通过超声表面滚压处理制备出具有梯度纳米结构表层的Dievar模具钢试样。在滚压试样和未滚压试样表面进行高能离子注渗(High energy ion implantation,HEII)工艺优化试验,制备出高能离子注渗碳化钨层,并从微观组织结构、成分、硬度和高...通过超声表面滚压处理制备出具有梯度纳米结构表层的Dievar模具钢试样。在滚压试样和未滚压试样表面进行高能离子注渗(High energy ion implantation,HEII)工艺优化试验,制备出高能离子注渗碳化钨层,并从微观组织结构、成分、硬度和高温摩擦磨损性能等方面研究表面纳米化对于高能离子注渗碳化钨性能的影响。结果表明:与HEII试样相比,USRP+HEII试样的梯度纳米结构表层明显增强了高能离子注渗碳化钨的效果。相对于HEII试样,USRP+HEII试样的表面组织更加致密均匀,其注渗层深度提高了约27%;USRP+HEII试样的表面硬度为944.9 HV,分别较原始母材硬度和HEII试样表面硬度提高了约373%和27%;USRP+HEII试样的平均摩擦因数和体积磨损量在不同温度条件下低于HEII试样,说明USRP+HEII试样具有更加优良的抗高温磨损性能。展开更多
By using the rigid-visco-plasticity finite element method, the welding process of aluminum porthole die extrusion to form a tube was simulated based on Deform-3D software. The welding chamber height （H）, back dimens...By using the rigid-visco-plasticity finite element method, the welding process of aluminum porthole die extrusion to form a tube was simulated based on Deform-3D software. The welding chamber height （H）, back dimension of die leg （D）, process velocity and initial billet temperature were used in FE simulations so as to determine the conditions in which better longitudinal welding quality can be obtained. According to K criterion, the local welding parameters such as welding pressure, effective stress and welding path length on the welding plane are linked to longitudinal welds quality. Simulation turns out that pressure-to-effective stress ratio （ρ/σ） and welding path length （L） are the key factors affecting the welding quality, Higher welding chamber best and sharper die leg give better welding quality. When H=10 mm and D=0.4 mm, the longitudinal welds have the best quality. Higher process velocity decreases welds quality. The proper velocity is 10 mm/s for this simulation. In a certain range, higher temperature is beneficial to the longitudinal welds. It is found that both 450 and 465℃ can satisfy the requirements of the longitudinal welds.展开更多
近日，网络流行热词“不作死不会死”广泛见于各大社区、论坛甚至主流媒体上，其中式翻译“no zuo no die”也被悄然编入了知名的在线英语俚语词典——“城市词典”。谁也没想到，这样带有中国特色的词语不仅瞬间“走”遍了全中国，而...近日，网络流行热词“不作死不会死”广泛见于各大社区、论坛甚至主流媒体上，其中式翻译“no zuo no die”也被悄然编入了知名的在线英语俚语词典——“城市词典”。谁也没想到，这样带有中国特色的词语不仅瞬间“走”遍了全中国，而且引起了老外的关注。展开更多
Die wall lubrication was applied on warm compaction powder metallurgy in hope to reduce the concentration level of the admixed lubricant since lubricant is harmful to the mechanical property of the sintered materials....Die wall lubrication was applied on warm compaction powder metallurgy in hope to reduce the concentration level of the admixed lubricant since lubricant is harmful to the mechanical property of the sintered materials. Iron-based samples were prepared by die wall lubricated warm compaction at 135 ℃ and 175 ℃, using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion as die wall lubricant. A compacting pressure of 700 MPa and 550 MPa were used. The admixed lubricant concentration ranging from 0 to 0.6 wt.% was used in this study. Compared with non-die wall lubricated samples, the die wall lubricated samples have higher green densities. Results show that in addition to the decrease in ejection forces, green density of the compacts increased linearly with the decrease in admixed lubricant content. Mechanical property of the sintered compacts increase sharply when the admixed lubricant concentration reduced to 0.125 wt.% or less. Ejection force data indicated that samples with die wall lubrication show lower ejection forces when compared with samples without die wall lubrication. No scoring was observed in all experiments even for samples contain no admixed lubricant. Our results indicated that under experimental condition used in this study, no matter at which compaction pressure, compaction temperature, graphite and lubricant contents in the powder the die wall lubricated warm compaction would give the highest green density and lowest ejection force. It can be concluded that combination of die wall lubrication and warm compaction can provide P/M products with higher density and better quality. It is a feasible way to produce high performance P/M parts if suitable die wall lubrication system was applied.展开更多
The finite element analysis （FEA） software Ansys was employed to study the stress state of the dies of both plane and non-plane parting face structures with uniform interference and the die of plane parting face str...The finite element analysis （FEA） software Ansys was employed to study the stress state of the dies of both plane and non-plane parting face structures with uniform interference and the die of plane parting face structure with non-uniform interference. Considering the symmetry of the die, a half gear tooth model of the two-ring assembled die with 2.5 GPa inner pressure was constructed. Four paths were defined to investigate the stress state at the bottom comer of the die where stress concentration was serious. FEA results show that the change of parting face from non-plane to plane can greatly reduce the stress at the teeth tips of the die so that the tip fracture is avoided. The interference structure of the die is the most important influencing factor for the stress concentration at the bottom comer. When non-uniform interference is adopted the first principal stress at the comer on the defined paths of the die is much lower than that with uniform interference. The bottom hole radius is another important influencing factor for the comer stress concentration. The first principal stress at the comer of the plane parting face die with non-uniform interference is reduced from 2.3 to 1.9 GPa when the hole radius increases from 12.5 to 16.0 mm. The optimization of the die structure increases the life of the die from 100 to 6 000 hits.展开更多
The phenomena of die wall lubricated warm compaction of non-lubricant admixed iron powders were researched, and its mechanism of densification was discussed. Water atomized powder obtained from the Wuhan Iron and Stee...The phenomena of die wall lubricated warm compaction of non-lubricant admixed iron powders were researched, and its mechanism of densification was discussed. Water atomized powder obtained from the Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation was used. With compacting and sintering, compared with cold compaction, the density of warm compacted samples increases by 0.07 - 0. 22 g/cm^3 at the same pressed pressure. The maximum achievable green density of warm compacted samples is 7.12 g/cm^3 at 120℃, and the maximum sintered density is 7.18 g/cm^3 at 80℃. Compared with cold compaction, the ejection force of warm compaction is smaller; the maximum discrep- ancy is about 7 kN. The warm compacted mechanism of densification of iron powders can be obtained： heating the powder contributes to improving plastic deformation of powder particles, and accelerating the mutual filling and rearrangement of powder particles.展开更多
Cold closed-die forging is a suitable process to produce spur-bevel gears due to its advantages, such as saving materials and time, reducing costs, increasing die life and improving the quality of the product. The hom...Cold closed-die forging is a suitable process to produce spur-bevel gears due to its advantages, such as saving materials and time, reducing costs, increasing die life and improving the quality of the product. The homogeneity of microstructure of cold closed-die forged gears can highly affect their service performance. The homogeneity of microstructure and Vickers hardness in cold closed-die forged gear of 20 Cr Mn Ti alloy is comprehensively studied by using optical microscopy and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the distribution homogeneity of the aspect ratio of grain and Vickers hardness is the same. In the circumferential direction of the gear tooth, the distribution of the aspect ratio of grain and Vickers hardness is inhomogeneous and they gradually decrease from the surface to the center of the tooth. In the radial direction, the distribution of the aspect ratio of grain and Vickers hardness is inhomogeneous on the surface of the gear tooth; while it is relatively homogeneous in the center of the gear tooth. In the axial direction of the gear tooth, the distribution of the aspect ratio of grain and Vickers hardness is relatively homogeneous from the small-end to the large-end of the gear tooth.展开更多
Aimed at the optimal analysis and processing technology of die cavity of special-shaped products extrusion, by numerical analysis of trigonometric interpolation and Conformal Mapping theory, on the non-circle cross-se...Aimed at the optimal analysis and processing technology of die cavity of special-shaped products extrusion, by numerical analysis of trigonometric interpolation and Conformal Mapping theory, on the non-circle cross-section of special-shaped products, the conformal mapping function can be set up to translate the cross-section region into unit dish region, over numerical finite interpolation points between even and odd. Products extrusion forming can be turned into two-dimension problem, and plastic stream function can be deduced, as well as the mathematical model of the die cavity surface is established based on deferent kinds of vertical curve. By applying Upper-bound Principle, the vertical curves and related parameters of die cavity are optimized. Combining with electrical discharge machining (EDM) process and numerical control (NC) milling machine technology, the optimal processing of die cavity can be realized. Taking ellipse-shaped products as an instance, the optimal analysis and processing of die cavity including extruding experiment are carried out.展开更多
A new forging technique short-hollow--rapid die forging, used in Ti-Al alloys was studied.Compared with conventional method, the new method can improve the crystalline structure properties of theforged piece, reduce t...A new forging technique short-hollow--rapid die forging, used in Ti-Al alloys was studied.Compared with conventional method, the new method can improve the crystalline structure properties of theforged piece, reduce the average forging pressure by 20% to 30%, lessen the thickness deviation by 5 mm,and prolong the service life of the dies by 2 to 4 times.展开更多
This study is subject to the finite element and abd uc tive network method application in the multi-cavity die. In order to select the optimal cooling system parameters to minimize the warp of a die-casting die, t he ...This study is subject to the finite element and abd uc tive network method application in the multi-cavity die. In order to select the optimal cooling system parameters to minimize the warp of a die-casting die, t he Taguchi’s method and the abductive network are used. These methods are appli ed to create an efficient model with functional nodes for the considered problem . Once the cooling system parameters are developed, this network can be used to predict the warp for the die-casting die accurately. A simulated annealing (SA) optimization algorithm with a performance index is then applied to the neur al network for searching the optimal cooling system parameters, and obtain rathe r satisfactory result as compared with the corresponding finite element veri fication.展开更多
Pressing process is a manufacturing method that obtained work piece with certain dimension, shape and capability through die forcing roughcast to produce plastic deformation or separate. This paper focuses on the key ...Pressing process is a manufacturing method that obtained work piece with certain dimension, shape and capability through die forcing roughcast to produce plastic deformation or separate. This paper focuses on the key problems of visualization simulation in pressing die. The final aim is that numerical simulation system can simulate the process of processing forming technique, which can supply some necessary and accurate key parameters for die design. The detail description of mechanical characteristic and key technique of sheet forming technique is discussed. Pressing forming method is one of the most important forming techniques of metal forming, which has special mechanical characteristics. The character of sheet pressing forming is that the deformation of thickness direction is very small in contrast to other directions. The deformation mode of sheet forming mainly has the following kinds: bi-directional stretch, plane stress, stretches, depths extend, bending and counter-bending. The essence of press forming is the transferring course that the transferring region of rough comes to deformation by outside force, which is main researching principle in forming and the transferring field. The analysis of pressing forming course, disclose the feature of stress-strain and their changing rule, then pressing process and forming parameters could be obtained. So the states of force and deformation of transferring region is key to determine character about the varieties of pressing transferring. The paper analyzes these factors, which may influence forming precision in pressing process. In traditional methods, some key parameter such as spring-back, bending radius for die design are calculated by experience formula or select from data table. The paper brings forward the calculation methods of key parameter in the case of drawing finite element method and numerical simulation into pressing die design. In order to calculate the value of key parameters based on data supplied by FEM, a numerical simulation application is finished combined with two descriptions of work piece deformation NURBS and discrete piece. The numerical simulation is programmed on Microsoft Visual C++ with OpenGL as the graphics tool. It establishes numerical simulation program, dynamically simulates the process of sheet pressing figuration, and gets good effects.展开更多
Die casting process is one of the prime options for m anufacturing precisely dimensioned, sharply defined metal parts. The design of d ie casting dies comprises several stages and entails a large amount of time. Tra d...Die casting process is one of the prime options for m anufacturing precisely dimensioned, sharply defined metal parts. The design of d ie casting dies comprises several stages and entails a large amount of time. Tra ditionally, the different stages of the die design were not integrated but exist as separate entities. Moreover, recurring modifications or even redesigns are r equired due to the complexity in achieving an accurate initial die design. As a result, die design is usually time-consuming and costly with respect to resourc es. The die casting industry will greatly benefit if proper application software are developed that integrates the different die design stages and allows editin g of die design as and when needed. Hence it is imperative to create an integrat ed die design system that shortens the die design time. This paper presents a research that establishes a prototype of an integrated die design system. It is developed using the commercial SolidWorks CAD system and n amed DiWorks. The aim of building the system on a commercial CAD system is to ut ilise the resources and features of the CAD system to speed up the die design pr ocess. DiWorks consists of six distinct modules: Project Manager, Cavity Insert Builder, Gating System Constructor, Die Base Designer, Ejector System Constructo r and Standard Components Library. Through these six modules, the die designer c an create a complete die casting die beginning from a product part model. It is a user-friendly system that allows both experienced and novice die designers to easily accomplish the task of die design. The practical goal of this research is twofold: to develop a system that integra tes the die design process and at the same time facilitates the editing of d ie design during or after the course of the design process. The research approac h includes (i) parametric design, (ii) feature-based design (iii) system modeli ng and implementation. Parametric design deals with variable dimensions as contr ol parameters, and it is an efficient tool for creating models based on paramete rs. Parametric design not only increases the design efficiency, but also makes t he updates and modifications of existing designs easier and faster, since these can be achieved by changing the parameters of the parametric model. Feature-bas ed design is used to design a product with features that are functionally define d by attributes and are geometrically represented by a set of parameters. The re sults of this research will aid the automation of the die design process, thus i mproving the efficiency and quality of, and reducing the cost of die design.展开更多
文摘通过超声表面滚压处理制备出具有梯度纳米结构表层的Dievar模具钢试样。在滚压试样和未滚压试样表面进行高能离子注渗(High energy ion implantation,HEII)工艺优化试验,制备出高能离子注渗碳化钨层,并从微观组织结构、成分、硬度和高温摩擦磨损性能等方面研究表面纳米化对于高能离子注渗碳化钨性能的影响。结果表明:与HEII试样相比,USRP+HEII试样的梯度纳米结构表层明显增强了高能离子注渗碳化钨的效果。相对于HEII试样,USRP+HEII试样的表面组织更加致密均匀,其注渗层深度提高了约27%;USRP+HEII试样的表面硬度为944.9 HV,分别较原始母材硬度和HEII试样表面硬度提高了约373%和27%;USRP+HEII试样的平均摩擦因数和体积磨损量在不同温度条件下低于HEII试样,说明USRP+HEII试样具有更加优良的抗高温磨损性能。
基金Project(2007BAE38BO4) supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program
文摘By using the rigid-visco-plasticity finite element method, the welding process of aluminum porthole die extrusion to form a tube was simulated based on Deform-3D software. The welding chamber height （H）, back dimension of die leg （D）, process velocity and initial billet temperature were used in FE simulations so as to determine the conditions in which better longitudinal welding quality can be obtained. According to K criterion, the local welding parameters such as welding pressure, effective stress and welding path length on the welding plane are linked to longitudinal welds quality. Simulation turns out that pressure-to-effective stress ratio （ρ/σ） and welding path length （L） are the key factors affecting the welding quality, Higher welding chamber best and sharper die leg give better welding quality. When H=10 mm and D=0.4 mm, the longitudinal welds have the best quality. Higher process velocity decreases welds quality. The proper velocity is 10 mm/s for this simulation. In a certain range, higher temperature is beneficial to the longitudinal welds. It is found that both 450 and 465℃ can satisfy the requirements of the longitudinal welds.
文摘Die wall lubrication was applied on warm compaction powder metallurgy in hope to reduce the concentration level of the admixed lubricant since lubricant is harmful to the mechanical property of the sintered materials. Iron-based samples were prepared by die wall lubricated warm compaction at 135 ℃ and 175 ℃, using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion as die wall lubricant. A compacting pressure of 700 MPa and 550 MPa were used. The admixed lubricant concentration ranging from 0 to 0.6 wt.% was used in this study. Compared with non-die wall lubricated samples, the die wall lubricated samples have higher green densities. Results show that in addition to the decrease in ejection forces, green density of the compacts increased linearly with the decrease in admixed lubricant content. Mechanical property of the sintered compacts increase sharply when the admixed lubricant concentration reduced to 0.125 wt.% or less. Ejection force data indicated that samples with die wall lubrication show lower ejection forces when compared with samples without die wall lubrication. No scoring was observed in all experiments even for samples contain no admixed lubricant. Our results indicated that under experimental condition used in this study, no matter at which compaction pressure, compaction temperature, graphite and lubricant contents in the powder the die wall lubricated warm compaction would give the highest green density and lowest ejection force. It can be concluded that combination of die wall lubrication and warm compaction can provide P/M products with higher density and better quality. It is a feasible way to produce high performance P/M parts if suitable die wall lubrication system was applied.
基金Project(2006BAF04B06) supported by the National Key Technology R & D Program of ChinaProject(2005AA101B19) supported by the Key Technology R & D Program of Hubei Province, China
文摘The finite element analysis （FEA） software Ansys was employed to study the stress state of the dies of both plane and non-plane parting face structures with uniform interference and the die of plane parting face structure with non-uniform interference. Considering the symmetry of the die, a half gear tooth model of the two-ring assembled die with 2.5 GPa inner pressure was constructed. Four paths were defined to investigate the stress state at the bottom comer of the die where stress concentration was serious. FEA results show that the change of parting face from non-plane to plane can greatly reduce the stress at the teeth tips of the die so that the tip fracture is avoided. The interference structure of the die is the most important influencing factor for the stress concentration at the bottom comer. When non-uniform interference is adopted the first principal stress at the comer on the defined paths of the die is much lower than that with uniform interference. The bottom hole radius is another important influencing factor for the comer stress concentration. The first principal stress at the comer of the plane parting face die with non-uniform interference is reduced from 2.3 to 1.9 GPa when the hole radius increases from 12.5 to 16.0 mm. The optimization of the die structure increases the life of the die from 100 to 6 000 hits.
文摘The phenomena of die wall lubricated warm compaction of non-lubricant admixed iron powders were researched, and its mechanism of densification was discussed. Water atomized powder obtained from the Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation was used. With compacting and sintering, compared with cold compaction, the density of warm compacted samples increases by 0.07 - 0. 22 g/cm^3 at the same pressed pressure. The maximum achievable green density of warm compacted samples is 7.12 g/cm^3 at 120℃, and the maximum sintered density is 7.18 g/cm^3 at 80℃. Compared with cold compaction, the ejection force of warm compaction is smaller; the maximum discrep- ancy is about 7 kN. The warm compacted mechanism of densification of iron powders can be obtained： heating the powder contributes to improving plastic deformation of powder particles, and accelerating the mutual filling and rearrangement of powder particles.
基金Project(51105287)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013M531750)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Cold closed-die forging is a suitable process to produce spur-bevel gears due to its advantages, such as saving materials and time, reducing costs, increasing die life and improving the quality of the product. The homogeneity of microstructure of cold closed-die forged gears can highly affect their service performance. The homogeneity of microstructure and Vickers hardness in cold closed-die forged gear of 20 Cr Mn Ti alloy is comprehensively studied by using optical microscopy and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the distribution homogeneity of the aspect ratio of grain and Vickers hardness is the same. In the circumferential direction of the gear tooth, the distribution of the aspect ratio of grain and Vickers hardness is inhomogeneous and they gradually decrease from the surface to the center of the tooth. In the radial direction, the distribution of the aspect ratio of grain and Vickers hardness is inhomogeneous on the surface of the gear tooth; while it is relatively homogeneous in the center of the gear tooth. In the axial direction of the gear tooth, the distribution of the aspect ratio of grain and Vickers hardness is relatively homogeneous from the small-end to the large-end of the gear tooth.
基金Porject(50075076) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaPorject(2007XM036) supported by Science and Technology of Beijing Jiaotong Uniersity, China
文摘Aimed at the optimal analysis and processing technology of die cavity of special-shaped products extrusion, by numerical analysis of trigonometric interpolation and Conformal Mapping theory, on the non-circle cross-section of special-shaped products, the conformal mapping function can be set up to translate the cross-section region into unit dish region, over numerical finite interpolation points between even and odd. Products extrusion forming can be turned into two-dimension problem, and plastic stream function can be deduced, as well as the mathematical model of the die cavity surface is established based on deferent kinds of vertical curve. By applying Upper-bound Principle, the vertical curves and related parameters of die cavity are optimized. Combining with electrical discharge machining (EDM) process and numerical control (NC) milling machine technology, the optimal processing of die cavity can be realized. Taking ellipse-shaped products as an instance, the optimal analysis and processing of die cavity including extruding experiment are carried out.
文摘A new forging technique short-hollow--rapid die forging, used in Ti-Al alloys was studied.Compared with conventional method, the new method can improve the crystalline structure properties of theforged piece, reduce the average forging pressure by 20% to 30%, lessen the thickness deviation by 5 mm,and prolong the service life of the dies by 2 to 4 times.
文摘This study is subject to the finite element and abd uc tive network method application in the multi-cavity die. In order to select the optimal cooling system parameters to minimize the warp of a die-casting die, t he Taguchi’s method and the abductive network are used. These methods are appli ed to create an efficient model with functional nodes for the considered problem . Once the cooling system parameters are developed, this network can be used to predict the warp for the die-casting die accurately. A simulated annealing (SA) optimization algorithm with a performance index is then applied to the neur al network for searching the optimal cooling system parameters, and obtain rathe r satisfactory result as compared with the corresponding finite element veri fication.
文摘Pressing process is a manufacturing method that obtained work piece with certain dimension, shape and capability through die forcing roughcast to produce plastic deformation or separate. This paper focuses on the key problems of visualization simulation in pressing die. The final aim is that numerical simulation system can simulate the process of processing forming technique, which can supply some necessary and accurate key parameters for die design. The detail description of mechanical characteristic and key technique of sheet forming technique is discussed. Pressing forming method is one of the most important forming techniques of metal forming, which has special mechanical characteristics. The character of sheet pressing forming is that the deformation of thickness direction is very small in contrast to other directions. The deformation mode of sheet forming mainly has the following kinds: bi-directional stretch, plane stress, stretches, depths extend, bending and counter-bending. The essence of press forming is the transferring course that the transferring region of rough comes to deformation by outside force, which is main researching principle in forming and the transferring field. The analysis of pressing forming course, disclose the feature of stress-strain and their changing rule, then pressing process and forming parameters could be obtained. So the states of force and deformation of transferring region is key to determine character about the varieties of pressing transferring. The paper analyzes these factors, which may influence forming precision in pressing process. In traditional methods, some key parameter such as spring-back, bending radius for die design are calculated by experience formula or select from data table. The paper brings forward the calculation methods of key parameter in the case of drawing finite element method and numerical simulation into pressing die design. In order to calculate the value of key parameters based on data supplied by FEM, a numerical simulation application is finished combined with two descriptions of work piece deformation NURBS and discrete piece. The numerical simulation is programmed on Microsoft Visual C++ with OpenGL as the graphics tool. It establishes numerical simulation program, dynamically simulates the process of sheet pressing figuration, and gets good effects.
文摘Die casting process is one of the prime options for m anufacturing precisely dimensioned, sharply defined metal parts. The design of d ie casting dies comprises several stages and entails a large amount of time. Tra ditionally, the different stages of the die design were not integrated but exist as separate entities. Moreover, recurring modifications or even redesigns are r equired due to the complexity in achieving an accurate initial die design. As a result, die design is usually time-consuming and costly with respect to resourc es. The die casting industry will greatly benefit if proper application software are developed that integrates the different die design stages and allows editin g of die design as and when needed. Hence it is imperative to create an integrat ed die design system that shortens the die design time. This paper presents a research that establishes a prototype of an integrated die design system. It is developed using the commercial SolidWorks CAD system and n amed DiWorks. The aim of building the system on a commercial CAD system is to ut ilise the resources and features of the CAD system to speed up the die design pr ocess. DiWorks consists of six distinct modules: Project Manager, Cavity Insert Builder, Gating System Constructor, Die Base Designer, Ejector System Constructo r and Standard Components Library. Through these six modules, the die designer c an create a complete die casting die beginning from a product part model. It is a user-friendly system that allows both experienced and novice die designers to easily accomplish the task of die design. The practical goal of this research is twofold: to develop a system that integra tes the die design process and at the same time facilitates the editing of d ie design during or after the course of the design process. The research approac h includes (i) parametric design, (ii) feature-based design (iii) system modeli ng and implementation. Parametric design deals with variable dimensions as contr ol parameters, and it is an efficient tool for creating models based on paramete rs. Parametric design not only increases the design efficiency, but also makes t he updates and modifications of existing designs easier and faster, since these can be achieved by changing the parameters of the parametric model. Feature-bas ed design is used to design a product with features that are functionally define d by attributes and are geometrically represented by a set of parameters. The re sults of this research will aid the automation of the die design process, thus i mproving the efficiency and quality of, and reducing the cost of die design.
