As global oil exploration ventures into deeper and more complex territories,drilling bit wear and damage have emerged as significant constraints on drilling efficiency and safety.Despite the publication of official bi...As global oil exploration ventures into deeper and more complex territories,drilling bit wear and damage have emerged as significant constraints on drilling efficiency and safety.Despite the publication of official bit wear evaluation standards by the International Association of Drill Contractors(IADC),the current lack of quantitative and scientific evaluation techniques means that bit wear assessments rely heavily on engineers'experience.Consequently,forming a standardized database of drilling bit information to underpin the mechanisms of bit wear and facilitate optimal design remains challenging.Therefore,an efficient and quantitative evaluation of bit wear is crucial for optimizing bit performance and improving penetration efficiency.This paper introduces an automatic standard workflow for the quantitative evaluation of bit wear and the design of a comprehensive bit information database.Initially,a method for acquiring images of worn bits at the drilling site was developed.Subsequently,the wear classification and grading models based on computer vision were established to determine bit status.The wear classification model focuses on the positioning and classification of bit cutters,while the wear grading model quantifies the extent of bit wear.After that,the automatic evaluation method of the bit wear is realized.Additionally,bit wear evaluation software was designed,integrating all necessary functions to assess bit wear in accordance with IADC standards.Finally,a drilling bit database was created by integrating bit wear data,logging data,mud-logging data,and basic drilling bit data.This workflow represents a novel approach to collecting and analyzing drilling bit information at drilling sites.It holds potential to facilitate the creation of a large-scale information database for the entire lifecycle of drilling bits,marking the inception of intelligent analysis,design,and manufacture of drilling bits,thereby enhancing performance in challenging drilling conditions.展开更多
Hole cleaning is a complex process as there are many variables affecting cuttings removal(e.g.drilling fluid type,density,flow rate and rheological properties,cuttings size,drill pipe rotation speed).With the increasi...Hole cleaning is a complex process as there are many variables affecting cuttings removal(e.g.drilling fluid type,density,flow rate and rheological properties,cuttings size,drill pipe rotation speed).With the increasing number of drilling small diameter wells(e.g.coiled tubing drilling applications,ultra-deep wells drilled for exploitations of unconventional oil and gas resources),the wall resistance of the micro annulus also emerges as one of the most critical factors affecting the cuttings accumulation in wellbore.The eccentricity of drill pipes commonly observed during the drilling process of ultra-deep well and coiled tubing well makes the wall resistance effect on the cuttings transport even more prominent.Understanding the wall resistance effect on the particle settling behavior in eccentric annuli is,therefore,crucial for hydraulic design of efficient cuttings transport operations in these wells.In this study,a total of 196 sets of particle settling experiments were carried out to investigate the particle settling behavior in eccentric annuli filled with power-law fluids.The test matrix included the eccentricity ranges of 0-0.80,the dimensionless diameter ranges of 0.13-0.75 and the particle Reynolds number ranges of 0.09-32.34.A high-speed camera was used to record the particle settling process and determine the influences of the eccentricity,the dimensionless diameter,the fluid rheological properties,and the solid particle characteristics on the wall factor and the particle settling velocity.The functional relationship among the dimensionless diameter,the particle Reynolds number,and the wall factor was determined by using the method of controlling variables.An eccentric annulus wall factor model with average relative error of 5.16%was established.Moreover,by introducing Archimedes number,an explicit model of particle settling velocity in the eccentric annulus with average relative error of 10.17%was established.A sample calculation of particle settling velocity was provided to show the application of the explicit model.Results of this study can be used as a guideline by field engineers to improve hydraulic design of cuttings transport operations in concentric and eccentric annuli.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFA0708300)the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(ZLZX 2020-03)+1 种基金the CNPC Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.2022DO02-0308)the Distinguished Young Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52125401)for their financial support。
文摘As global oil exploration ventures into deeper and more complex territories,drilling bit wear and damage have emerged as significant constraints on drilling efficiency and safety.Despite the publication of official bit wear evaluation standards by the International Association of Drill Contractors(IADC),the current lack of quantitative and scientific evaluation techniques means that bit wear assessments rely heavily on engineers'experience.Consequently,forming a standardized database of drilling bit information to underpin the mechanisms of bit wear and facilitate optimal design remains challenging.Therefore,an efficient and quantitative evaluation of bit wear is crucial for optimizing bit performance and improving penetration efficiency.This paper introduces an automatic standard workflow for the quantitative evaluation of bit wear and the design of a comprehensive bit information database.Initially,a method for acquiring images of worn bits at the drilling site was developed.Subsequently,the wear classification and grading models based on computer vision were established to determine bit status.The wear classification model focuses on the positioning and classification of bit cutters,while the wear grading model quantifies the extent of bit wear.After that,the automatic evaluation method of the bit wear is realized.Additionally,bit wear evaluation software was designed,integrating all necessary functions to assess bit wear in accordance with IADC standards.Finally,a drilling bit database was created by integrating bit wear data,logging data,mud-logging data,and basic drilling bit data.This workflow represents a novel approach to collecting and analyzing drilling bit information at drilling sites.It holds potential to facilitate the creation of a large-scale information database for the entire lifecycle of drilling bits,marking the inception of intelligent analysis,design,and manufacture of drilling bits,thereby enhancing performance in challenging drilling conditions.
基金the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(ZLZX2020-03)China Scholarship Council(201906440166)for their financial supportfinancial support provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC RGPIN-2016-04647 KURU)。
文摘Hole cleaning is a complex process as there are many variables affecting cuttings removal(e.g.drilling fluid type,density,flow rate and rheological properties,cuttings size,drill pipe rotation speed).With the increasing number of drilling small diameter wells(e.g.coiled tubing drilling applications,ultra-deep wells drilled for exploitations of unconventional oil and gas resources),the wall resistance of the micro annulus also emerges as one of the most critical factors affecting the cuttings accumulation in wellbore.The eccentricity of drill pipes commonly observed during the drilling process of ultra-deep well and coiled tubing well makes the wall resistance effect on the cuttings transport even more prominent.Understanding the wall resistance effect on the particle settling behavior in eccentric annuli is,therefore,crucial for hydraulic design of efficient cuttings transport operations in these wells.In this study,a total of 196 sets of particle settling experiments were carried out to investigate the particle settling behavior in eccentric annuli filled with power-law fluids.The test matrix included the eccentricity ranges of 0-0.80,the dimensionless diameter ranges of 0.13-0.75 and the particle Reynolds number ranges of 0.09-32.34.A high-speed camera was used to record the particle settling process and determine the influences of the eccentricity,the dimensionless diameter,the fluid rheological properties,and the solid particle characteristics on the wall factor and the particle settling velocity.The functional relationship among the dimensionless diameter,the particle Reynolds number,and the wall factor was determined by using the method of controlling variables.An eccentric annulus wall factor model with average relative error of 5.16%was established.Moreover,by introducing Archimedes number,an explicit model of particle settling velocity in the eccentric annulus with average relative error of 10.17%was established.A sample calculation of particle settling velocity was provided to show the application of the explicit model.Results of this study can be used as a guideline by field engineers to improve hydraulic design of cuttings transport operations in concentric and eccentric annuli.
