Both evolution of the Asian monsoon system and the Cenozoic global cooling are thought to be closely linked to the Himalayan—Tibetan orogen. The South China Sea (SCS) with its high sedimentation rates of carbonate\|r...Both evolution of the Asian monsoon system and the Cenozoic global cooling are thought to be closely linked to the Himalayan—Tibetan orogen. The South China Sea (SCS) with its high sedimentation rates of carbonate\|rich hemipelagic sediments offers a unique opportunity to study the variability of the East Asian monsoon, the erosion and weathering of tectonic orogens as well as its possible impact on global and regional climate.Leg 184, the first deep\|sea drilling leg to the seas off China, cored 17 holes at 6 sites in the northern and southern parts of the SCS and recovered 5463m of sediment. The drilling of hemipelagic sediments was exceptionally successful, with core recovery averaging 83%～101%. The 32Ma sequence of deep\|sea sediments recovered during Leg 184 covers almost the entire environmental history of the SCS since its opening. The abnormally high sediment accumulation rates in the Oligocene section are correlative with the incipient sea floor spreading. The bathyal nature of the Oligocenefauna implies that rifting occurred in the Eocene or earlier. Faunal changesfrom the early to late Oligocene are indicative of basin deepening, a trend thatis even more evident in the Miocene section. Sediment deformation, abruptlithologic changes, and a hiatus occur near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary,representing one of the most significant events in the tectonic andenvironmental history of the SCS.展开更多
Carbon and oxygen isotope and dating analyses of foraminiferan in sediment cores collected from three different areas of the northern slope of the South China Sea were conducted, in order to examine the records of the...Carbon and oxygen isotope and dating analyses of foraminiferan in sediment cores collected from three different areas of the northern slope of the South China Sea were conducted, in order to examine the records of the gas hydrate decomposition events since the late Quaternary under the conditions of methane seepage. The results show that： 1） the δ13C values of the benthic foraminiferan Uvigerina spp. （size range of 0.25-0.35 ram） are from -0.212% to -0.021% and the δ180 values of the planktonic foraminiferan Globigerinoides ruber （size range of 0.25-0.35 ram） are from -0.311% to -0.060%; 2） three cores （ZD2, ZD3 and ZS5） from the bottom of a hole are aged for 11 814, 26 616 and 64 090 a corresponding to the early oxygen isotope stage （MIS） Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ final period, respectively; 3） a negative-skewed layer of carbon isotope corresponds to that of MIS II （cold period）, whose degree of negative bias is -0.2%0; and 4） the δ13C compositions of foraminiferans are similar to those of the Blake Ridge and the Gulf of Mexico sediments of the late Quaternary. According to the analysis, the reasons for these results are that the studied area is a typical area of methane seep environment in the area during MIS II due to the global sea-level fall and sea pressure decrease. Gas hydrate is decomposed and released, and a large number of light carbon isotopes of methane are released into the ocean, dissolved to inorganic carbon （DIC） pool and recorded in the foraminiferan shells. A pyrite layer developed in the negative bias layers of the foraminiferans confirms that the δ13C of foraminiferans is more affected by methane and less by the reduction of marine productivity and early diagenesis. The use of foraminiferan δ13C could accurately determine late Quaternary hydrate release events and provide evidence for both reconstructing the geological history of methane release events and exploring natural gas hydrate.展开更多
Very high resolution seismic record were used to study the sedimentary processes and morphosedimentary features of the continental slope system since Miocene in Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),offshore Hainan,northern South ...Very high resolution seismic record were used to study the sedimentary processes and morphosedimentary features of the continental slope system since Miocene in Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),offshore Hainan,northern South China Sea.It can be divided into four types based on the sedimentary processes and morphology:wide and gentle slope,sigmoid-progradational slope,slumping slope and channeled slope.Different features of展开更多
Results are presented about the changes in chlorophyll a density, carbon fixation and nutrient levels in the surfacewaters of three transects of the southern South China Sea （SCS）, northern Java Sea （JS） and easte...Results are presented about the changes in chlorophyll a density, carbon fixation and nutrient levels in the surfacewaters of three transects of the southern South China Sea （SCS）, northern Java Sea （JS） and eastern Indian Ocean （IO） duringApril 5-16 of 2011. The in situ Chl a concentration and carbon fixation showed decreasing trends from high to low latitudealong the three transects, while the photosynthetic rate of phytoplankton estimated from 14C incorporation displayed no simplevariation with latitude. Chl a concentration and carbon fixation in the IO water was lower than that in the JS water. Highersalinity and lower contents of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and silicate （SiO3^2-） characterized the IO water as comparedto the SCS or JS water, and the PO4^3- content was lower in the IO water than in the SCS or JS water in most cases. Our resultsalso indicate the importance of DIN and SiO3^2- concentrations for the geographical changes in phytoplankton biomass andprimary productivity among the three regions.展开更多
The Qiongdongnan Basin lies in the west part of the northern South China Sea.To the west the basin is bound by the Red River Fault and the Yinggehai Basin,to the east by the Pearl River Mouth Basin,and to the south by...The Qiongdongnan Basin lies in the west part of the northern South China Sea.To the west the basin is bound by the Red River Fault and the Yinggehai Basin,to the east by the Pearl River Mouth Basin,and to the south by the Xisha Rise.In this study,the sequence stratigraphic framework was set up and 11 third-order sequences were distinguished.Based展开更多
The summer and winter circulations in the South China Sea (SCS) including the surface elevation and water temperature are simulated using the model described by Cai and Li (1996) with the monthly mean wind stress and ...The summer and winter circulations in the South China Sea (SCS) including the surface elevation and water temperature are simulated using the model described by Cai and Li (1996) with the monthly mean wind stress and air temperature field at the 1000 mb level from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts as inputs. The boundary conditions at Bashi Channel and Taiwan Strait are taken from the simulation results of the Kuroshio using the same numerical model with a grid size of 0.5°×0.5° and the results of Cai and Li (1996) as boundary conditions. The computational domain for the present paper is between 100°E and 123°E and between 4.5°N and 27°N. The horizontal resolution is 0.25°×0.25° and the vertical variations of the velocity components are resolved by 6 layers The computed steady flow, temperature and elevation fields are consistent with the corresponding fields observed. In particular, the temperature and elevation fields of the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC) have been successfully simulated. The paths of the branch of the Kuroshio entering the South China Sea (SCSBK) through Bashi Channel in winter and summer are discussed It is found that the SCSBK flows southward to the southern SCS from the coast of the Guangdong Province. A portion of the SCSBK returns to the Bashi Channel and subdivides again in deep waters in winter with a branch flows to the south along the coast of the Philippines instead of flowing back to the Pacific In addition, our results confirm the existence of a eastward current to the northeast of Dongsha in summer with the Kuroshio as its source as suggested by Huang et al. Since the value of the eddy viscosity adopted for the simulation of the Kuroshio is on the high side, resulting in a weaker west boundary current in the western Pacific as the boundary conditions for the present simulations, some deviations from the actual situations are expected although the results are in general consistent with observations.展开更多
We assembled approximately 328 seismic records. The data set was from 4 digitally recording long-period and broadband stations of CDSN. We carried out the inversion based on the partitioned waveform inversion (PWI). I...We assembled approximately 328 seismic records. The data set was from 4 digitally recording long-period and broadband stations of CDSN. We carried out the inversion based on the partitioned waveform inversion (PWI). It partitions the large-scale optimization problem into a number of independent small-scale problems. We adopted surface waveform inversion with an equal block (2((2() discretization in order to acquire the images of shear velocity structure at different depths (from surface to 430 km) in the crust and upper-mantle. The resolution of all these anomalies has been established with (check-board( resolution tests. These results show significant difference in velocity, lithosphere and asthenosphere structure between South China Sea and its adjacent regions.展开更多
There have been a number of applications of satellite altimetry to seasonal and interannual sea level variability in the South China Sea. However, these applications usually exclude shallow waters along the coast, wit...There have been a number of applications of satellite altimetry to seasonal and interannual sea level variability in the South China Sea. However, these applications usually exclude shallow waters along the coast, with one of the concerns being large aliased tide-correction error. In this study the authors analyzed 14 years of merged satellite altimeter data to obtain the amplitude and phase of the semi-annual cycle and to examine the variation at the K1 alias frequency (close to the semi-annual frequency). The results indicate that the amplitude of the semi-annual cycle ranges from 3-7 cm, substantial compared with that of the annual cycle; while the amplitude at the K1 alias frequency (error of the K1 tidal correction) is essentially 1 cm only. Altimeter-derived semi-annual cycle is in good agreement with that from independent tide-gauge observations, pointing to the competent ability of satellite altimetry in observing semi-annual sea level variations in the South China Sea.展开更多
Southwest Fujian area has experienced a large-scale transgression regression cycle in Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic and the maximum transgression has taken place in Early Jurassic. The migration and enrichment of geoc...Southwest Fujian area has experienced a large-scale transgression regression cycle in Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic and the maximum transgression has taken place in Early Jurassic. The migration and enrichment of geochemical element in the continuous fine-grained sediments in the basin recorded the paleosalinity and the paleodepth. The changes of paleosalinity and paleodepth indicate the sea(lake) level relative change in every period of Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic in southwestern Fujian. The relative change curve of sea(lake) level in southwestern Fujian is established based on the m value(m=100×w(MgO)/w(Al2 O3)) and the ratios of w(B)/w(Ga), w(Sr)/w(Ba) and w(Ca)/w(Mg). The curve indicates that level I sea-level relative change in southwestern Fujian is composed of the transgression in Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and the regression in the late period of Early Jurassic-Middle Jurassic. The level III sea-level relative change is frequent, which is composed by the lake level descent lake level rise lake level descent of Wenbin Shan formation in Late Triassic, the regression transgression regression of Lishan formation in Early Jurassic and the lake level rise lake level descent-lake level rise lake level descent of Zhangping formation in Middle Jurassic. The transgression regression cycle in southwestern Fujian is significantly controlled by the sea-level change in the north of South China Sea. The relative change curve trends of the level I sea-level in the north of South China Sea and the one in southwestern Fujian are the same. The maximum transgressions both occur in Early Jurassic. The level III sea-level curve reflects the fluctuation of a transgression and two regressions in the early period of Early Jurassic.展开更多
文摘Both evolution of the Asian monsoon system and the Cenozoic global cooling are thought to be closely linked to the Himalayan—Tibetan orogen. The South China Sea (SCS) with its high sedimentation rates of carbonate\|rich hemipelagic sediments offers a unique opportunity to study the variability of the East Asian monsoon, the erosion and weathering of tectonic orogens as well as its possible impact on global and regional climate.Leg 184, the first deep\|sea drilling leg to the seas off China, cored 17 holes at 6 sites in the northern and southern parts of the SCS and recovered 5463m of sediment. The drilling of hemipelagic sediments was exceptionally successful, with core recovery averaging 83%～101%. The 32Ma sequence of deep\|sea sediments recovered during Leg 184 covers almost the entire environmental history of the SCS since its opening. The abnormally high sediment accumulation rates in the Oligocene section are correlative with the incipient sea floor spreading. The bathyal nature of the Oligocenefauna implies that rifting occurred in the Eocene or earlier. Faunal changesfrom the early to late Oligocene are indicative of basin deepening, a trend thatis even more evident in the Miocene section. Sediment deformation, abruptlithologic changes, and a hiatus occur near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary,representing one of the most significant events in the tectonic andenvironmental history of the SCS.
基金Project(40976035) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2009CB219501) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(908-ZC-I-07) supported by the Special Program of Comprehensive Survey and Assessment Offshore China Sea
文摘Carbon and oxygen isotope and dating analyses of foraminiferan in sediment cores collected from three different areas of the northern slope of the South China Sea were conducted, in order to examine the records of the gas hydrate decomposition events since the late Quaternary under the conditions of methane seepage. The results show that： 1） the δ13C values of the benthic foraminiferan Uvigerina spp. （size range of 0.25-0.35 ram） are from -0.212% to -0.021% and the δ180 values of the planktonic foraminiferan Globigerinoides ruber （size range of 0.25-0.35 ram） are from -0.311% to -0.060%; 2） three cores （ZD2, ZD3 and ZS5） from the bottom of a hole are aged for 11 814, 26 616 and 64 090 a corresponding to the early oxygen isotope stage （MIS） Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ final period, respectively; 3） a negative-skewed layer of carbon isotope corresponds to that of MIS II （cold period）, whose degree of negative bias is -0.2%0; and 4） the δ13C compositions of foraminiferans are similar to those of the Blake Ridge and the Gulf of Mexico sediments of the late Quaternary. According to the analysis, the reasons for these results are that the studied area is a typical area of methane seep environment in the area during MIS II due to the global sea-level fall and sea pressure decrease. Gas hydrate is decomposed and released, and a large number of light carbon isotopes of methane are released into the ocean, dissolved to inorganic carbon （DIC） pool and recorded in the foraminiferan shells. A pyrite layer developed in the negative bias layers of the foraminiferans confirms that the δ13C of foraminiferans is more affected by methane and less by the reduction of marine productivity and early diagenesis. The use of foraminiferan δ13C could accurately determine late Quaternary hydrate release events and provide evidence for both reconstructing the geological history of methane release events and exploring natural gas hydrate.
基金Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(YZ201136)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41106086,41474065,41376059,41376061,91428205,41576036,41076028,41476167,and 41606080)Chinese Academy of Sciences Scholarship,the Strat
文摘Very high resolution seismic record were used to study the sedimentary processes and morphosedimentary features of the continental slope system since Miocene in Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),offshore Hainan,northern South China Sea.It can be divided into four types based on the sedimentary processes and morphology:wide and gentle slope,sigmoid-progradational slope,slumping slope and channeled slope.Different features of
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41206132,41276162,41130855)Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Pilot Science and Technology(XDA11020202,XDA05030403)+2 种基金National Project of Basic Sciences and Technology(2012FY112400,2013FY111200)Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge Innovation Program(SQ201115)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(S2011040000151)
文摘Results are presented about the changes in chlorophyll a density, carbon fixation and nutrient levels in the surfacewaters of three transects of the southern South China Sea （SCS）, northern Java Sea （JS） and eastern Indian Ocean （IO） duringApril 5-16 of 2011. The in situ Chl a concentration and carbon fixation showed decreasing trends from high to low latitudealong the three transects, while the photosynthetic rate of phytoplankton estimated from 14C incorporation displayed no simplevariation with latitude. Chl a concentration and carbon fixation in the IO water was lower than that in the JS water. Highersalinity and lower contents of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and silicate （SiO3^2-） characterized the IO water as comparedto the SCS or JS water, and the PO4^3- content was lower in the IO water than in the SCS or JS water in most cases. Our resultsalso indicate the importance of DIN and SiO3^2- concentrations for the geographical changes in phytoplankton biomass andprimary productivity among the three regions.
文摘The Qiongdongnan Basin lies in the west part of the northern South China Sea.To the west the basin is bound by the Red River Fault and the Yinggehai Basin,to the east by the Pearl River Mouth Basin,and to the south by the Xisha Rise.In this study,the sequence stratigraphic framework was set up and 11 third-order sequences were distinguished.Based
文摘The summer and winter circulations in the South China Sea (SCS) including the surface elevation and water temperature are simulated using the model described by Cai and Li (1996) with the monthly mean wind stress and air temperature field at the 1000 mb level from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts as inputs. The boundary conditions at Bashi Channel and Taiwan Strait are taken from the simulation results of the Kuroshio using the same numerical model with a grid size of 0.5°×0.5° and the results of Cai and Li (1996) as boundary conditions. The computational domain for the present paper is between 100°E and 123°E and between 4.5°N and 27°N. The horizontal resolution is 0.25°×0.25° and the vertical variations of the velocity components are resolved by 6 layers The computed steady flow, temperature and elevation fields are consistent with the corresponding fields observed. In particular, the temperature and elevation fields of the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC) have been successfully simulated. The paths of the branch of the Kuroshio entering the South China Sea (SCSBK) through Bashi Channel in winter and summer are discussed It is found that the SCSBK flows southward to the southern SCS from the coast of the Guangdong Province. A portion of the SCSBK returns to the Bashi Channel and subdivides again in deep waters in winter with a branch flows to the south along the coast of the Philippines instead of flowing back to the Pacific In addition, our results confirm the existence of a eastward current to the northeast of Dongsha in summer with the Kuroshio as its source as suggested by Huang et al. Since the value of the eddy viscosity adopted for the simulation of the Kuroshio is on the high side, resulting in a weaker west boundary current in the western Pacific as the boundary conditions for the present simulations, some deviations from the actual situations are expected although the results are in general consistent with observations.
基金State Natural Scientific Foundation (49734150) and National High Performance Computation Foundation.
文摘We assembled approximately 328 seismic records. The data set was from 4 digitally recording long-period and broadband stations of CDSN. We carried out the inversion based on the partitioned waveform inversion (PWI). It partitions the large-scale optimization problem into a number of independent small-scale problems. We adopted surface waveform inversion with an equal block (2((2() discretization in order to acquire the images of shear velocity structure at different depths (from surface to 430 km) in the crust and upper-mantle. The resolution of all these anomalies has been established with (check-board( resolution tests. These results show significant difference in velocity, lithosphere and asthenosphere structure between South China Sea and its adjacent regions.
基金Canadian Space Agency Government Research Initiative ProgramNASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Program
文摘There have been a number of applications of satellite altimetry to seasonal and interannual sea level variability in the South China Sea. However, these applications usually exclude shallow waters along the coast, with one of the concerns being large aliased tide-correction error. In this study the authors analyzed 14 years of merged satellite altimeter data to obtain the amplitude and phase of the semi-annual cycle and to examine the variation at the K1 alias frequency (close to the semi-annual frequency). The results indicate that the amplitude of the semi-annual cycle ranges from 3-7 cm, substantial compared with that of the annual cycle; while the amplitude at the K1 alias frequency (error of the K1 tidal correction) is essentially 1 cm only. Altimeter-derived semi-annual cycle is in good agreement with that from independent tide-gauge observations, pointing to the competent ability of satellite altimetry in observing semi-annual sea level variations in the South China Sea.
基金Project(XQ-2007-03(08)-03) supported by the Potential of Oil and Gas Resources Research and Strategy Selection of Mesozoic in the Southern South China SeaProject(40972074) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013M530976) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
文摘Southwest Fujian area has experienced a large-scale transgression regression cycle in Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic and the maximum transgression has taken place in Early Jurassic. The migration and enrichment of geochemical element in the continuous fine-grained sediments in the basin recorded the paleosalinity and the paleodepth. The changes of paleosalinity and paleodepth indicate the sea(lake) level relative change in every period of Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic in southwestern Fujian. The relative change curve of sea(lake) level in southwestern Fujian is established based on the m value(m=100×w(MgO)/w(Al2 O3)) and the ratios of w(B)/w(Ga), w(Sr)/w(Ba) and w(Ca)/w(Mg). The curve indicates that level I sea-level relative change in southwestern Fujian is composed of the transgression in Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and the regression in the late period of Early Jurassic-Middle Jurassic. The level III sea-level relative change is frequent, which is composed by the lake level descent lake level rise lake level descent of Wenbin Shan formation in Late Triassic, the regression transgression regression of Lishan formation in Early Jurassic and the lake level rise lake level descent-lake level rise lake level descent of Zhangping formation in Middle Jurassic. The transgression regression cycle in southwestern Fujian is significantly controlled by the sea-level change in the north of South China Sea. The relative change curve trends of the level I sea-level in the north of South China Sea and the one in southwestern Fujian are the same. The maximum transgressions both occur in Early Jurassic. The level III sea-level curve reflects the fluctuation of a transgression and two regressions in the early period of Early Jurassic.
