Background Weed infestation in cotton has been reported to offer severe competition and cause yield reduction to a large extent.Weeding via cultural practices is time consuming,tedious,and expensive due to long durati...Background Weed infestation in cotton has been reported to offer severe competition and cause yield reduction to a large extent.Weeding via cultural practices is time consuming,tedious,and expensive due to long duration of cotton crop and regular monsoon rains during cotton production in India.Chemical weed control has been successfully utilized in cotton in the recent past.However,continuous use of similar herbicides leads to resistance in weeds against herbicides.And when sprayed to the field,herbicides not only suppress weeds but leave undesirable residues in the soil that are hazardous to the environment.Therefore,a study was performed at cotton research area at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University,Hisar,Haryana during two consecutive kharif seasons(2020 and 2021)to determine the most suitable and sustainable weed management strategy through the integration of chemical and cultural methods.Results Mulching with rice straw of 7.5 t ha^(-1)resulted in significantly higher cotton seed yield(3189 and 3084 kg ha^(-1))and better weed control in comparison to no mulch treatments(2990 and 2904 kg ha^(-1))in 2020 and 2021,respectively.Among various weed management levels,the significantly lowest cotton seed yield was recorded in untreated control(1841 and 1757 kg·ha^(-1)during 2020 and 2021,respectively)in comparison to other treatments while all other treatments were statistically at par with each other during both years of crop experimentation.Conclusion Mulching with rice straw of 7.5 t·ha^(-1)along with a pre-emergence application of pendimethalin(active ingredient)at 1.5 kg·ha^(-1)fb(followed by)one hoeings at 45 days after sowing(DAS)and fb glyphosate 2 kg·ha^(-1)(Shielded spray)at 90 DAS is a viable option for effective control of grassy and broadleaved weeds in Bt cotton in north-west India.展开更多
为了明确黄土旱塬区不同降雨年型下秸秆覆盖量对土壤水温效应和冬小麦产量影响的机理,本研究连续7年研究了秸秆覆盖量在不同降雨年型对土壤水分、温度及冬小麦耗水和产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖显著提升越冬期地温,覆盖量越大,增温...为了明确黄土旱塬区不同降雨年型下秸秆覆盖量对土壤水温效应和冬小麦产量影响的机理,本研究连续7年研究了秸秆覆盖量在不同降雨年型对土壤水分、温度及冬小麦耗水和产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖显著提升越冬期地温,覆盖量越大,增温效果逐渐减弱。在干旱年和平水年,返青期1500 kg hm^(-2)处理呈增温趋势,而丰水年则表现为降温;不同年型下,覆盖量越大降温效果越显著。秸秆覆盖在冬小麦生育期内均增加了0~2 m土层的土壤贮水量,且覆盖量越大贮水量越高;干旱年和平水年,耗水量随覆盖量增加而减少,而丰水年则相反。干旱年返青—灌浆期,1500 kg hm^(-2)处理较露地贮水量增加11.8 mm,且全生育期耗水量在各年型下均高于露地6.9~14.8 mm,其中返青—拔节期和灌浆—成熟期的耗水量增加尤为显著。在产量和水分利用效率方面,1500 kg hm^(-2)处理分别较露地增加17.6%和14.8%,增产主要源于穗数增加;3000 kg hm^(-2)处理的产量和水分利用效率与露地接近,而覆盖量进一步增加则导致产量和水分利用效率下降。当1500 kg hm^(-2)覆盖条件下,可有效提高干旱年和平水年返青期土壤温度,达到高产和高水分利用效率,3000 kg hm^(-2)为临界值,过高覆盖量虽显著增强保水效果,但因降温过度,产量和水分利用效率下降。展开更多
文摘Background Weed infestation in cotton has been reported to offer severe competition and cause yield reduction to a large extent.Weeding via cultural practices is time consuming,tedious,and expensive due to long duration of cotton crop and regular monsoon rains during cotton production in India.Chemical weed control has been successfully utilized in cotton in the recent past.However,continuous use of similar herbicides leads to resistance in weeds against herbicides.And when sprayed to the field,herbicides not only suppress weeds but leave undesirable residues in the soil that are hazardous to the environment.Therefore,a study was performed at cotton research area at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University,Hisar,Haryana during two consecutive kharif seasons(2020 and 2021)to determine the most suitable and sustainable weed management strategy through the integration of chemical and cultural methods.Results Mulching with rice straw of 7.5 t ha^(-1)resulted in significantly higher cotton seed yield(3189 and 3084 kg ha^(-1))and better weed control in comparison to no mulch treatments(2990 and 2904 kg ha^(-1))in 2020 and 2021,respectively.Among various weed management levels,the significantly lowest cotton seed yield was recorded in untreated control(1841 and 1757 kg·ha^(-1)during 2020 and 2021,respectively)in comparison to other treatments while all other treatments were statistically at par with each other during both years of crop experimentation.Conclusion Mulching with rice straw of 7.5 t·ha^(-1)along with a pre-emergence application of pendimethalin(active ingredient)at 1.5 kg·ha^(-1)fb(followed by)one hoeings at 45 days after sowing(DAS)and fb glyphosate 2 kg·ha^(-1)(Shielded spray)at 90 DAS is a viable option for effective control of grassy and broadleaved weeds in Bt cotton in north-west India.
文摘为了明确黄土旱塬区不同降雨年型下秸秆覆盖量对土壤水温效应和冬小麦产量影响的机理,本研究连续7年研究了秸秆覆盖量在不同降雨年型对土壤水分、温度及冬小麦耗水和产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖显著提升越冬期地温,覆盖量越大,增温效果逐渐减弱。在干旱年和平水年,返青期1500 kg hm^(-2)处理呈增温趋势,而丰水年则表现为降温;不同年型下,覆盖量越大降温效果越显著。秸秆覆盖在冬小麦生育期内均增加了0~2 m土层的土壤贮水量,且覆盖量越大贮水量越高;干旱年和平水年,耗水量随覆盖量增加而减少,而丰水年则相反。干旱年返青—灌浆期,1500 kg hm^(-2)处理较露地贮水量增加11.8 mm,且全生育期耗水量在各年型下均高于露地6.9~14.8 mm,其中返青—拔节期和灌浆—成熟期的耗水量增加尤为显著。在产量和水分利用效率方面,1500 kg hm^(-2)处理分别较露地增加17.6%和14.8%,增产主要源于穗数增加;3000 kg hm^(-2)处理的产量和水分利用效率与露地接近,而覆盖量进一步增加则导致产量和水分利用效率下降。当1500 kg hm^(-2)覆盖条件下,可有效提高干旱年和平水年返青期土壤温度,达到高产和高水分利用效率,3000 kg hm^(-2)为临界值,过高覆盖量虽显著增强保水效果,但因降温过度,产量和水分利用效率下降。
