为了明确水稻籽粒充实度对未来大气CO2浓度([CO2])和温度相伴升高的响应,应用T-FACE(Temperature and Free Air CO2 Enrichment)试验平台,以优质粳稻南粳9108为试材,研究[CO2]升高(对照+200μmol·mol^-1)和增温(对照+1℃)对水稻灌...为了明确水稻籽粒充实度对未来大气CO2浓度([CO2])和温度相伴升高的响应,应用T-FACE(Temperature and Free Air CO2 Enrichment)试验平台,以优质粳稻南粳9108为试材,研究[CO2]升高(对照+200μmol·mol^-1)和增温(对照+1℃)对水稻灌浆期和收获期不同粒位籽粒充实度和产量的影响。结果表明,与对照(A mbient)相比,高[CO2]增加了水稻产量和有效穗数,高温的结果与之相反。[CO2]和温度升高下,2015年和2016年水稻分别减产4.0%和14.0%,有效穗数相应减少3.5%和5.4%。强势粒千粒质量最大,比饱粒、中势粒和弱势粒千粒质量分别提高了8.0%~11.7%、10.5%~15.0%和38.8%~63.9%。与Ambient相比,[CO2]和温度升高对饱粒、强势粒、弱势粒千粒质量无显著影响,但[CO2]升高显著提高中势粒千粒质量(P<0.05),增温极显著降低了中势粒千粒质量(P<0.01)。收获期,[CO2]升高增加了强、弱势粒穗粒质量,减少了单穗粒质量和中势粒穗粒质量;增温降低了强、中势粒穗粒质量;[CO2]和温度升高降低了水稻单穗粒质量和中势粒穗粒质量。进一步分析,[CO2]或温度升高水稻强、弱势粒占穗质量比例增加,中势粒占穗质量比例减少。[CO2]和温度升高两年弱势粒占穗质量比例平均增加了33.1%,远高于强势粒占穗质量比例的增幅(12.4%),中势粒占穗质量比例平均减少了4.5%。收获期,强、中、弱势粒占穗质量比例分别为9.9%~15.9%、73.2%~84.8%、5.2%~10.6%。因此,中势粒穗粒质量及其比例的减少对产量的影响大于强势粒、弱势粒。2016年单穗粒质量和中势粒穗质量比2015年明显减少,导致2016年产量下降了17.3%~28.6%,增温加剧了产量的降幅,应与2016年水稻开花期高温、灌浆期多雨有关。综上所述,[CO2]和温度升高下弱势粒占穗质量比例的增加及中势粒千粒质量、穗粒质量及其占穗质量比例的减少,导致[CO2]升高不能弥补增温对产量的负效应。展开更多
In this manuscript,the neat epoxy(EP)and functionalized Fe_(3)O_(4)(G-Fe_(3)O_(4))reinforced epoxy(G-Fe_(3)O_(4)/EP)coatings were cured under different temperatures,and the effect of the low curing temperature on the ...In this manuscript,the neat epoxy(EP)and functionalized Fe_(3)O_(4)(G-Fe_(3)O_(4))reinforced epoxy(G-Fe_(3)O_(4)/EP)coatings were cured under different temperatures,and the effect of the low curing temperature on the anticorrosion performance was investigated.The experimental results show that the epoxy-amine ring-open addition reaction mainly exists in the curing process,and the activation energies of the reaction for the two coatings are 55.84 and 53.29 kJ/mol,respectively.For the coatings cured at the low temperature,almost no pores could be detected on the fracture surface,but the presentence of the rough regions reflects the poor curing state.As compared with the samples cured at the high temperature,the anticorrosion performance of the coatings with the low curing temperature is worse,and the decrease rate of the anticorrosion performance is slower,because of the poor curing state and low adhesion obtained at the low temperature.展开更多
文摘为了明确水稻籽粒充实度对未来大气CO2浓度([CO2])和温度相伴升高的响应,应用T-FACE(Temperature and Free Air CO2 Enrichment)试验平台,以优质粳稻南粳9108为试材,研究[CO2]升高(对照+200μmol·mol^-1)和增温(对照+1℃)对水稻灌浆期和收获期不同粒位籽粒充实度和产量的影响。结果表明,与对照(A mbient)相比,高[CO2]增加了水稻产量和有效穗数,高温的结果与之相反。[CO2]和温度升高下,2015年和2016年水稻分别减产4.0%和14.0%,有效穗数相应减少3.5%和5.4%。强势粒千粒质量最大,比饱粒、中势粒和弱势粒千粒质量分别提高了8.0%~11.7%、10.5%~15.0%和38.8%~63.9%。与Ambient相比,[CO2]和温度升高对饱粒、强势粒、弱势粒千粒质量无显著影响,但[CO2]升高显著提高中势粒千粒质量(P<0.05),增温极显著降低了中势粒千粒质量(P<0.01)。收获期,[CO2]升高增加了强、弱势粒穗粒质量,减少了单穗粒质量和中势粒穗粒质量;增温降低了强、中势粒穗粒质量;[CO2]和温度升高降低了水稻单穗粒质量和中势粒穗粒质量。进一步分析,[CO2]或温度升高水稻强、弱势粒占穗质量比例增加,中势粒占穗质量比例减少。[CO2]和温度升高两年弱势粒占穗质量比例平均增加了33.1%,远高于强势粒占穗质量比例的增幅(12.4%),中势粒占穗质量比例平均减少了4.5%。收获期,强、中、弱势粒占穗质量比例分别为9.9%~15.9%、73.2%~84.8%、5.2%~10.6%。因此,中势粒穗粒质量及其比例的减少对产量的影响大于强势粒、弱势粒。2016年单穗粒质量和中势粒穗质量比2015年明显减少,导致2016年产量下降了17.3%~28.6%,增温加剧了产量的降幅,应与2016年水稻开花期高温、灌浆期多雨有关。综上所述,[CO2]和温度升高下弱势粒占穗质量比例的增加及中势粒千粒质量、穗粒质量及其占穗质量比例的减少,导致[CO2]升高不能弥补增温对产量的负效应。
基金Project(U2106216)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In this manuscript,the neat epoxy(EP)and functionalized Fe_(3)O_(4)(G-Fe_(3)O_(4))reinforced epoxy(G-Fe_(3)O_(4)/EP)coatings were cured under different temperatures,and the effect of the low curing temperature on the anticorrosion performance was investigated.The experimental results show that the epoxy-amine ring-open addition reaction mainly exists in the curing process,and the activation energies of the reaction for the two coatings are 55.84 and 53.29 kJ/mol,respectively.For the coatings cured at the low temperature,almost no pores could be detected on the fracture surface,but the presentence of the rough regions reflects the poor curing state.As compared with the samples cured at the high temperature,the anticorrosion performance of the coatings with the low curing temperature is worse,and the decrease rate of the anticorrosion performance is slower,because of the poor curing state and low adhesion obtained at the low temperature.
