位移监控模型需要对拱坝变形性态兼具良好的解释和预测能力。水压-滞后-周期性温度-时效四因子HHST(Hydraulic,Hysteretic,Seasonal and Time)模型能够合理地解释锦屏一级拱坝的黏弹性滞后变形性态。为进一步提升该模型的预测精度,使用...位移监控模型需要对拱坝变形性态兼具良好的解释和预测能力。水压-滞后-周期性温度-时效四因子HHST(Hydraulic,Hysteretic,Seasonal and Time)模型能够合理地解释锦屏一级拱坝的黏弹性滞后变形性态。为进一步提升该模型的预测精度,使用支持向量机(SVM)建立有限元计算所得拱坝黏弹性滞后位移与其因果因子之间的隐式关系,再将其融入到HHST模型中,进而基于多元线性回归建立拱坝位移的组合监控模型。以锦屏一级拱坝为例,减少输入因子数的组合模型的预测精度明显高于直接以HHST模型中18个因子作为输入的单一模型;SVM对滞后水压位移分量的预测精度明显高于基于约束最小二乘法的线性回归模型,采用2种滞后水压分量所建组合模型对拱坝变形性态具有相近的解释能力,而采用SVM滞后水压分量建立的组合模型可有效地提高拱坝位移的预测精度,多测点均方误差(MSE)平均降低21.67%,决定系数R2整体提高0.07%。展开更多
非甲烷总烃(non-methane total hydrocarbons,NMHCs)作为挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的重要组成部分,具有强烈的光化学活性,在一定程度上可以反映城市环境空气VOCs的总体污染情况。为研究烟台市区NMHCs特征,在深入探...非甲烷总烃(non-methane total hydrocarbons,NMHCs)作为挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的重要组成部分,具有强烈的光化学活性,在一定程度上可以反映城市环境空气VOCs的总体污染情况。为研究烟台市区NMHCs特征,在深入探讨2021年烟台市芝罘区NMHCs日浓度随时间变化特征的基础上,系统分析了NMHCs浓度时空分布特征以及不同气象要素对NMHCs浓度的影响。结果表明:甲烷日浓度数值稳定,NMHCs(以碳计)日均浓度年度变化呈典型单峰型,高浓度值出现在5—7月。春、夏两季NMHCs浓度约为秋、冬两季浓度2.5倍,具有明显的季节特征。NMHCs浓度与日均温度、相对湿度、气压呈现较高相关性,首次考察了日均温度和相对湿度对NMHCs浓度的综合影响。风向、风速对局部地区NMHCs的扩散补充具有很大的影响。各因素对NMHCs浓度的影响为气压>相对湿度>气温。在周五至周一、高日均温度、低相对湿度、低气压等情况下易出现相对较高浓度NMHCs。通过本研究可以达到对城市环境空气NMHCs浓度时空分布特征的初步了解,为进一步开展大气污染物防治工作奠定基础。展开更多
Metasurfaces in the long wave infrared(LWIR)spectrum hold great potential for applications in ther-mal imaging,atmospheric remote sensing,and target identification,among others.In this study,we designed and experiment...Metasurfaces in the long wave infrared(LWIR)spectrum hold great potential for applications in ther-mal imaging,atmospheric remote sensing,and target identification,among others.In this study,we designed and experimentally demonstrated a 4 mm size,all-silicon metasurface metalens with large depth of focus opera-tional across a broadband range from 9µm to 11.5µm.The experimental results confirm effective focusing and imaging capabilities of the metalens in LWIR region,thus paving the way for practical LWIR applications of met-alens technology.展开更多
To study the influence of construction interfaces on dynamic characteristics of roller compacted concrete dams(RCCDs),mechanical properties of construction interfaces are firstly analyzed. Then, the viscous-spring art...To study the influence of construction interfaces on dynamic characteristics of roller compacted concrete dams(RCCDs),mechanical properties of construction interfaces are firstly analyzed. Then, the viscous-spring artificial boundary(VSAB) is adopted to simulate the radiation damping of their infinite foundations, and based on the Marc software, a simplified seismic motion input method is presented by the equivalent nodal loads. Finally, based on the practical engineering of a RCC gravity dam, effects of radiation damping and construction interfaces on the dynamic characteristics of dams are investigated in detail. Analysis results show that dynamic response of the RCC gravity dam significantly reduces about 25% when the radiation damping of infinite foundation is considered. Hot interfaces and the normal cold interfaces have little influence on the dynamic response of the RCC gravity dam.However, nonlinear fracture along the cold interfaces at the dam heel will occur under the designed earthquake if the cold interfaces are combined poorly. Therefore, to avoid the fractures along the construction interfaces under the potential super earthquakes,combination quality of the RCC layers should be significantly ensured.展开更多
文摘位移监控模型需要对拱坝变形性态兼具良好的解释和预测能力。水压-滞后-周期性温度-时效四因子HHST(Hydraulic,Hysteretic,Seasonal and Time)模型能够合理地解释锦屏一级拱坝的黏弹性滞后变形性态。为进一步提升该模型的预测精度,使用支持向量机(SVM)建立有限元计算所得拱坝黏弹性滞后位移与其因果因子之间的隐式关系,再将其融入到HHST模型中,进而基于多元线性回归建立拱坝位移的组合监控模型。以锦屏一级拱坝为例,减少输入因子数的组合模型的预测精度明显高于直接以HHST模型中18个因子作为输入的单一模型;SVM对滞后水压位移分量的预测精度明显高于基于约束最小二乘法的线性回归模型,采用2种滞后水压分量所建组合模型对拱坝变形性态具有相近的解释能力,而采用SVM滞后水压分量建立的组合模型可有效地提高拱坝位移的预测精度,多测点均方误差(MSE)平均降低21.67%,决定系数R2整体提高0.07%。
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0715500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12227901)Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(2021PT0007)。
文摘非甲烷总烃(non-methane total hydrocarbons,NMHCs)作为挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的重要组成部分,具有强烈的光化学活性,在一定程度上可以反映城市环境空气VOCs的总体污染情况。为研究烟台市区NMHCs特征,在深入探讨2021年烟台市芝罘区NMHCs日浓度随时间变化特征的基础上,系统分析了NMHCs浓度时空分布特征以及不同气象要素对NMHCs浓度的影响。结果表明:甲烷日浓度数值稳定,NMHCs(以碳计)日均浓度年度变化呈典型单峰型,高浓度值出现在5—7月。春、夏两季NMHCs浓度约为秋、冬两季浓度2.5倍,具有明显的季节特征。NMHCs浓度与日均温度、相对湿度、气压呈现较高相关性,首次考察了日均温度和相对湿度对NMHCs浓度的综合影响。风向、风速对局部地区NMHCs的扩散补充具有很大的影响。各因素对NMHCs浓度的影响为气压>相对湿度>气温。在周五至周一、高日均温度、低相对湿度、低气压等情况下易出现相对较高浓度NMHCs。通过本研究可以达到对城市环境空气NMHCs浓度时空分布特征的初步了解,为进一步开展大气污染物防治工作奠定基础。
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0715500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12227901)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0580000)Chinese Academy of Sciences President's In-ternational Fellowship Initiative(2021PT0007).
文摘Metasurfaces in the long wave infrared(LWIR)spectrum hold great potential for applications in ther-mal imaging,atmospheric remote sensing,and target identification,among others.In this study,we designed and experimentally demonstrated a 4 mm size,all-silicon metasurface metalens with large depth of focus opera-tional across a broadband range from 9µm to 11.5µm.The experimental results confirm effective focusing and imaging capabilities of the metalens in LWIR region,thus paving the way for practical LWIR applications of met-alens technology.
基金Projects(20120094110005,20120094130003)supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProjects(51379068,51139001,51279052,51209077,51179066)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(NCET-11-0628)supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,ChinaProjects(201201038,201101013)supported by the Public Welfare Industry Research Special Fund Project of Ministry of Water Resources of China
文摘To study the influence of construction interfaces on dynamic characteristics of roller compacted concrete dams(RCCDs),mechanical properties of construction interfaces are firstly analyzed. Then, the viscous-spring artificial boundary(VSAB) is adopted to simulate the radiation damping of their infinite foundations, and based on the Marc software, a simplified seismic motion input method is presented by the equivalent nodal loads. Finally, based on the practical engineering of a RCC gravity dam, effects of radiation damping and construction interfaces on the dynamic characteristics of dams are investigated in detail. Analysis results show that dynamic response of the RCC gravity dam significantly reduces about 25% when the radiation damping of infinite foundation is considered. Hot interfaces and the normal cold interfaces have little influence on the dynamic response of the RCC gravity dam.However, nonlinear fracture along the cold interfaces at the dam heel will occur under the designed earthquake if the cold interfaces are combined poorly. Therefore, to avoid the fractures along the construction interfaces under the potential super earthquakes,combination quality of the RCC layers should be significantly ensured.
