Soil contaminated with typical heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn) was remedied by using the polymeric aluminum salt coagulants including polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyaluminum sulfate (PAS).The remediation efficienc...Soil contaminated with typical heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn) was remedied by using the polymeric aluminum salt coagulants including polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyaluminum sulfate (PAS).The remediation efficiencies are influenced by reaction time,water amount,and dosage of remediation agent.The optimal remediation conditions are as follows:6 h of reaction time,1 kg/kg of water addition amount,and 0.25 kg/kg of remediation agent dosage.After PAC addition,the remediation efficiencies of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn reach 88.3%,85.1%,85.4%,and 73.7%,respectively;and those for PAS are 89.7%,88.7%,83.5%,and 72.6%,respectively.The main remediation mechanism of the polymeric aluminum salt may contribute to the ionization and hydrolysis of PAC and PAS.H + released from ionization of polymeric aluminum salt can cause the leaching of heavy metals,while the multinuclear complex produced from hydrolysis may result in the immobilization of heavy metals.For PAC,the immobilization of heavy metals is the main remediation process.For PAS,both leaching and immobilization are involved in the remediation process of heavy metals.展开更多
Considering that Fe,Al elements in bauxite residue are active components for water purification,an effective polyaluminum ferric chloride(PAFC)coagulant derived from bauxite residue,with Fe2O3 content>5.1%,Al2O3%&g...Considering that Fe,Al elements in bauxite residue are active components for water purification,an effective polyaluminum ferric chloride(PAFC)coagulant derived from bauxite residue,with Fe2O3 content>5.1%,Al2O3%>6.5%,basicity>65%,was successfully prepared.The effect of as-prepared PAFC on the zeta potential for printing and dyeing wastewater was investigated.Comparing with polyferric chloride(PFC)and polyferric sulfate(PFS)for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment,prepared bauxite residue-based PAFC exhibited the optimal performance in the aspects of chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate.Furthermore,the combination of bauxite residue-based PAFC and PFS for synergy coagulation of such wastewater demonstrated an obvious positive effect.With the proportion between as-prepared PAFC and PFS to be 2.5:1,the COD of treated wastewater could be further reduced to meet the national level A standard of China,providing a promising route to solve the problem of substandard printing and dyeing sewage outfall by a simple coagulation strategy.展开更多
Poly （vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS）. The effects of coagulation bath temperature （CBT） on the structure and performance of membranes ...Poly （vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS）. The effects of coagulation bath temperature （CBT） on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail. The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the performances of water permeability, rejection, breaking strength and elongation were measured, respectively. The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT. The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/（m2·s-kPa） with the CBT increasing from 20 ℃ to 40℃, and sharply increases to 35.226×10 7 m3/（m2.s.kPa）once the CBT arrives at 50 ℃. While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease, totally exceed 98%, but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT. Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.展开更多
Characterization of water, waste water and natural organic matter are involved in this paper, and as well as the features of flocculation and coagulation for removing natural organic matter from water and waste water ...Characterization of water, waste water and natural organic matter are involved in this paper, and as well as the features of flocculation and coagulation for removing natural organic matter from water and waste water Novel flocculant and coagualant is strongly asked for improving removal efficiency and environment friendly. Enhanced coagulation is introduced to meet the experimental and practical requirement.展开更多
Due to rainwater and surface water infiltration, leachate generated by buried landfill can result in the secondary pollution of groundwater.In this study, combination technologies of chemical coagulation and electroch...Due to rainwater and surface water infiltration, leachate generated by buried landfill can result in the secondary pollution of groundwater.In this study, combination technologies of chemical coagulation and electrochemistry were used to treat landfill leachate.First,experiments were carried out with Ca（OH）<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub> as the flocculant to pre-treat landfill leachate.The optimum treatment conditions are as follows:the dosages of Ca（OH）<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub> are 17 g/L and 17 mL/L,respectively;mixing time is 5min,and the 86.8%of COD<sub>Cr</sub>,38.6%of NH<sub>3</sub>-N and 93.2%of phosphorus were removed(COD<sub>Cr</sub>,NH<sub>3</sub>展开更多
Humic substances (especially fulvic acid (FA)) are the major components of natural organic matter (NOM) that widely exist in drinking water source. Due to their potential effects on public health,the removal of FA was...Humic substances (especially fulvic acid (FA)) are the major components of natural organic matter (NOM) that widely exist in drinking water source. Due to their potential effects on public health,the removal of FA was one of the main concerns during the water treatment. Therefore,the contact filtration of FA by using aluminum sulfate as coagulant on the basis of jar tests was carried out. The effects of pH and coagulant dosage on the FA removal and the development of head loss were investigated. The results show that the range of pH value during the FA contact filtration can be effectively influenced by the dosage of aluminum sulfate,and the high aluminum sulfate dosage is an important factor that can result in early filter breakthrough. The FA filtration by deep-bed filtration or by membrane filtration is sometimes disparate under the same coagulation conditions. The choice of aluminum sulfate dosage by the method of membrane filtration,i.e. the "true color measurement",may result in inappropriate filter run,whereas it can be determined with simple jar tests by observing the formation of micro flocs. Considering the effects of pH on aluminum sulfate dosage and FA removal,the optimal pH range of 5.5?6.0 is suggested.展开更多
基金Project(K1201010-61)supported by the Science and Technology Program of Changsha,ChinaProject(51074191)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012BAC09B04)supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program,China
文摘Soil contaminated with typical heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn) was remedied by using the polymeric aluminum salt coagulants including polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyaluminum sulfate (PAS).The remediation efficiencies are influenced by reaction time,water amount,and dosage of remediation agent.The optimal remediation conditions are as follows:6 h of reaction time,1 kg/kg of water addition amount,and 0.25 kg/kg of remediation agent dosage.After PAC addition,the remediation efficiencies of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn reach 88.3%,85.1%,85.4%,and 73.7%,respectively;and those for PAS are 89.7%,88.7%,83.5%,and 72.6%,respectively.The main remediation mechanism of the polymeric aluminum salt may contribute to the ionization and hydrolysis of PAC and PAS.H + released from ionization of polymeric aluminum salt can cause the leaching of heavy metals,while the multinuclear complex produced from hydrolysis may result in the immobilization of heavy metals.For PAC,the immobilization of heavy metals is the main remediation process.For PAS,both leaching and immobilization are involved in the remediation process of heavy metals.
基金Project(BE2015628)supported by Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program,China
文摘Considering that Fe,Al elements in bauxite residue are active components for water purification,an effective polyaluminum ferric chloride(PAFC)coagulant derived from bauxite residue,with Fe2O3 content>5.1%,Al2O3%>6.5%,basicity>65%,was successfully prepared.The effect of as-prepared PAFC on the zeta potential for printing and dyeing wastewater was investigated.Comparing with polyferric chloride(PFC)and polyferric sulfate(PFS)for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment,prepared bauxite residue-based PAFC exhibited the optimal performance in the aspects of chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate.Furthermore,the combination of bauxite residue-based PAFC and PFS for synergy coagulation of such wastewater demonstrated an obvious positive effect.With the proportion between as-prepared PAFC and PFS to be 2.5:1,the COD of treated wastewater could be further reduced to meet the national level A standard of China,providing a promising route to solve the problem of substandard printing and dyeing sewage outfall by a simple coagulation strategy.
基金Project(21176264)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ2010)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Poly （vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS）. The effects of coagulation bath temperature （CBT） on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail. The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the performances of water permeability, rejection, breaking strength and elongation were measured, respectively. The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT. The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/（m2·s-kPa） with the CBT increasing from 20 ℃ to 40℃, and sharply increases to 35.226×10 7 m3/（m2.s.kPa）once the CBT arrives at 50 ℃. While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease, totally exceed 98%, but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT. Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.
文摘Characterization of water, waste water and natural organic matter are involved in this paper, and as well as the features of flocculation and coagulation for removing natural organic matter from water and waste water Novel flocculant and coagualant is strongly asked for improving removal efficiency and environment friendly. Enhanced coagulation is introduced to meet the experimental and practical requirement.
文摘Due to rainwater and surface water infiltration, leachate generated by buried landfill can result in the secondary pollution of groundwater.In this study, combination technologies of chemical coagulation and electrochemistry were used to treat landfill leachate.First,experiments were carried out with Ca（OH）<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub> as the flocculant to pre-treat landfill leachate.The optimum treatment conditions are as follows:the dosages of Ca（OH）<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub> are 17 g/L and 17 mL/L,respectively;mixing time is 5min,and the 86.8%of COD<sub>Cr</sub>,38.6%of NH<sub>3</sub>-N and 93.2%of phosphorus were removed(COD<sub>Cr</sub>,NH<sub>3</sub>
基金Project(2009ZX07424-004) supported by the Water Special Program of China
文摘Humic substances (especially fulvic acid (FA)) are the major components of natural organic matter (NOM) that widely exist in drinking water source. Due to their potential effects on public health,the removal of FA was one of the main concerns during the water treatment. Therefore,the contact filtration of FA by using aluminum sulfate as coagulant on the basis of jar tests was carried out. The effects of pH and coagulant dosage on the FA removal and the development of head loss were investigated. The results show that the range of pH value during the FA contact filtration can be effectively influenced by the dosage of aluminum sulfate,and the high aluminum sulfate dosage is an important factor that can result in early filter breakthrough. The FA filtration by deep-bed filtration or by membrane filtration is sometimes disparate under the same coagulation conditions. The choice of aluminum sulfate dosage by the method of membrane filtration,i.e. the "true color measurement",may result in inappropriate filter run,whereas it can be determined with simple jar tests by observing the formation of micro flocs. Considering the effects of pH on aluminum sulfate dosage and FA removal,the optimal pH range of 5.5?6.0 is suggested.
