Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and the effect of pulmonary endarterectomy(PEA)in CTEPH patients with unilateral main pulmonary artery occlusion.Methods Of 160 CTEPH patients operated between Janua...Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and the effect of pulmonary endarterectomy(PEA)in CTEPH patients with unilateral main pulmonary artery occlusion.Methods Of 160 CTEPH patients operated between January2004 and March 2018 at our center,13(8.1%)had complete main pulmonary artery occlusion.Patients were included if the ventilation/perfusion(V/Q)scan revealed nonperfusion of an entire lung and the pathological examination showed chronic thromboembolic.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To study the role of Ginkgo biloba extract-761(EGb-761)in the recovery of gait abnormality and its neuroprotective effect against the brain injury induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlu-sion in ra...OBJECTIVE To study the role of Ginkgo biloba extract-761(EGb-761)in the recovery of gait abnormality and its neuroprotective effect against the brain injury induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlu-sion in rats.METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats(n=200,240-305 g)were anesthetized with 0.2%pentobarbital sodium diluted in physiological saline(2.0 m L·kg-1,ip).Then a monofilament coated with poly-L-lysine,was used to occlude the origin of the middle cerebral artery.It was inserted into the internal carotid artery lumen until it met mild resistance,approximately 20mm beyond the common carotid artery bifurcation.The suture was secured with a ligature and maintained in place until sacrifice.The same surgical procedure was conducted in sham-operated rats in which the middle cerebral artery was not occluded.Motor and behavioral changes were assessed after surgery using a five point scale.The rats securing the point scale above 2 were included in the study.The rats were randomly divided into control,and treated groups:EGb-761(20,50,and 100 mg·kg-1).The treated groups were oral y administered(10 mL·kg-1)for 28 d.On 7th,14th,21st,and 28th day the neurological scores,rotar rod test and gait assessment(the automated computer-assisted method)were performed.The brains were collected for TTC staining and histopathological analysis.RESULTS 1)Weight:On 28th day,EGb-761(20 mg·kg-1,)significantly increased the weight of the rat by^8%as compared to control(~300 g).However,at 50 mg·kg-1,and 100 mg·kg-1,a significant increase of^7-7.6%(control:~232 g),and^7.3-7%,respectively from 14 to 28 days was noted.2)Neurological scores:On 28thday,EGb-761(20,50,and 100 mg·kg-1)significantly decreased the neurological scores by^18%,~22%,~21%,respectively as compared to control(~2.07).3)Rotar rod test:On 28thday,EGb-761(50,and100 mg·kg-1)significantly increased by^69.1%,~74.1%,respectively as compared to control(~28.2).4)Gait assessment:On 7th,14th,21st,and 28thday,EGb-761(20,50,and 100 m·kg-1)significantly reduced the average body angle,on 7th,14th,21st,and 28thday,EGb-761(100 mg·kg-1)significantly increased the walk speed and reduced the average walking cycle,EGb-761(50,and 100 mg·kg-1)significantly the area of the left brain/right brain area percentage and reduced tissue pathologic neuron injury.CONCLUSION Ginkgo biloba extract EGb-761 has obvious improve behavior disorders,and has a protective neuroprotective effect against the brain injury induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.展开更多
Objective Introduction When we perform transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula, we selectively occluded the venous outflow to the retrograde cortical venous drainage and retrograde ophthalmic venous drai...Objective Introduction When we perform transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula, we selectively occluded the venous outflow to the retrograde cortical venous drainage and retrograde ophthalmic venous drainage as the initial steps before the rest of the cavernous sinus. The rationale is to prevent re-diversion of flow into the ophthalmic veins and cortical veins in a subtotally occluded carotid cavernous fistula.Method From 1997 to 2004, a total of 46 patients with carotid cavernous fistula were treated by transvenous embolization using the proposed selective occlusion strategy. There were 6 direct and 40 dural cartoid cavernous fistulae. The embolic agents were Guglielmi detachable coils and fibered platinum coils. Transvenous embolization routes included inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) alone (32 patients), IPS and intercavernous sinus (9 patients), and superior ophthalmic vein (5 patients).Result The follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 7 years. One patient developed retinal hemorrhage due to ophthalic vein thrombosis one week after the embolization procedure. Two patients had transient ophthalmoplegia and 2 patients had symptomatic recurrence of the carotid cavernous fistula during the follow-up. Clinical cure was achieved in 44 patients (96%).Conclusion The sequential occlusion strategy offers a safe and effective method in the transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of kaempferol(KAE)on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.METHODS Chronic cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries(2VO).Then,t...OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of kaempferol(KAE)on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.METHODS Chronic cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries(2VO).Then,the rats with chronic cerebral ischemia were randomly divied into three groups:model group,KAE 10 and 30 mg·kg-1group.Another group rats without occlusion of common carotid arteries were used as the sham-operation group.Memory behavior was investigated by Morris water maze test.Prehensile ability was investigated by prehensile traction test.The structure of hippocampus and cortex neurons was observed with Nissel staining.In addition,the SOD activity and MDA content in brain tissue were determined.The DJ-1protein level was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS KAE 10 and 30 mg·kg-1could significantly improve cognitive impairment and prehensile traction ability(P<0.01)induced by chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.The results of the pathological analysis also suggested that KAE could ameliorate the pathological damage induced by chronic cerebral ischemia.In addition,KAE 30 mg·kg-1significantly increased the activity of SOD(P<0.05),but had no effect on the content of MDA in rat brain tissue.Western-blotting confirmed that KAE 10 and30 mg·kg-1could increase the expression of anti-oxidation proteins DJ-1 in hippocampus(P<0.01).CONCLUSION KAE may attenuate the chronic cerebral ischemic injury in rats.展开更多
Spatial precession is a special micro-motion of the spinning-directional target, and the micro-Doppler signature of the cone-shaped target with precession is studied. The micro-motion model of precession is built firs...Spatial precession is a special micro-motion of the spinning-directional target, and the micro-Doppler signature of the cone-shaped target with precession is studied. The micro-motion model of precession is built first, and then the micro-Doppler model is developed based on the proposed concept of micro-motion ma- trix, by which the theoretical formula of micro-Doppler signature of precession is derived. In order to further approach to the actual case, the occlusion effect is firstly considered in micro-Doppler, and the simulated result with occlusion effect is well in accordance with the measured result in microwave anechoic chamber, which suggests that the micro-motion model and micro-Doppler model of precession are both valid.展开更多
Expression, occlusion, and pose variations are three main challenges for 3D face recognition. A novel method is presented to address 3D face recognition using scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT) features on 3D mes...Expression, occlusion, and pose variations are three main challenges for 3D face recognition. A novel method is presented to address 3D face recognition using scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT) features on 3D meshes. After preprocessing, shape index extrema on the 3D facial surface are selected as keypoints in the difference scale space and the unstable keypoints are removed after two screening steps. Then, a local coordinate system for each keypoint is established by principal component analysis(PCA).Next, two local geometric features are extracted around each keypoint through the local coordinate system. Additionally, the features are augmented by the symmetrization according to the approximate left-right symmetry in human face. The proposed method is evaluated on the Bosphorus, BU-3DFE, and Gavab databases, respectively. Good results are achieved on these three datasets. As a result, the proposed method proves robust to facial expression variations, partial external occlusions and large pose changes.展开更多
A new method is proposed for synthesizing intermediate views from a pair of stereoscopic images. In order to synthesize high-quality intermediate views, the block matching method together with a simplified multi-windo...A new method is proposed for synthesizing intermediate views from a pair of stereoscopic images. In order to synthesize high-quality intermediate views, the block matching method together with a simplified multi-window technique and dynamic programming is used in the process of disparity estimation. Then occlusion detection is performed to locate occluded regions and their disparities are compensated. After the projecton of the left-to-right and right-to-left disparities onto the intermediate image, intermediate view is synthesized considering occluded regions. Experimental results show that our synthesis method can obtain intermediate views with higher quality.展开更多
Aim To investigate the effect of clonidine on anxiety-like behaviors of rats subjected to chronic hy- popeffusional cerebral ischemia. Methods Chronic hypopeffusional cerebral ischemia was established by perma- nent b...Aim To investigate the effect of clonidine on anxiety-like behaviors of rats subjected to chronic hy- popeffusional cerebral ischemia. Methods Chronic hypopeffusional cerebral ischemia was established by perma- nent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion （two-vessel occlusion, 2VO）. Three weeks after 2VO, rats were given clonidine （0.05 mg·kg^-1, i. p. ） for 14 days. Behavioural experiments including elevated plus maze （EPM） and open field test （OFT） were applied to evaluate anxiey-like behaviour after four-week ischemia. Re- suits 2VO rats significantly spent less time in open arm of EPM and more time in peripheral region of OFT com- pared with sham rats. Clonidine notably increased open arm time in EPM and prolonged time spent in center region in OFT of 2VO rats. Conlusion Chronic hypopeffusional cerebral ischemia caused anxiety-like behaviors of rats and clonidine showed an important role in improving anxiety-like behaviors in 2VO rats.展开更多
Aim Reduction of Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction （RSNK）, is a modified traditional Chinese medicinal formula of Sheng-Nao-Kang pill preparation, which is protective in rats against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R...Aim Reduction of Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction （RSNK）, is a modified traditional Chinese medicinal formula of Sheng-Nao-Kang pill preparation, which is protective in rats against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury. In the current study, we investigate the protective effect of RSNK against apoptosis and oxidative damage induced by cerebral I/R and explore the underlying mechanisms. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by in- traluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 24 h in adult male Sprague- Dawley rats. Rats were randomized into seven groups （n- 8）： Sham group, I/R group, RSNK-treated groups （ 0.7 g · kg ^- 1, 1 . 4 g · kg ^- 1 and 2. 8 g · kg^ - 1 ） , nimodipine （NMP） -treated group and Whitmania pigra Whitman （WW）-treated group. Neurological deficit scores, cerebral humidity content and cerebral infarction volume were measured after the 24 h reperfusion. Malondialdehyde （ MDA）, superoxide dismutase （ SOD）, catalase （ CAT）, inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and total nitric oxide synthase （TNOS） in serum were measured by assay kits for biochemical analysis. Histological structures of the cortex of the ipsilateral ischemic cerebral hemisphere in rats were observed by Nissl staining. The caspase-3 protein content in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions in the injured brain were evaluated by Western blot. RSNK administration not only markedly improved neurological deficit scores, but also reduced cere- bral humidity content and cerebral infarction volume, lowered MDA content, up-regulated SOD and CAT levels, down-regulated iNOS and TNOS levels, restrained the expression of caspase-3 positive protein and alleviated the Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To study the treatment effect of Gastrodia elata and Uncaria rhynchophylla water extract(GUW)against cerebral ischemia,and the metabolomic profile of cerebrospinal fluid in GUW treated cerebral ischemia in r...OBJECTIVE To study the treatment effect of Gastrodia elata and Uncaria rhynchophylla water extract(GUW)against cerebral ischemia,and the metabolomic profile of cerebrospinal fluid in GUW treated cerebral ischemia in rat model.METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in male SD rat.GUW or control(PBS)was administered orally for 7d post-operationally.At day 7,the brain of the rat was harvested.The infarct volume of the brain was measured after TTC staining.The brain was subjected to H&E and cresyl violet staining in histological analysis.The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of another set of animals was aspirated.The CSF samples were labeled with 13 C-dansyl and 12C-dansyl chloride.The reaction mixture was put into liquid chromatography Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for analysis of the CSF metabolome.Multivariate statistical analysis will be carried out to determine the differences of metabolomic profile in CSF of GUW versus control group.RESULTS After GUW treatment,the neurological deficit score was significantly improved from day 3 to 7(P<0.001).GUW treated group significantly reduced 55.7%infarct volume on MCAO rats in TTC stained brain slices(P<0.001)and preserved brain histological structure observed in H&E and cresyl violet staining.On the other hand,according to various statistical analyses to compare CSF metabolite in the GUW and control group,volcano plot analysis showed 48 metabolites(P<0.001);OPLS-DA analysis showed 129 metabolites(VIP score >2.0)and 45 metabolites in ROC curve analysis.Among identified metabolites,L-aspartic acid(60%)and glycine(62%)decreased in GUW while threoninyl-alanine increased by 1.6 fold significantly.CONCLUSION GUW ameliorated cerebral ischemic injury,and the metabolomic approach may be a potential means to find biomarker of the Chinese medicine treatment on cerebral ischemia.展开更多
文摘Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and the effect of pulmonary endarterectomy(PEA)in CTEPH patients with unilateral main pulmonary artery occlusion.Methods Of 160 CTEPH patients operated between January2004 and March 2018 at our center,13(8.1%)had complete main pulmonary artery occlusion.Patients were included if the ventilation/perfusion(V/Q)scan revealed nonperfusion of an entire lung and the pathological examination showed chronic thromboembolic.
基金The project supported by Hunan province Science and Technology Plan Projects of China(2015DK3010)
文摘OBJECTIVE To study the role of Ginkgo biloba extract-761(EGb-761)in the recovery of gait abnormality and its neuroprotective effect against the brain injury induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlu-sion in rats.METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats(n=200,240-305 g)were anesthetized with 0.2%pentobarbital sodium diluted in physiological saline(2.0 m L·kg-1,ip).Then a monofilament coated with poly-L-lysine,was used to occlude the origin of the middle cerebral artery.It was inserted into the internal carotid artery lumen until it met mild resistance,approximately 20mm beyond the common carotid artery bifurcation.The suture was secured with a ligature and maintained in place until sacrifice.The same surgical procedure was conducted in sham-operated rats in which the middle cerebral artery was not occluded.Motor and behavioral changes were assessed after surgery using a five point scale.The rats securing the point scale above 2 were included in the study.The rats were randomly divided into control,and treated groups:EGb-761(20,50,and 100 mg·kg-1).The treated groups were oral y administered(10 mL·kg-1)for 28 d.On 7th,14th,21st,and 28th day the neurological scores,rotar rod test and gait assessment(the automated computer-assisted method)were performed.The brains were collected for TTC staining and histopathological analysis.RESULTS 1)Weight:On 28th day,EGb-761(20 mg·kg-1,)significantly increased the weight of the rat by^8%as compared to control(~300 g).However,at 50 mg·kg-1,and 100 mg·kg-1,a significant increase of^7-7.6%(control:~232 g),and^7.3-7%,respectively from 14 to 28 days was noted.2)Neurological scores:On 28thday,EGb-761(20,50,and 100 mg·kg-1)significantly decreased the neurological scores by^18%,~22%,~21%,respectively as compared to control(~2.07).3)Rotar rod test:On 28thday,EGb-761(50,and100 mg·kg-1)significantly increased by^69.1%,~74.1%,respectively as compared to control(~28.2).4)Gait assessment:On 7th,14th,21st,and 28thday,EGb-761(20,50,and 100 m·kg-1)significantly reduced the average body angle,on 7th,14th,21st,and 28thday,EGb-761(100 mg·kg-1)significantly increased the walk speed and reduced the average walking cycle,EGb-761(50,and 100 mg·kg-1)significantly the area of the left brain/right brain area percentage and reduced tissue pathologic neuron injury.CONCLUSION Ginkgo biloba extract EGb-761 has obvious improve behavior disorders,and has a protective neuroprotective effect against the brain injury induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.
文摘Objective Introduction When we perform transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula, we selectively occluded the venous outflow to the retrograde cortical venous drainage and retrograde ophthalmic venous drainage as the initial steps before the rest of the cavernous sinus. The rationale is to prevent re-diversion of flow into the ophthalmic veins and cortical veins in a subtotally occluded carotid cavernous fistula.Method From 1997 to 2004, a total of 46 patients with carotid cavernous fistula were treated by transvenous embolization using the proposed selective occlusion strategy. There were 6 direct and 40 dural cartoid cavernous fistulae. The embolic agents were Guglielmi detachable coils and fibered platinum coils. Transvenous embolization routes included inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) alone (32 patients), IPS and intercavernous sinus (9 patients), and superior ophthalmic vein (5 patients).Result The follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 7 years. One patient developed retinal hemorrhage due to ophthalic vein thrombosis one week after the embolization procedure. Two patients had transient ophthalmoplegia and 2 patients had symptomatic recurrence of the carotid cavernous fistula during the follow-up. Clinical cure was achieved in 44 patients (96%).Conclusion The sequential occlusion strategy offers a safe and effective method in the transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473383,81573645)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of kaempferol(KAE)on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.METHODS Chronic cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries(2VO).Then,the rats with chronic cerebral ischemia were randomly divied into three groups:model group,KAE 10 and 30 mg·kg-1group.Another group rats without occlusion of common carotid arteries were used as the sham-operation group.Memory behavior was investigated by Morris water maze test.Prehensile ability was investigated by prehensile traction test.The structure of hippocampus and cortex neurons was observed with Nissel staining.In addition,the SOD activity and MDA content in brain tissue were determined.The DJ-1protein level was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS KAE 10 and 30 mg·kg-1could significantly improve cognitive impairment and prehensile traction ability(P<0.01)induced by chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.The results of the pathological analysis also suggested that KAE could ameliorate the pathological damage induced by chronic cerebral ischemia.In addition,KAE 30 mg·kg-1significantly increased the activity of SOD(P<0.05),but had no effect on the content of MDA in rat brain tissue.Western-blotting confirmed that KAE 10 and30 mg·kg-1could increase the expression of anti-oxidation proteins DJ-1 in hippocampus(P<0.01).CONCLUSION KAE may attenuate the chronic cerebral ischemic injury in rats.
文摘Spatial precession is a special micro-motion of the spinning-directional target, and the micro-Doppler signature of the cone-shaped target with precession is studied. The micro-motion model of precession is built first, and then the micro-Doppler model is developed based on the proposed concept of micro-motion ma- trix, by which the theoretical formula of micro-Doppler signature of precession is derived. In order to further approach to the actual case, the occlusion effect is firstly considered in micro-Doppler, and the simulated result with occlusion effect is well in accordance with the measured result in microwave anechoic chamber, which suggests that the micro-motion model and micro-Doppler model of precession are both valid.
基金Project(XDA06020300)supported by the"Strategic Priority Research Program"of the Chinese Academy of SciencesProject(12511501700)supported by the Research on the Key Technology of Internet of Things for Urban Community Safety Based on Video Sensor networks
文摘Expression, occlusion, and pose variations are three main challenges for 3D face recognition. A novel method is presented to address 3D face recognition using scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT) features on 3D meshes. After preprocessing, shape index extrema on the 3D facial surface are selected as keypoints in the difference scale space and the unstable keypoints are removed after two screening steps. Then, a local coordinate system for each keypoint is established by principal component analysis(PCA).Next, two local geometric features are extracted around each keypoint through the local coordinate system. Additionally, the features are augmented by the symmetrization according to the approximate left-right symmetry in human face. The proposed method is evaluated on the Bosphorus, BU-3DFE, and Gavab databases, respectively. Good results are achieved on these three datasets. As a result, the proposed method proves robust to facial expression variations, partial external occlusions and large pose changes.
文摘A new method is proposed for synthesizing intermediate views from a pair of stereoscopic images. In order to synthesize high-quality intermediate views, the block matching method together with a simplified multi-window technique and dynamic programming is used in the process of disparity estimation. Then occlusion detection is performed to locate occluded regions and their disparities are compensated. After the projecton of the left-to-right and right-to-left disparities onto the intermediate image, intermediate view is synthesized considering occluded regions. Experimental results show that our synthesis method can obtain intermediate views with higher quality.
文摘Aim To investigate the effect of clonidine on anxiety-like behaviors of rats subjected to chronic hy- popeffusional cerebral ischemia. Methods Chronic hypopeffusional cerebral ischemia was established by perma- nent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion （two-vessel occlusion, 2VO）. Three weeks after 2VO, rats were given clonidine （0.05 mg·kg^-1, i. p. ） for 14 days. Behavioural experiments including elevated plus maze （EPM） and open field test （OFT） were applied to evaluate anxiey-like behaviour after four-week ischemia. Re- suits 2VO rats significantly spent less time in open arm of EPM and more time in peripheral region of OFT com- pared with sham rats. Clonidine notably increased open arm time in EPM and prolonged time spent in center region in OFT of 2VO rats. Conlusion Chronic hypopeffusional cerebral ischemia caused anxiety-like behaviors of rats and clonidine showed an important role in improving anxiety-like behaviors in 2VO rats.
文摘Aim Reduction of Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction （RSNK）, is a modified traditional Chinese medicinal formula of Sheng-Nao-Kang pill preparation, which is protective in rats against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury. In the current study, we investigate the protective effect of RSNK against apoptosis and oxidative damage induced by cerebral I/R and explore the underlying mechanisms. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by in- traluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 24 h in adult male Sprague- Dawley rats. Rats were randomized into seven groups （n- 8）： Sham group, I/R group, RSNK-treated groups （ 0.7 g · kg ^- 1, 1 . 4 g · kg ^- 1 and 2. 8 g · kg^ - 1 ） , nimodipine （NMP） -treated group and Whitmania pigra Whitman （WW）-treated group. Neurological deficit scores, cerebral humidity content and cerebral infarction volume were measured after the 24 h reperfusion. Malondialdehyde （ MDA）, superoxide dismutase （ SOD）, catalase （ CAT）, inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and total nitric oxide synthase （TNOS） in serum were measured by assay kits for biochemical analysis. Histological structures of the cortex of the ipsilateral ischemic cerebral hemisphere in rats were observed by Nissl staining. The caspase-3 protein content in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions in the injured brain were evaluated by Western blot. RSNK administration not only markedly improved neurological deficit scores, but also reduced cere- bral humidity content and cerebral infarction volume, lowered MDA content, up-regulated SOD and CAT levels, down-regulated iNOS and TNOS levels, restrained the expression of caspase-3 positive protein and alleviated the Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions.
基金The project supported by the Health and Medical Research Fund,Hong Kong(11120381)
文摘OBJECTIVE To study the treatment effect of Gastrodia elata and Uncaria rhynchophylla water extract(GUW)against cerebral ischemia,and the metabolomic profile of cerebrospinal fluid in GUW treated cerebral ischemia in rat model.METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in male SD rat.GUW or control(PBS)was administered orally for 7d post-operationally.At day 7,the brain of the rat was harvested.The infarct volume of the brain was measured after TTC staining.The brain was subjected to H&E and cresyl violet staining in histological analysis.The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of another set of animals was aspirated.The CSF samples were labeled with 13 C-dansyl and 12C-dansyl chloride.The reaction mixture was put into liquid chromatography Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for analysis of the CSF metabolome.Multivariate statistical analysis will be carried out to determine the differences of metabolomic profile in CSF of GUW versus control group.RESULTS After GUW treatment,the neurological deficit score was significantly improved from day 3 to 7(P<0.001).GUW treated group significantly reduced 55.7%infarct volume on MCAO rats in TTC stained brain slices(P<0.001)and preserved brain histological structure observed in H&E and cresyl violet staining.On the other hand,according to various statistical analyses to compare CSF metabolite in the GUW and control group,volcano plot analysis showed 48 metabolites(P<0.001);OPLS-DA analysis showed 129 metabolites(VIP score >2.0)and 45 metabolites in ROC curve analysis.Among identified metabolites,L-aspartic acid(60%)and glycine(62%)decreased in GUW while threoninyl-alanine increased by 1.6 fold significantly.CONCLUSION GUW ameliorated cerebral ischemic injury,and the metabolomic approach may be a potential means to find biomarker of the Chinese medicine treatment on cerebral ischemia.
