To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agric...To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station of Chinese Academy Sciences in the Low Plain of the North China Plain,comprising four irrigation treatments:irrigation once at the jointing stage for winter wheat with irrigation water containing salt at fresh water,3,4 and 5 g·L^(–1),and maize irrigation at sowing using fresh water.Manure application was conducted under all irrigation treatments,with treatments without manure application used as controls.The results showed that under long-term irrigation with saline water,the application of manure increased the soil organic matter content,exchangeable potassium,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen content in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 46.8%,117.0%,75.7%,and 45.5%,respectively,compared to treatments without manure application.The application of manure reduced soil bulk density.It also increased the proportion of water-stable aggregates and the abundance of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in the tillage soil layer compared to the controls.Because of the salt contained in the manure,the application of manure had dual effects on soil salt content.During the winter wheat season,manure application increased soil salt content.The salt content was significantly reduced during the summer maize season,owing to the strong salt-leaching effects under manure application,resulting in a smaller difference in salt content between the manure and non-manure treatments.During the summer rainfall season,improvements in soil structure under manure application increased the soil desalination rate for the 1 m top soil layer.The desalination rate for 0–40 cm and 40–100 cm was averagely by 39.1%and 18.9%higher,respectively,under manure application as compared with that under the nomanure treatments.The yield of winter wheat under manure application was 0.12%lower than that of the control,owing to the higher salt content during the winter wheat season.In contrast,the yield of summer maize improved by 3.9%under manure application,owing to the increased soil nutrient content and effective salt leaching.The results of this study indicated that manure application helped maintain the soil physical structure,which is important for the long-term use of saline water.In practice,using manure with a low salt content is suggested to reduce the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on soil properties and achieve sustainable saline water use.展开更多
【目的】水稻灌浆特性是决定产量高低和品质优劣的重要因素,揭示水稻长穗大粒种质(long spikes and large grains, LGS)籽粒灌浆特性,探讨其灌浆参数与产量性状的相关性,为高粒重水稻品种遗传育种提供理论参考。【方法】以6个水稻长穗...【目的】水稻灌浆特性是决定产量高低和品质优劣的重要因素,揭示水稻长穗大粒种质(long spikes and large grains, LGS)籽粒灌浆特性,探讨其灌浆参数与产量性状的相关性,为高粒重水稻品种遗传育种提供理论参考。【方法】以6个水稻长穗大粒种质和优质强恢复系华占为试验材料,测定灌浆期内籽粒干物质积累量及成熟期的产量性状,采用Logistic生长方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合分析,研究长穗大粒种质籽粒灌浆特性及其灌浆参数与产量性状的关系。【结果】长穗大粒种质在整个籽粒发育过程中籽粒干物质积累呈现出“慢—快—慢”的动态变化增长趋势。采用Logistic生长方程对长穗大粒种质籽粒干物质积累均有较好的预测性,长穗大粒种质的起始速率、最大速率、平均速率、达到最大灌浆速率所需时间、有效灌浆期和3个时期的平均速率、积累量均显著高于华占。其中,长穗大粒种质CD-4粒重最大,达最大速率所需时间最长。长穗大粒种质的渐增期平均速率、3个时期的积累量与千粒重的相关系数均为0.97,与每穗粒数的相关系数达到-0.59以上;长穗大粒种质的千粒重、一次枝梗数显著影响其达最大速率时间、活跃灌浆期、有效灌浆期,相关系数均达到±0.49以上。【结论】采用Logistic生长方程能较好地拟合长穗大粒种质籽粒干物质积累过程,水稻长穗大粒种质灌浆速率优于华占,通过提高灌浆速率和延长灌浆期时间来增加生育期内籽粒干物质积累量,从而孕育出高粒重种质。展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1900104)。
文摘To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station of Chinese Academy Sciences in the Low Plain of the North China Plain,comprising four irrigation treatments:irrigation once at the jointing stage for winter wheat with irrigation water containing salt at fresh water,3,4 and 5 g·L^(–1),and maize irrigation at sowing using fresh water.Manure application was conducted under all irrigation treatments,with treatments without manure application used as controls.The results showed that under long-term irrigation with saline water,the application of manure increased the soil organic matter content,exchangeable potassium,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen content in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 46.8%,117.0%,75.7%,and 45.5%,respectively,compared to treatments without manure application.The application of manure reduced soil bulk density.It also increased the proportion of water-stable aggregates and the abundance of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in the tillage soil layer compared to the controls.Because of the salt contained in the manure,the application of manure had dual effects on soil salt content.During the winter wheat season,manure application increased soil salt content.The salt content was significantly reduced during the summer maize season,owing to the strong salt-leaching effects under manure application,resulting in a smaller difference in salt content between the manure and non-manure treatments.During the summer rainfall season,improvements in soil structure under manure application increased the soil desalination rate for the 1 m top soil layer.The desalination rate for 0–40 cm and 40–100 cm was averagely by 39.1%and 18.9%higher,respectively,under manure application as compared with that under the nomanure treatments.The yield of winter wheat under manure application was 0.12%lower than that of the control,owing to the higher salt content during the winter wheat season.In contrast,the yield of summer maize improved by 3.9%under manure application,owing to the increased soil nutrient content and effective salt leaching.The results of this study indicated that manure application helped maintain the soil physical structure,which is important for the long-term use of saline water.In practice,using manure with a low salt content is suggested to reduce the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on soil properties and achieve sustainable saline water use.
文摘【目的】水稻灌浆特性是决定产量高低和品质优劣的重要因素,揭示水稻长穗大粒种质(long spikes and large grains, LGS)籽粒灌浆特性,探讨其灌浆参数与产量性状的相关性,为高粒重水稻品种遗传育种提供理论参考。【方法】以6个水稻长穗大粒种质和优质强恢复系华占为试验材料,测定灌浆期内籽粒干物质积累量及成熟期的产量性状,采用Logistic生长方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合分析,研究长穗大粒种质籽粒灌浆特性及其灌浆参数与产量性状的关系。【结果】长穗大粒种质在整个籽粒发育过程中籽粒干物质积累呈现出“慢—快—慢”的动态变化增长趋势。采用Logistic生长方程对长穗大粒种质籽粒干物质积累均有较好的预测性,长穗大粒种质的起始速率、最大速率、平均速率、达到最大灌浆速率所需时间、有效灌浆期和3个时期的平均速率、积累量均显著高于华占。其中,长穗大粒种质CD-4粒重最大,达最大速率所需时间最长。长穗大粒种质的渐增期平均速率、3个时期的积累量与千粒重的相关系数均为0.97,与每穗粒数的相关系数达到-0.59以上;长穗大粒种质的千粒重、一次枝梗数显著影响其达最大速率时间、活跃灌浆期、有效灌浆期,相关系数均达到±0.49以上。【结论】采用Logistic生长方程能较好地拟合长穗大粒种质籽粒干物质积累过程,水稻长穗大粒种质灌浆速率优于华占,通过提高灌浆速率和延长灌浆期时间来增加生育期内籽粒干物质积累量,从而孕育出高粒重种质。
