International aid,always concerned as the Western aid,has been in decades' development after the Second World War.From the Post-colonial time to the era of globalisation,from Washington Consensus to the Post-Washi...International aid,always concerned as the Western aid,has been in decades' development after the Second World War.From the Post-colonial time to the era of globalisation,from Washington Consensus to the Post-Washington Consensus,there are various aid discourses,motives and the intervention logics.This paper explores the Western aid through a critical review to the history and the contemporary development of "aid".It argues,despite these changes,the fundamental logic of aid,the logic of "catching up",has not been changed.The related economic and political interventions,such as the aid conditionalities,are all working for this logic,and have caused a lot of criticisms.Aid has not been very successful within the changing agendas.While the foreign aid is moving from intervention to cooperation,to make a more effective "aid",the traditional donors may learn lessons from the South-South relations.展开更多
测试数据自动生成方法是软件测试领域研究的热点。基于遗传算法的启发式搜索算法是一种路径覆盖生成测试数据的方法。文中提出了一种基于自适应随机测试(Adaptive Random Testing,ART)算法更新种群的方法,将ART融入遗传算法,优化选择操...测试数据自动生成方法是软件测试领域研究的热点。基于遗传算法的启发式搜索算法是一种路径覆盖生成测试数据的方法。文中提出了一种基于自适应随机测试(Adaptive Random Testing,ART)算法更新种群的方法,将ART融入遗传算法,优化选择操作,动态更新种群,从而增加种群进化过程中的个体多样性,提高了收敛速度,有效地减少了陷入局部最优。实验结果显示,与传统遗传算法生成测试数据的方法相比,改进的算法明显提高了路径覆盖率,减少了种群平均进化代数。展开更多
文摘International aid,always concerned as the Western aid,has been in decades' development after the Second World War.From the Post-colonial time to the era of globalisation,from Washington Consensus to the Post-Washington Consensus,there are various aid discourses,motives and the intervention logics.This paper explores the Western aid through a critical review to the history and the contemporary development of "aid".It argues,despite these changes,the fundamental logic of aid,the logic of "catching up",has not been changed.The related economic and political interventions,such as the aid conditionalities,are all working for this logic,and have caused a lot of criticisms.Aid has not been very successful within the changing agendas.While the foreign aid is moving from intervention to cooperation,to make a more effective "aid",the traditional donors may learn lessons from the South-South relations.
文摘测试数据自动生成方法是软件测试领域研究的热点。基于遗传算法的启发式搜索算法是一种路径覆盖生成测试数据的方法。文中提出了一种基于自适应随机测试(Adaptive Random Testing,ART)算法更新种群的方法,将ART融入遗传算法,优化选择操作,动态更新种群,从而增加种群进化过程中的个体多样性,提高了收敛速度,有效地减少了陷入局部最优。实验结果显示,与传统遗传算法生成测试数据的方法相比,改进的算法明显提高了路径覆盖率,减少了种群平均进化代数。
