This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
以节能减排调度为研究框架,针对风电出力的随机性,采用自回归滑动平均模型(auto-regressive and moving average,ARMA)生成大量风速场景,并基于场景削减技术得到具有代表性的典型风速;针对电动汽车入网的不确定性,采用随机概率抽样的电...以节能减排调度为研究框架,针对风电出力的随机性,采用自回归滑动平均模型(auto-regressive and moving average,ARMA)生成大量风速场景,并基于场景削减技术得到具有代表性的典型风速;针对电动汽车入网的不确定性,采用随机概率抽样的电动汽车集群模型,最终建立风-车互动接入的多目标电力调度动态模型。以CPLEX作为求解工具,采用模糊两阶段规划方法求解折衷规划结果。通过不同场景、不同电动汽车规模等算例,分析风电及电动汽车接入电网的调度策略及优化结果,验证所提模型及相关调度策略在改善电网运行经济性、降低污染气体排放方面的优势。展开更多
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
文摘以节能减排调度为研究框架,针对风电出力的随机性,采用自回归滑动平均模型(auto-regressive and moving average,ARMA)生成大量风速场景,并基于场景削减技术得到具有代表性的典型风速;针对电动汽车入网的不确定性,采用随机概率抽样的电动汽车集群模型,最终建立风-车互动接入的多目标电力调度动态模型。以CPLEX作为求解工具,采用模糊两阶段规划方法求解折衷规划结果。通过不同场景、不同电动汽车规模等算例,分析风电及电动汽车接入电网的调度策略及优化结果,验证所提模型及相关调度策略在改善电网运行经济性、降低污染气体排放方面的优势。
