WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区...WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区域,选取5种云微物理参数化方案、2种陆面过程参数化方案和3种积云对流参数化方案共30种方案组合对该地区4场不同降雨中心落区的典型强降雨过程进行模拟,并以实测站点数据和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)降水数据产品为参考,采用TS评分、空报率、漏报率、准确率、平均绝对误差以及均方根误差作为评价指标,充分考虑各指标的不同影响,运用基于熵权的密切值法对降雨模拟结果进行综合评价。结果表明,WRF模式中云微物理WSM3(WRF Single-Moment 3-class)方案,陆面过程Noah(Noah Land Surface Model)方案和积云对流Grell-D(GrellDevenyi Ensemble)方案的参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果较好,在该参数化方案组合下,WRF模拟的24 h日面雨量平均值的模拟结果与实测资料基本一致,模拟得到的四场典型降雨的24 h面降雨中心和降雨量级分布带均与实际降雨较为接近,大部分地区的模拟误差小于10 mm,且对小雨和中雨的模拟效果更好,此外WRF模拟降雨精度会受地形变化的影响,地形起伏加剧会降低降雨模拟精度,西南山区降雨模拟精度稍低于东北平原地区。研究结果可为流域水文预报提供重要参考。展开更多
Difluorooxymethylene-bridged(CF2O)liquid crystal(LC)with low viscosity is prepared and used as a fast response LC material.When the material is mixed with isothiocyanato LCs with high birefringence,the visco−elastic c...Difluorooxymethylene-bridged(CF2O)liquid crystal(LC)with low viscosity is prepared and used as a fast response LC material.When the material is mixed with isothiocyanato LCs with high birefringence,the visco−elastic coefficient of the mixture decreases evidently and,accordingly,the response performance increases.While the concentration of CF2O LCs is about 7%,the LC mixture approximately maintains high birefringence and exhibits a fastest response performance that is 14%higher than that of pure isothiocyanato LCs.Therefore,the LC material and mixing method could find useful applications in optical devices.展开更多
A wedge liquid crystal(LC)cell is designed and manufactured,and a dye-doping cholesteric LC laser formed by mutual diffusion of the cholesteric LC with different pitches.A laser that is tunable in the 558–624 nm rang...A wedge liquid crystal(LC)cell is designed and manufactured,and a dye-doping cholesteric LC laser formed by mutual diffusion of the cholesteric LC with different pitches.A laser that is tunable in the 558–624 nm range is obtained under moderate optical pumping,with a tuning range of 66 nm and a laser spectral tuning resolution of 1 nm,so as to achieve the spatial position of a wide range of tunable lasers.The laser threshold varies at different positions in the device,and the lasing thresholds of the dye-doping cholesteric LC cell at 40 and 9μm are 18 and 25μJ/pulse,respectively.The density of the photonic states is simulated in the experimental sample,and the result is in good agreement with the photonic band gap in our experiment,which not only explains the low-threshold laser at the band gap edge,but also predicts the experiment.展开更多
文摘WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区域,选取5种云微物理参数化方案、2种陆面过程参数化方案和3种积云对流参数化方案共30种方案组合对该地区4场不同降雨中心落区的典型强降雨过程进行模拟,并以实测站点数据和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)降水数据产品为参考,采用TS评分、空报率、漏报率、准确率、平均绝对误差以及均方根误差作为评价指标,充分考虑各指标的不同影响,运用基于熵权的密切值法对降雨模拟结果进行综合评价。结果表明,WRF模式中云微物理WSM3(WRF Single-Moment 3-class)方案,陆面过程Noah(Noah Land Surface Model)方案和积云对流Grell-D(GrellDevenyi Ensemble)方案的参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果较好,在该参数化方案组合下,WRF模拟的24 h日面雨量平均值的模拟结果与实测资料基本一致,模拟得到的四场典型降雨的24 h面降雨中心和降雨量级分布带均与实际降雨较为接近,大部分地区的模拟误差小于10 mm,且对小雨和中雨的模拟效果更好,此外WRF模拟降雨精度会受地形变化的影响,地形起伏加剧会降低降雨模拟精度,西南山区降雨模拟精度稍低于东北平原地区。研究结果可为流域水文预报提供重要参考。
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 50703039 and 60736042.
文摘Difluorooxymethylene-bridged(CF2O)liquid crystal(LC)with low viscosity is prepared and used as a fast response LC material.When the material is mixed with isothiocyanato LCs with high birefringence,the visco−elastic coefficient of the mixture decreases evidently and,accordingly,the response performance increases.While the concentration of CF2O LCs is about 7%,the LC mixture approximately maintains high birefringence and exhibits a fastest response performance that is 14%higher than that of pure isothiocyanato LCs.Therefore,the LC material and mixing method could find useful applications in optical devices.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 60777011the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province under Grant No L2010465Technology Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province under Grant No L2012070.
文摘A wedge liquid crystal(LC)cell is designed and manufactured,and a dye-doping cholesteric LC laser formed by mutual diffusion of the cholesteric LC with different pitches.A laser that is tunable in the 558–624 nm range is obtained under moderate optical pumping,with a tuning range of 66 nm and a laser spectral tuning resolution of 1 nm,so as to achieve the spatial position of a wide range of tunable lasers.The laser threshold varies at different positions in the device,and the lasing thresholds of the dye-doping cholesteric LC cell at 40 and 9μm are 18 and 25μJ/pulse,respectively.The density of the photonic states is simulated in the experimental sample,and the result is in good agreement with the photonic band gap in our experiment,which not only explains the low-threshold laser at the band gap edge,but also predicts the experiment.
