The applicability of sequence stratigraphic models to continental fluvial successions has long been topic for debate. To improve our understanding of how fluvial architectures record responses to changes in the ratio ...The applicability of sequence stratigraphic models to continental fluvial successions has long been topic for debate. To improve our understanding of how fluvial architectures record responses to changes in the ratio between accommodation rate and sediment-supply rate (A/S), two case studies are analyzed, including a densely drilled subsurface fluvial reservoir imaged with a seismic cube, and an outcropping fluvial succession. The subsurface dataset provides a larger, three-dimensional perspective, whereas the outcrop dataset enables observation at higher resolution. On the basis of both datasets, channel-body density, channel-body stacking patterns and their formative river types are interpreted at different scales, and how these may reflect responses to A/S change (the rate of accommodation creation relative to the rate of sediment supply) are discussed. The results indicate that (i) channel-body stacking patterns undergo four evolutionary stages along with the A/S increase, i.e., multi-story, mixed multi- and two-story, two-story, and isolated patterns;(ii) channel-body density decreases along with the channel-body stacking patterns varying from multi-story to isolated;(iii) formative rivers types are interpreted as evolving from braided planforms to braided-meandering planforms and then to meandering ones, with the increase of A/S.展开更多
The uneven spatial distribution of stations providing precipitable water vapor(PWV)observations in China hinders the effective use of these data in assimilation,nowcasting,and prediction.In this study,we proposed a co...The uneven spatial distribution of stations providing precipitable water vapor(PWV)observations in China hinders the effective use of these data in assimilation,nowcasting,and prediction.In this study,we proposed a complex network framework for exploring the topological structure and the collective behavior of PWV in the mainland of China.We used the Pearson correlation coefficient and transfer entropy to measure the linear and nonlinear relationships of PWV amongst different stations and to set up the undirected and directed complex networks,respectively.Our findings revealed the statistical and geographical distribution of the variables influencing PWV networks and identified the vapor information source and sink stations.Specifically,the findings showed that the statistical and spatial distributions of the undirected and directed complex vapor networks in terms of degree and distance were similar to each other(the common interaction mode for vapor stations and their locations).The betweenness results displayed different features.The largest betweenness ratio for directed networks tended to be larger than that of the undirected networks,implying that the transfer of directed PWV networks was more efficient than that of the undirected networks.The findings of this study are heuristic and will be useful for constructing the best strategy for the PWV data in applications such as vapor observational networks design and precipitation prediction.展开更多
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(No.42202109,42272186)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation1(BX20220351,2022M713458)+2 种基金the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,China(2021DJ1101)the Cooperation Project of the PetroChina Corporation(ZLZX2020-02)Anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments,which helped improve the paper.Additionally,associate professor Luca Colombera is thanked for his suggestions and language polishing work.
文摘The applicability of sequence stratigraphic models to continental fluvial successions has long been topic for debate. To improve our understanding of how fluvial architectures record responses to changes in the ratio between accommodation rate and sediment-supply rate (A/S), two case studies are analyzed, including a densely drilled subsurface fluvial reservoir imaged with a seismic cube, and an outcropping fluvial succession. The subsurface dataset provides a larger, three-dimensional perspective, whereas the outcrop dataset enables observation at higher resolution. On the basis of both datasets, channel-body density, channel-body stacking patterns and their formative river types are interpreted at different scales, and how these may reflect responses to A/S change (the rate of accommodation creation relative to the rate of sediment supply) are discussed. The results indicate that (i) channel-body stacking patterns undergo four evolutionary stages along with the A/S increase, i.e., multi-story, mixed multi- and two-story, two-story, and isolated patterns;(ii) channel-body density decreases along with the channel-body stacking patterns varying from multi-story to isolated;(iii) formative rivers types are interpreted as evolving from braided planforms to braided-meandering planforms and then to meandering ones, with the increase of A/S.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41775081,41975100,41901016,and 41875100)the Innovation Project of the China Meteorological Administration(Grant No.CXFZ2021Z034)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1507702)。
文摘The uneven spatial distribution of stations providing precipitable water vapor(PWV)observations in China hinders the effective use of these data in assimilation,nowcasting,and prediction.In this study,we proposed a complex network framework for exploring the topological structure and the collective behavior of PWV in the mainland of China.We used the Pearson correlation coefficient and transfer entropy to measure the linear and nonlinear relationships of PWV amongst different stations and to set up the undirected and directed complex networks,respectively.Our findings revealed the statistical and geographical distribution of the variables influencing PWV networks and identified the vapor information source and sink stations.Specifically,the findings showed that the statistical and spatial distributions of the undirected and directed complex vapor networks in terms of degree and distance were similar to each other(the common interaction mode for vapor stations and their locations).The betweenness results displayed different features.The largest betweenness ratio for directed networks tended to be larger than that of the undirected networks,implying that the transfer of directed PWV networks was more efficient than that of the undirected networks.The findings of this study are heuristic and will be useful for constructing the best strategy for the PWV data in applications such as vapor observational networks design and precipitation prediction.
