度外部系统环境、影响因素与治理主体行为选择之间的互动关系,为理解和完善中国情境下的制度设计提供了理论启示和政策建议。展开更多
文摘Semiotics is the meta-science of researching the general theories of symbols.Design is the result of the production practice of the human society,and what are designed is to meet the first demand of the human society and is the most important cultural creation;i.e.,the material cultural creation.All the cultural phenom ena are symbol phenomena,so the design phenomenon is also a kind of symbol phenomenon.The ecological aesthetics is a new aesthetic form,studying ecology itself,and it develops from the ecological aesthetic standard.This paper attempts to illustrate the relation of the two fields and find out how to realize sustainable development with the lead of the social values and the mainstream culture.
基金the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese ScholarsState Education Ministry"Response ofForest Regeneration in Alpine Region to Global Climate Change"( 2 0 0 2 -2 0 0 4) Shaanxi Provincial Foreign Expert Bu-reau"Trial on Vegetation Rehabilitation in Degraded Mountain Ecosystem"( 2 0 0 2 -2 0 0 3 )
文摘The Law of Soil and Water Conservation entitles the administrations of water resources at various level to monitor ecological environment and to proclaim status of soil erosion periodically.Monitoring units of soil and water conservation approved by local governments are obliged to undertake this work.How to develop a monitoring program needs an overall and long-term concept.Particularity and objectives of ecological environment monitoring was discussed. Monitoring at provincial level may be divided into two levels:province-wide and at project level. Those indicators meaningful,sensitive to any disturbances,and simple to measure may be selected to test status of ecosystem stability and health.It makes sense to have an integrated sampling design,to set up permanent observation plots and to collect data, so that to have a relative timely,accurate understanding of ecosystems in the province.A program regarding sampling design,field methods, data analysis,documentation and implementation was detailed.
文摘在加快推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理的背景下,河长制和林长制是新时代中国特色生态文明制度的典型探索。既有研究关注到河长制和林长制的相互联系,但是整体考虑两者制度差异及其机理的研究还很鲜见。该研究基于制度分析与发展(institutional analysis and development,IAD)框架对河长制与林长制进行系统的比较制度分析,以揭示相似制度安排在不同治理情境下的差异化产出,为理解中国生态文明治理体系的系统性、整体性和协同性提供理论透视。比较制度分析结果表明:河长制与林长制解决了规则供给、规则执行和规则维护三个维度的制度问题,建立了有效的自然资源治理机制。国家生态环境压力、河湖林草资源固有特征和国家行政体制共同构成了河长制与林长制的系统环境。在塑造因素方面,相比水资源,森林资源在自然物质属性方面具有固定性、属地性和长周期性;在经济社会特征方面,林长制治理对象更加多元,区域差异和监测难度更大;在通用制度规则方面,林长制产权结构更加复杂。河长制与林长制表现出制度运行的差异和制度融合的趋势。相比河长制,林长制在政府层级间考核难度较大,在部门间资源依赖性较高,在区域间协同需求较少,在政府-企业-公民间协同动力较强。比较制度分析的结果展现了制度外部系统环境、影响因素与治理主体行为选择之间的互动关系,为理解和完善中国情境下的制度设计提供了理论启示和政策建议。