Gene sequencing is a great way to interpret life, and high-throughput sequencing technology is a revolutionary technological innovation in gene sequencing researches. This technology is characterized by low cost and h...Gene sequencing is a great way to interpret life, and high-throughput sequencing technology is a revolutionary technological innovation in gene sequencing researches. This technology is characterized by low cost and high-throughput data. Currently, high-throughput sequencing technology has been widely applied in multi-level researches on genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics. And it has fundamentally changed the way we approach problems in basic and translational researches and created many new possibilities. This paper presented a general description of high-throughput sequencing technology and a comprehensive review of its application with plain, concisely and precisely. In order to help researchers finish their work faster and better, promote science amateurs and understand it easier and better.展开更多
This paper investigates the maximum network through- put for resource-constrained space networks based on the delay and disruption-tolerant networking （DTN） architecture. Specifically, this paper proposes a methodol...This paper investigates the maximum network through- put for resource-constrained space networks based on the delay and disruption-tolerant networking （DTN） architecture. Specifically, this paper proposes a methodology for calculating the maximum network throughput of multiple transmission tasks under storage and delay constraints over a space network. A mixed-integer linear programming （MILP） is formulated to solve this problem. Simula- tions results show that the proposed methodology can successfully calculate the optimal throughput of a space network under storage and delay constraints, as well as a clear, monotonic relationship between end-to-end delay and the maximum network throughput under storage constraints. At the same time, the optimization re- sults shine light on the routing and transport protocol design in space communication, which can be used to obtain the optimal network throughput.展开更多
Recent technological advances in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) phenotyping have offered tools to improve the efficiency of data collection and analysis.High-throughput phenotyping(HTP) is a non-destructive and rapid a...Recent technological advances in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) phenotyping have offered tools to improve the efficiency of data collection and analysis.High-throughput phenotyping(HTP) is a non-destructive and rapid approach of monitoring and measuring multiple phenotypic traits related to the growth,yield,and adaptation to biotic or abiotic stress.Researchers have conducted extensive experiments on HTP and developed techniques including spectral,fluorescence,thermal,and three-dimensional imaging to measure the morphological,physiological,and pathological resistance traits of cotton.In addition,ground-based and aerial-based platforms were also developed to aid in the implementation of these HTP systems.This review paper highlights the techniques and recent developments for HTP in cotton,reviews the potential applications according to morphological and physiological traits of cotton,and compares the advantages and limitations of these HTP systems when used in cotton cropping systems.Overall,the use of HTP has generated many opportunities to accurately and efficiently measure and analyze diverse traits of cotton.However,because of its relative novelty,HTP has some limitations that constrains the ability to take full advantage of what it can offer.These challenges need to be addressed to increase the accuracy and utility of HTP,which can be done by integrating analytical techniques for big data and continuous advances in imaging.展开更多
A new approach for improving the throughputs of multi- channel packet radio systems is proposed. Based on the charac- teristics of multi-code CDMA technology, the scheme factitiously improves the transmission bit rate...A new approach for improving the throughputs of multi- channel packet radio systems is proposed. Based on the charac- teristics of multi-code CDMA technology, the scheme factitiously improves the transmission bit rate of a terminal by compressing the packet transmission time and thereby increases the number of the orthogonal spreading codes used by the terminal. By this means, the average interference level of the system is reduced and the system capacity is improved. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme exhibits larger throughput compared with the traditional multi-code CDMA slotted Aloha systems.展开更多
Xenobiotic drugs and chemicals directly interact with DNA,proteins,or other biomolecules in cells. These direct interactions with molecular targets may trigger a series of downstream effects on metabolic-biochemical a...Xenobiotic drugs and chemicals directly interact with DNA,proteins,or other biomolecules in cells. These direct interactions with molecular targets may trigger a series of downstream effects on metabolic-biochemical and regulatory-signaling networks that can invoke cellular consequences leading to adaptive homeostatic or adverse pathological responses. Regulators for drug and chemicals safety have therefore since long required the testing of toxicity in animal models before drugs and pesticides can enter the market. The US National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences,in its report,Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: a Vision and a Strategy [1] ,proposed that toxicity testing should become less reliant on apical endpoints from whole animal tests and eventually rely instead on quantitative,doseresponse models based on information from in vitro assays and in vivo biomarkers,which can be used to screen large numbers of chemicals. The present paper reports about a combination of HTS in vitro assays that can be used to study the potential tumorigenic effect of xenobiotics ( drug targets,environmental chemicals) via a set of"sentinel"genes [2] that are functionally interrelated based on evidence weighted functional linkage network ( FLN ) log-likelihood scores ( Linghu et al [3] ) .展开更多
为研究消毒剂对猪粪厌氧发酵系统的影响,选取不同浓度(质量分数0.02%、0.1%、0.5%)卫可(Virkon^(TM))消毒剂进行试验。结果表明:在高浓度Virkon^(TM)胁迫下,厌氧发酵系统出水中总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH_(4)^(...为研究消毒剂对猪粪厌氧发酵系统的影响,选取不同浓度(质量分数0.02%、0.1%、0.5%)卫可(Virkon^(TM))消毒剂进行试验。结果表明:在高浓度Virkon^(TM)胁迫下,厌氧发酵系统出水中总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)等含量异常剧增,伴随TS和VS的降解率下降。对照组(CK组)和0.02%、0.1%和0.5%Virkon^(TM)试验组(分别记为L组、M组和H组)的最大产CH_(4)速率分别为63.20、71.63、73.10和38.17mL/g且CH_4总产量分别降低4.48%、16.58%(P<0.001)和86.33%(P<0.001)。随着暴露时间的延长,试验组的关键酶活呈先升后降趋势,其中,H组的S-α-GC、S-β-GC、S-ACP、S-NP及S-CAT等土壤酶活被显著性抑制(P<0.05)。进一步结合高通量测序发现,在整个厌氧发酵阶段,H组Ace指数、Chao指数和Shannon指数均显著性低于CK组(P<0.01)。在门水平上,第一优势菌群为厚壁菌门,其次为变形菌门,其中厚壁菌门相对丰度随Virkon^(TM)浓度的上升而降低,而变形菌门则相反;在属水平上,随着厌氧发酵时间的延长,束毛球菌属(Trichococcus)相对丰度均出现不同程度上升,由0.19%~0.39%提升至2.80%~4.20%,而H组中史密斯氏菌属(Smithella)的相对丰度受到极显著性(P<0.001)的抑制,较CK组下降91%。同时通过PICRUSt2功能预测分析发现,各试验组微生物群落COG(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins)功能组成结构差异并不明显,未知功能及氨基酸运输和代谢为主要优势功能;结合KO(KEGG orthology)结果与KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)数据库相关基因分析发现,高浓度Virkon^(TM)显著抑制微生物群落的生长代谢活性并削弱厌氧发酵系统的甲烷合成效能,另一方面,却诱导关键功能基因K00531(anfG)的表达活性发生超量级响应,较对照组(CK)激增约272倍。其表达水平的显著上调可能通过强化关键酶活性,使系统对Virkon^(TM)消毒副产物中典型氯代污染物(氯代烷烃及氯代烯烃类化合物)的降解效率获得提升,结果可为猪粪厌氧消化处理提供参考。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(3127218631301791)
文摘Gene sequencing is a great way to interpret life, and high-throughput sequencing technology is a revolutionary technological innovation in gene sequencing researches. This technology is characterized by low cost and high-throughput data. Currently, high-throughput sequencing technology has been widely applied in multi-level researches on genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics. And it has fundamentally changed the way we approach problems in basic and translational researches and created many new possibilities. This paper presented a general description of high-throughput sequencing technology and a comprehensive review of its application with plain, concisely and precisely. In order to help researchers finish their work faster and better, promote science amateurs and understand it easier and better.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(6113200261321061+3 种基金6123101161201183)the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB340206)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(2011Z05117)
文摘This paper investigates the maximum network through- put for resource-constrained space networks based on the delay and disruption-tolerant networking （DTN） architecture. Specifically, this paper proposes a methodology for calculating the maximum network throughput of multiple transmission tasks under storage and delay constraints over a space network. A mixed-integer linear programming （MILP） is formulated to solve this problem. Simula- tions results show that the proposed methodology can successfully calculate the optimal throughput of a space network under storage and delay constraints, as well as a clear, monotonic relationship between end-to-end delay and the maximum network throughput under storage constraints. At the same time, the optimization re- sults shine light on the routing and transport protocol design in space communication, which can be used to obtain the optimal network throughput.
文摘Recent technological advances in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) phenotyping have offered tools to improve the efficiency of data collection and analysis.High-throughput phenotyping(HTP) is a non-destructive and rapid approach of monitoring and measuring multiple phenotypic traits related to the growth,yield,and adaptation to biotic or abiotic stress.Researchers have conducted extensive experiments on HTP and developed techniques including spectral,fluorescence,thermal,and three-dimensional imaging to measure the morphological,physiological,and pathological resistance traits of cotton.In addition,ground-based and aerial-based platforms were also developed to aid in the implementation of these HTP systems.This review paper highlights the techniques and recent developments for HTP in cotton,reviews the potential applications according to morphological and physiological traits of cotton,and compares the advantages and limitations of these HTP systems when used in cotton cropping systems.Overall,the use of HTP has generated many opportunities to accurately and efficiently measure and analyze diverse traits of cotton.However,because of its relative novelty,HTP has some limitations that constrains the ability to take full advantage of what it can offer.These challenges need to be addressed to increase the accuracy and utility of HTP,which can be done by integrating analytical techniques for big data and continuous advances in imaging.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2007CB310607)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60772061)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation for the Universities in Jiangsu Province(06KJB51007806KJA51001)
文摘A new approach for improving the throughputs of multi- channel packet radio systems is proposed. Based on the charac- teristics of multi-code CDMA technology, the scheme factitiously improves the transmission bit rate of a terminal by compressing the packet transmission time and thereby increases the number of the orthogonal spreading codes used by the terminal. By this means, the average interference level of the system is reduced and the system capacity is improved. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme exhibits larger throughput compared with the traditional multi-code CDMA slotted Aloha systems.
文摘Xenobiotic drugs and chemicals directly interact with DNA,proteins,or other biomolecules in cells. These direct interactions with molecular targets may trigger a series of downstream effects on metabolic-biochemical and regulatory-signaling networks that can invoke cellular consequences leading to adaptive homeostatic or adverse pathological responses. Regulators for drug and chemicals safety have therefore since long required the testing of toxicity in animal models before drugs and pesticides can enter the market. The US National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences,in its report,Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: a Vision and a Strategy [1] ,proposed that toxicity testing should become less reliant on apical endpoints from whole animal tests and eventually rely instead on quantitative,doseresponse models based on information from in vitro assays and in vivo biomarkers,which can be used to screen large numbers of chemicals. The present paper reports about a combination of HTS in vitro assays that can be used to study the potential tumorigenic effect of xenobiotics ( drug targets,environmental chemicals) via a set of"sentinel"genes [2] that are functionally interrelated based on evidence weighted functional linkage network ( FLN ) log-likelihood scores ( Linghu et al [3] ) .
文摘为研究消毒剂对猪粪厌氧发酵系统的影响,选取不同浓度(质量分数0.02%、0.1%、0.5%)卫可(Virkon^(TM))消毒剂进行试验。结果表明:在高浓度Virkon^(TM)胁迫下,厌氧发酵系统出水中总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)等含量异常剧增,伴随TS和VS的降解率下降。对照组(CK组)和0.02%、0.1%和0.5%Virkon^(TM)试验组(分别记为L组、M组和H组)的最大产CH_(4)速率分别为63.20、71.63、73.10和38.17mL/g且CH_4总产量分别降低4.48%、16.58%(P<0.001)和86.33%(P<0.001)。随着暴露时间的延长,试验组的关键酶活呈先升后降趋势,其中,H组的S-α-GC、S-β-GC、S-ACP、S-NP及S-CAT等土壤酶活被显著性抑制(P<0.05)。进一步结合高通量测序发现,在整个厌氧发酵阶段,H组Ace指数、Chao指数和Shannon指数均显著性低于CK组(P<0.01)。在门水平上,第一优势菌群为厚壁菌门,其次为变形菌门,其中厚壁菌门相对丰度随Virkon^(TM)浓度的上升而降低,而变形菌门则相反;在属水平上,随着厌氧发酵时间的延长,束毛球菌属(Trichococcus)相对丰度均出现不同程度上升,由0.19%~0.39%提升至2.80%~4.20%,而H组中史密斯氏菌属(Smithella)的相对丰度受到极显著性(P<0.001)的抑制,较CK组下降91%。同时通过PICRUSt2功能预测分析发现,各试验组微生物群落COG(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins)功能组成结构差异并不明显,未知功能及氨基酸运输和代谢为主要优势功能;结合KO(KEGG orthology)结果与KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)数据库相关基因分析发现,高浓度Virkon^(TM)显著抑制微生物群落的生长代谢活性并削弱厌氧发酵系统的甲烷合成效能,另一方面,却诱导关键功能基因K00531(anfG)的表达活性发生超量级响应,较对照组(CK)激增约272倍。其表达水平的显著上调可能通过强化关键酶活性,使系统对Virkon^(TM)消毒副产物中典型氯代污染物(氯代烷烃及氯代烯烃类化合物)的降解效率获得提升,结果可为猪粪厌氧消化处理提供参考。
