This article describes the characteristics of natural dusts, artificial dusts and industrial dusts, such as mineral phases, chemical components, morphological observation and size. Quartz and calcite are the main phas...This article describes the characteristics of natural dusts, artificial dusts and industrial dusts, such as mineral phases, chemical components, morphological observation and size. Quartz and calcite are the main phases of natural dusts and industrial dusts with high SiO2, CaO and low K2O, Na2O on the chemical composition. Natural dusts are mainly irregular shaped and some particle aggregation made of small dusts on the surface of large dust. Industrial dusts are globular and blob-like, but artificial dusts are columnar and fibrous. The fine particles are mainly in the range of 0.3-5 μm,of which the dusts of less than 5 μm are over 99%.The dissolution and electrochemical action of dusts in glutamic acid liquor at the simulated human body temperature (37 ℃) in 32 hours were investigated. The changes of pH values and electric conductivity of those dusts were similar, increased slowly in first 8 hours, and then the pH values increased rapidly. The total amount of dissolved ions of K, Ca, Na, Mg was 35.4-429 mg/L, particularly Ca was maximal of 20-334 mg/L. The total amount of dissolved ions of Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ba was 0.18-5.59 ppm and the Al, Si was 3.0-21.7 mg/L. Each element dissolved rapidly relatively in first 16 hours. The relative solubility order of dusts in glutamic acid are: wollastonite > serpentine > sepiolite, the cement plant industrial dusts > power plant industrial dusts, and natural dusts have similar solubility. The wollastonite and power plant industrial dusts have highest solubility, which have high content of CaO; this shows there are a poorer corrosion-resisting ability and lower bio-resistibility. Sepiolite and cement plant industrial dusts have lowest solubility, which have high content of SiO2; this shows there are a higher corrosion-resisting ability and stronger bio-resistibility.展开更多
探究聚-γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)对水稻产量、品质和养分吸收的影响,为高产优质、养分高效利用的水稻栽培技术提供理论依据和技术参考。于2022年和2023年在湖北省武穴市花桥镇开展田间试验,采用随机完全区组设计,包括黑籼稻(B)、冈特优8024(R...探究聚-γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)对水稻产量、品质和养分吸收的影响,为高产优质、养分高效利用的水稻栽培技术提供理论依据和技术参考。于2022年和2023年在湖北省武穴市花桥镇开展田间试验,采用随机完全区组设计,包括黑籼稻(B)、冈特优8024(R)和黄华占(H)3个水稻品种,和不施加γ-PGA发酵液(P0)和施加25 kg hm^(-2)γ-PGA发酵液(P1)2种γ-PGA处理方式,分析了水稻干物质量、植株氮磷素积累量、产量、稻米外观品质、籽粒蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量。结果表明,2022年施加γ-PGA对水稻产量影响显著,P1处理较P0水稻产量增加3.2%~10.8%;2023年施加γ-PGA对水稻产量无显著影响。施加γ-PGA的品种B和R的干物质量显著高于不施γ-PGA处理,BP1处理较BP0齐穗期干物质量显著增加7.5%~8.5%,成熟期干物质量显著增加5.9%~7.2%;RP1处理较RP0齐穗期干物质量显著增加8.5%~8.8%,成熟期干物质量显著增加3.3%~3.5%。施加γ-PGA对品种H的干物质量无显著影响。施加γ-PGA能显著提高水稻的氮素和磷素积累量,P1处理较P0齐穗期氮素积累量显著增加12.5%~19.0%,磷素积累量显著增加13.4%~20.3%;成熟期氮素积累量显著增加7.2%~16.5%,磷素积累量显著增加9.2%~29.0%。施用γ-PGA能显著提高稻米直链淀粉和蛋白质含量,降低胶稠度、垩白度,但对粒长、粒宽、碱消值无显著影响。因此,施用γ-PGA显著提高水稻植株干物质量和氮、磷素积累量,改善稻米品质。展开更多
探究聚-γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)对直播稻抗倒伏性、产量和品质的影响,为高产优质的水稻栽培技术提供理论依据和技术参考。于2022和2023年在湖北省武穴市花桥镇开展田间试验,采用双因素裂区设计,以直播方式水直播(W)和旱直播(D)为主区,不施加...探究聚-γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)对直播稻抗倒伏性、产量和品质的影响,为高产优质的水稻栽培技术提供理论依据和技术参考。于2022和2023年在湖北省武穴市花桥镇开展田间试验,采用双因素裂区设计,以直播方式水直播(W)和旱直播(D)为主区,不施加γ-PGA发酵液(P0)和施加25 kg hm–2γ-PGA发酵液(P1)为副区,共4个处理,对水稻抗倒伏能力相关指标、产量、稻米品质进行测定。结果表明,施加γ-PGA能分别使水、旱直播下水稻第一基节茎粗增加10.3%~10.6%和7.5%~13.3%,第二基节茎粗增加10.5%~11.8%和8.2%~17.5%,茎秆壁厚增加23.7%~27.9%和12.5%~22.0%,抗折能力提高37.3%~52.7%和50.8%~54.5%,弯曲力矩提高3.8%~7.6%和4.1%~5.9%,折断弯矩提高37.3%~52.7%和50.8%~54.5%,倒伏指数降低21.9%~29.1%和30.2%~32.2%。施加γ-PGA能改变水稻的茎秆强度,提高产量和稻米品质。展开更多
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Fundation of China (No. 41130746).
文摘This article describes the characteristics of natural dusts, artificial dusts and industrial dusts, such as mineral phases, chemical components, morphological observation and size. Quartz and calcite are the main phases of natural dusts and industrial dusts with high SiO2, CaO and low K2O, Na2O on the chemical composition. Natural dusts are mainly irregular shaped and some particle aggregation made of small dusts on the surface of large dust. Industrial dusts are globular and blob-like, but artificial dusts are columnar and fibrous. The fine particles are mainly in the range of 0.3-5 μm,of which the dusts of less than 5 μm are over 99%.The dissolution and electrochemical action of dusts in glutamic acid liquor at the simulated human body temperature (37 ℃) in 32 hours were investigated. The changes of pH values and electric conductivity of those dusts were similar, increased slowly in first 8 hours, and then the pH values increased rapidly. The total amount of dissolved ions of K, Ca, Na, Mg was 35.4-429 mg/L, particularly Ca was maximal of 20-334 mg/L. The total amount of dissolved ions of Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ba was 0.18-5.59 ppm and the Al, Si was 3.0-21.7 mg/L. Each element dissolved rapidly relatively in first 16 hours. The relative solubility order of dusts in glutamic acid are: wollastonite > serpentine > sepiolite, the cement plant industrial dusts > power plant industrial dusts, and natural dusts have similar solubility. The wollastonite and power plant industrial dusts have highest solubility, which have high content of CaO; this shows there are a poorer corrosion-resisting ability and lower bio-resistibility. Sepiolite and cement plant industrial dusts have lowest solubility, which have high content of SiO2; this shows there are a higher corrosion-resisting ability and stronger bio-resistibility.
文摘探究聚-γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)对水稻产量、品质和养分吸收的影响,为高产优质、养分高效利用的水稻栽培技术提供理论依据和技术参考。于2022年和2023年在湖北省武穴市花桥镇开展田间试验,采用随机完全区组设计,包括黑籼稻(B)、冈特优8024(R)和黄华占(H)3个水稻品种,和不施加γ-PGA发酵液(P0)和施加25 kg hm^(-2)γ-PGA发酵液(P1)2种γ-PGA处理方式,分析了水稻干物质量、植株氮磷素积累量、产量、稻米外观品质、籽粒蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量。结果表明,2022年施加γ-PGA对水稻产量影响显著,P1处理较P0水稻产量增加3.2%~10.8%;2023年施加γ-PGA对水稻产量无显著影响。施加γ-PGA的品种B和R的干物质量显著高于不施γ-PGA处理,BP1处理较BP0齐穗期干物质量显著增加7.5%~8.5%,成熟期干物质量显著增加5.9%~7.2%;RP1处理较RP0齐穗期干物质量显著增加8.5%~8.8%,成熟期干物质量显著增加3.3%~3.5%。施加γ-PGA对品种H的干物质量无显著影响。施加γ-PGA能显著提高水稻的氮素和磷素积累量,P1处理较P0齐穗期氮素积累量显著增加12.5%~19.0%,磷素积累量显著增加13.4%~20.3%;成熟期氮素积累量显著增加7.2%~16.5%,磷素积累量显著增加9.2%~29.0%。施用γ-PGA能显著提高稻米直链淀粉和蛋白质含量,降低胶稠度、垩白度,但对粒长、粒宽、碱消值无显著影响。因此,施用γ-PGA显著提高水稻植株干物质量和氮、磷素积累量,改善稻米品质。
文摘探究聚-γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)对直播稻抗倒伏性、产量和品质的影响,为高产优质的水稻栽培技术提供理论依据和技术参考。于2022和2023年在湖北省武穴市花桥镇开展田间试验,采用双因素裂区设计,以直播方式水直播(W)和旱直播(D)为主区,不施加γ-PGA发酵液(P0)和施加25 kg hm–2γ-PGA发酵液(P1)为副区,共4个处理,对水稻抗倒伏能力相关指标、产量、稻米品质进行测定。结果表明,施加γ-PGA能分别使水、旱直播下水稻第一基节茎粗增加10.3%~10.6%和7.5%~13.3%,第二基节茎粗增加10.5%~11.8%和8.2%~17.5%,茎秆壁厚增加23.7%~27.9%和12.5%~22.0%,抗折能力提高37.3%~52.7%和50.8%~54.5%,弯曲力矩提高3.8%~7.6%和4.1%~5.9%,折断弯矩提高37.3%~52.7%和50.8%~54.5%,倒伏指数降低21.9%~29.1%和30.2%~32.2%。施加γ-PGA能改变水稻的茎秆强度,提高产量和稻米品质。
