Lithium-air batteries(LABs)are regarded as a next-generation energy storage option due to their relatively high energy density.The cyclic stability and lifespan of LABs are mainly influenced by the formation and decom...Lithium-air batteries(LABs)are regarded as a next-generation energy storage option due to their relatively high energy density.The cyclic stability and lifespan of LABs are mainly influenced by the formation and decomposition of lithium-based oxides at the air cathode,which not only lead to a low cathode catalytic efficiency but also restrict the electrochemical reversibility and cause side reaction problems.Carbon materials are considered key to solving these problems due to their conductivity,functional flexibility,and adjustable pore structure.This paper considers the research progress on carbon materials as air cathode catalytic materials for LABs,focusing on their structural characteristics,electrochemical behavior,and reaction mechanisms.Besides being used as air cathodes,carbon materials also show potential for being used as protective layers for metal anodes or as anode materials for LABs.展开更多
利用磷酸二氢铵、过磷酸钙、羟基磷灰石与腐殖酸单独以及复配施用对模拟铅(Pb)污染农田土壤进行钝化处理,采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)浸提法、生物可利用性提取(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)评价Pb污染土壤的钝化效果...利用磷酸二氢铵、过磷酸钙、羟基磷灰石与腐殖酸单独以及复配施用对模拟铅(Pb)污染农田土壤进行钝化处理,采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)浸提法、生物可利用性提取(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)评价Pb污染土壤的钝化效果,并通过BCR形态分级实验研究钝化前后土壤Pb形态的变化,探讨不同钝化剂的修复机理.结果表明,施用不同的钝化剂均能降低土壤EDTA和PBET提取态Pb的质量分数,腐殖酸与磷酸盐复配施用的效果优于单一钝化剂处理,腐殖酸与羟基磷灰石(P/Pb物质的量比为2.4)复配施用时效果最明显,土壤EDTA和PBET提取态Pb的质量分数分别降低了29.7%、18.1%;BCR形态分级实验表明,添加钝化剂可有效减少土壤活性较高的弱酸提取态Pb的含量,增加活性较低的残渣态Pb含量,与单一钝化剂处理相比,腐殖酸和磷酸盐复配施用效果更好,尤其是与难溶性的羟基磷灰石复配施用效果最显著.展开更多
文摘Lithium-air batteries(LABs)are regarded as a next-generation energy storage option due to their relatively high energy density.The cyclic stability and lifespan of LABs are mainly influenced by the formation and decomposition of lithium-based oxides at the air cathode,which not only lead to a low cathode catalytic efficiency but also restrict the electrochemical reversibility and cause side reaction problems.Carbon materials are considered key to solving these problems due to their conductivity,functional flexibility,and adjustable pore structure.This paper considers the research progress on carbon materials as air cathode catalytic materials for LABs,focusing on their structural characteristics,electrochemical behavior,and reaction mechanisms.Besides being used as air cathodes,carbon materials also show potential for being used as protective layers for metal anodes or as anode materials for LABs.
文摘利用磷酸二氢铵、过磷酸钙、羟基磷灰石与腐殖酸单独以及复配施用对模拟铅(Pb)污染农田土壤进行钝化处理,采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)浸提法、生物可利用性提取(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)评价Pb污染土壤的钝化效果,并通过BCR形态分级实验研究钝化前后土壤Pb形态的变化,探讨不同钝化剂的修复机理.结果表明,施用不同的钝化剂均能降低土壤EDTA和PBET提取态Pb的质量分数,腐殖酸与磷酸盐复配施用的效果优于单一钝化剂处理,腐殖酸与羟基磷灰石(P/Pb物质的量比为2.4)复配施用时效果最明显,土壤EDTA和PBET提取态Pb的质量分数分别降低了29.7%、18.1%;BCR形态分级实验表明,添加钝化剂可有效减少土壤活性较高的弱酸提取态Pb的含量,增加活性较低的残渣态Pb含量,与单一钝化剂处理相比,腐殖酸和磷酸盐复配施用效果更好,尤其是与难溶性的羟基磷灰石复配施用效果最显著.
