Scattering experiments become increasingly popular in modern scientific research,including the areas of materials,biology,chemistry,physics,etc.Besides,various types of scattering facilities have been developed recent...Scattering experiments become increasingly popular in modern scientific research,including the areas of materials,biology,chemistry,physics,etc.Besides,various types of scattering facilities have been developed recently,such as labbased x-ray scattering equipment,national synchrotron facilities and large neutron facilities.These above-mentioned trends bring up fast-increasing data amounts of scattering data,as well as different scattering types(x-ray,neutron,laser and even microwaves).To help researchers process and analyze scattering data more efficiently,we developed a general and model-free scattering data analysis software based on matrix operation,which has the unique advantage of high throughput scattering data processing,analysis and visualization.To maximize generality and efficiency,data processing is performed based on a three-dimensional matrix,where scattering curves are saved as matrices or vectors,rather than the traditional definition of paired values.It can not only realize image batch processing,background subtraction and correction,but also analyze data according to scattering theory and model,such as radius of gyration,fractal dimension and other physical quantities.In the aspect of visualization,the software allows the modify the color maps of two-dimensional scattering images and the gradual color variation of one-dimensional curves to suit efficient data communications.In all,this new software can work as a stand-alone platform for researchers to process,analyze and visualize scattering data from different research facilities without considering different file types or formats.All codes in this manuscript are open-sourced and can be easily implemented in matrix-based software,such as MATLAB,Python and Igor.展开更多
Typically,conjugated polymers are composed of conjugated backbones and alkyl side chains.In this contribution,a cost-effective strategy of tailoring the length of alkyl side chain is utilized to design highperforming ...Typically,conjugated polymers are composed of conjugated backbones and alkyl side chains.In this contribution,a cost-effective strategy of tailoring the length of alkyl side chain is utilized to design highperforming thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione(TPD)-based large bandgap polymer donors PBDT-BiTPD(Cχ)(χ=48,52,56),in which x represents the alkyl side chain length in term of the total carbon number.A combination of light absorption,device,and morphology examinations make clear that the shorter alkyl side chains yield(i) higher crystallinity and more predominant face-on crystallite orientation in their neat and BHJ blend films,(ii) higher charge mobilities(6.7×10^(-4) cm~2 V^(-1) s^(-1) for C48 vs.3.2×10^(-4) cm~2 V^(-1) s^(-1) for C56),and negligible charge recombination,consequently,(iii) significantly improved fill-factor(FF) and short current(J_(SC)),while almost the same open circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of ca.0.82 V in their corresponding BHJ devices.In parallel,as alkyl side chain lengths decrease from C56 to C48,power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) increased from 7.8% for C56 to 11.1% for C52,and further to14.1% for C48 in their BHJ solar cells made with a narrow bandgap non-fullerene acceptor Y6.This systematic study declares that shortening the side chain,if providing appropriate solubility in device solution processing solvents,is of essential significance for developing high-performing polymer donors and further improving device photovoltaic performance.展开更多
基金Project supported by School Project Cultivation Fund(Grant No.WK2310000101)。
文摘Scattering experiments become increasingly popular in modern scientific research,including the areas of materials,biology,chemistry,physics,etc.Besides,various types of scattering facilities have been developed recently,such as labbased x-ray scattering equipment,national synchrotron facilities and large neutron facilities.These above-mentioned trends bring up fast-increasing data amounts of scattering data,as well as different scattering types(x-ray,neutron,laser and even microwaves).To help researchers process and analyze scattering data more efficiently,we developed a general and model-free scattering data analysis software based on matrix operation,which has the unique advantage of high throughput scattering data processing,analysis and visualization.To maximize generality and efficiency,data processing is performed based on a three-dimensional matrix,where scattering curves are saved as matrices or vectors,rather than the traditional definition of paired values.It can not only realize image batch processing,background subtraction and correction,but also analyze data according to scattering theory and model,such as radius of gyration,fractal dimension and other physical quantities.In the aspect of visualization,the software allows the modify the color maps of two-dimensional scattering images and the gradual color variation of one-dimensional curves to suit efficient data communications.In all,this new software can work as a stand-alone platform for researchers to process,analyze and visualize scattering data from different research facilities without considering different file types or formats.All codes in this manuscript are open-sourced and can be easily implemented in matrix-based software,such as MATLAB,Python and Igor.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21805097, 21671071)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2019B030302007)+2 种基金the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 2019A1515012137, 2016A030310428)the Guangdong Applied Science and Technology Planning Project (Nos. 2015B010135009, and 2017B090917002)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Foundation (No. 201904010361)。
文摘Typically,conjugated polymers are composed of conjugated backbones and alkyl side chains.In this contribution,a cost-effective strategy of tailoring the length of alkyl side chain is utilized to design highperforming thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione(TPD)-based large bandgap polymer donors PBDT-BiTPD(Cχ)(χ=48,52,56),in which x represents the alkyl side chain length in term of the total carbon number.A combination of light absorption,device,and morphology examinations make clear that the shorter alkyl side chains yield(i) higher crystallinity and more predominant face-on crystallite orientation in their neat and BHJ blend films,(ii) higher charge mobilities(6.7×10^(-4) cm~2 V^(-1) s^(-1) for C48 vs.3.2×10^(-4) cm~2 V^(-1) s^(-1) for C56),and negligible charge recombination,consequently,(iii) significantly improved fill-factor(FF) and short current(J_(SC)),while almost the same open circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of ca.0.82 V in their corresponding BHJ devices.In parallel,as alkyl side chain lengths decrease from C56 to C48,power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) increased from 7.8% for C56 to 11.1% for C52,and further to14.1% for C48 in their BHJ solar cells made with a narrow bandgap non-fullerene acceptor Y6.This systematic study declares that shortening the side chain,if providing appropriate solubility in device solution processing solvents,is of essential significance for developing high-performing polymer donors and further improving device photovoltaic performance.
