为探究青藏高原东南部大气中多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,简称PAHs)的污染、源及输送特征,利用鲁朗地区(29.77°N,94.73°E)总悬浮颗粒物(Total Suspended Particles,简称TSP)和大气中的14种PAHs含量,结合同期...为探究青藏高原东南部大气中多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,简称PAHs)的污染、源及输送特征,利用鲁朗地区(29.77°N,94.73°E)总悬浮颗粒物(Total Suspended Particles,简称TSP)和大气中的14种PAHs含量,结合同期气象环境数据进行了综合分析。结果表明,该地区TSP中PAHs和气相的PAHs质量浓度变化范围分别为0.22~5.05 ng m^(-3)和0.83~63.75 ng m^(-3),平均值分别为2.13 ng m^(-3)和11.33 ng m^(-3)。薪柴和柴油的燃烧是污染的主要方式,汽油燃烧等其他排放为次要方式。PAHs来自本地污染和远距离传输(Long Range Transmission,简称LRT)共同的影响。本地污染在四季各个源地均不相同。冬春季本地污染大,源在东南及正南方,夏秋季受本地和外来输送共同作用,本地源在东南方且占比小,LRT占比大。LRT受西北气流、西风气流和西南气流三支气流影响,污染严重时西南气流占主导,西风气流次之,污染较轻时西风气流或西北气流占主导,西北气流所传输的污染最少。该研究结果加深了对藏东南区域PAHs变化、输送特征的认识,为该区域大气污染治理提供了理论依据。展开更多
目的:对比肢端黑色素瘤(acral melanoma,AM)与非肢端黑色素瘤(non-acral melanoma,NAM)的基因突变类型及基因拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)的差异,讨论并分析其基因突变类型及拷贝数变异的意义。方法:收集2018年1月至2021年1...目的:对比肢端黑色素瘤(acral melanoma,AM)与非肢端黑色素瘤(non-acral melanoma,NAM)的基因突变类型及基因拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)的差异,讨论并分析其基因突变类型及拷贝数变异的意义。方法:收集2018年1月至2021年1月新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的73例皮肤黑色素瘤患者的资料,所有患者均采用二代测序技术对46个癌症相关基因进行了全面的基因组检测。根据解剖部位分为肢端组(AMs)和非肢端组(NAMs),比较并讨论两组患者的临床病理特征、基因突变类型及CNV的差异。结果:两组患者在性别、年龄、肿瘤厚度、溃疡、淋巴结状态和分期等方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。73例患者最常见的基因突变类型为BRAF突变(20.5%)、KRAS/NRAS突变(17.8%)、KIT突变(13.7%)。与AMs相比,NAMs的BRAF突变频率呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。年龄≤65岁的患者BRAF突变率与年龄>65岁的患者相比呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。此外,无溃疡的黑色素瘤比有溃疡的黑色素瘤更易出现BRAF突变(P<0.05)。两组患者中KRAS/NRAS和KIT突变率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。影响细胞周期畸变基因(CDK4/6、CCND1/2、CDKN2A)、受体酪氨酸激酶基因(EGFR、MET、ERBB2、ERBB3、PDGFRA)及抗细胞凋亡基因(BIRC2/3/5)的CNV在AMs和NAMs之间呈显著性差异(P=0.019、0.002、0.027)。结论:通过对AMs和NAMs基因突变类型及CNV的分析,能为深入了解皮肤恶性黑色素瘤致癌模式和临床病理特征提供帮助。展开更多
For the product degradation process with random effect (RE), measurement error (ME) and nonlinearity in step-stress accelerated degradation test (SSADT), the nonlinear Wiener based degradation model with RE and ME is ...For the product degradation process with random effect (RE), measurement error (ME) and nonlinearity in step-stress accelerated degradation test (SSADT), the nonlinear Wiener based degradation model with RE and ME is built. An analytical approximation to the probability density function (PDF) of the product's lifetime is derived in a closed form. The process and data of SSADT are analyzed to obtain the relation model of the observed data under each accelerated stress. The likelihood function for the population-based observed data is constructed. The population-based model parameters and its random coefficient prior values are estimated. According to the newly observed data of the target product in SSADT, an analytical approximation to the PDF of its residual lifetime (RL) is derived in accordance with its individual degradation characteristics. The parameter updating method based on Bayesian inference is applied to obtain the posterior value of random coefficient of the RL model. A numerical example by simulation is analyzed to verify the accuracy and advantage of the proposed model.展开更多
The degradation data of multi-components in missile is derived by periodical testing. How to use these data to assess the storage reliability (SR) of the whole missile is a difficult problem in current research. An SR...The degradation data of multi-components in missile is derived by periodical testing. How to use these data to assess the storage reliability (SR) of the whole missile is a difficult problem in current research. An SR assessment model based on competition failure of multi-components in missile is proposed. By analyzing the missile life profile and its storage failure feature, the key components in missile are obtained and the characteristics voltage is assumed to be its key performance parameter. When the voltage testing data of key components in missile are available, a state space model (SSM) is applied to obtain the whole missile degradation state, which is defined as the missile degradation degree (DD). A Wiener process with the time-scale model (TSM) is applied to build the degradation failure model with individual variability and nonlinearity. The Weibull distribution and proportional risk model are applied to build an outburst failure model with performance degradation effect. Furthermore, a competition failure model with the correlation between degradation failure and outburst failure is proposed. A numerical example with a set of missiles in storage is analyzed to demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of the proposed model.展开更多
The temperature difference between the exposed surface of an underground silo and the surrounding soil surface is significant,which means a silo can be easily found by infrared detection.We designed an infrared camouf...The temperature difference between the exposed surface of an underground silo and the surrounding soil surface is significant,which means a silo can be easily found by infrared detection.We designed an infrared camouflage cloak consisting of an imitative layer and an insulation layer for the silos.The imitative layer is used to imitate the thermal response of the soil to the surrounding environment.The insulation layer is used to weaken the impact of the internal temperature field of the silo on the lower boundary of the imitative layer.A silo model including surrounding soil and a soil model without silo were established,and the influences of the material and thickness of each layer on the infrared camouflage effect were analyzed.The results show that when using a silicone rubber containing alumina powder with a volume fraction of 3.18% as the imitative material,its thermal inertia is in consistent with that of the soil.Meanwhile,it was found that the thickness of the imitative layer doesn't need to be greater than its thermal penetration depth to achieve the infrared camouflage,and the absence of the insulation layer will cause hot spots on the silo surface in winter to weaken the camouflage effect.The optimized thicknesses of the imitative layer and the insulation layer are 22 cm and 4 cm re spectively.The simulations indicate that with the application of the cloak,the maximum value of the absolute values of the temperature differences between the average temperatures of the silo surface and the surrounding soil surface temperatures drops from 1,59℃ to 0.31℃ in summer and from 1.92℃ to 0.21℃ in winter.This designed cloak can achieve an all-weather and full-time passive infrared camouflage.展开更多
Two interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid operators cal ed the induced interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid Shapley averaging （I-IIULHSA） operator and the induced interval-...Two interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid operators cal ed the induced interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid Shapley averaging （I-IIULHSA） operator and the induced interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid Shapley geometric （I-IIULHSG） operator are defined. These operators not only reflect the importance of elements and their ordered positions, but also consider the correlations among elements and their ordered positions. Since the fuzzy measures are defined on the power set, it makes the problem exponentially complex. In order to simplify the complexity of solving a fuzzy measure, we further define the induced interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid λ-Shapley averaging （I-IIULHλSA） operator and the induced interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid λ-Shapley geometric （I-IIULHλSG） operator. Moreover, an approach for multi-attribute group decision making under the interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic environment is developed. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the developed procedure and demonstrate its practicality and feasibility.展开更多
文摘为探究青藏高原东南部大气中多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,简称PAHs)的污染、源及输送特征,利用鲁朗地区(29.77°N,94.73°E)总悬浮颗粒物(Total Suspended Particles,简称TSP)和大气中的14种PAHs含量,结合同期气象环境数据进行了综合分析。结果表明,该地区TSP中PAHs和气相的PAHs质量浓度变化范围分别为0.22~5.05 ng m^(-3)和0.83~63.75 ng m^(-3),平均值分别为2.13 ng m^(-3)和11.33 ng m^(-3)。薪柴和柴油的燃烧是污染的主要方式,汽油燃烧等其他排放为次要方式。PAHs来自本地污染和远距离传输(Long Range Transmission,简称LRT)共同的影响。本地污染在四季各个源地均不相同。冬春季本地污染大,源在东南及正南方,夏秋季受本地和外来输送共同作用,本地源在东南方且占比小,LRT占比大。LRT受西北气流、西风气流和西南气流三支气流影响,污染严重时西南气流占主导,西风气流次之,污染较轻时西风气流或西北气流占主导,西北气流所传输的污染最少。该研究结果加深了对藏东南区域PAHs变化、输送特征的认识,为该区域大气污染治理提供了理论依据。
文摘目的:对比肢端黑色素瘤(acral melanoma,AM)与非肢端黑色素瘤(non-acral melanoma,NAM)的基因突变类型及基因拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)的差异,讨论并分析其基因突变类型及拷贝数变异的意义。方法:收集2018年1月至2021年1月新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的73例皮肤黑色素瘤患者的资料,所有患者均采用二代测序技术对46个癌症相关基因进行了全面的基因组检测。根据解剖部位分为肢端组(AMs)和非肢端组(NAMs),比较并讨论两组患者的临床病理特征、基因突变类型及CNV的差异。结果:两组患者在性别、年龄、肿瘤厚度、溃疡、淋巴结状态和分期等方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。73例患者最常见的基因突变类型为BRAF突变(20.5%)、KRAS/NRAS突变(17.8%)、KIT突变(13.7%)。与AMs相比,NAMs的BRAF突变频率呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。年龄≤65岁的患者BRAF突变率与年龄>65岁的患者相比呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。此外,无溃疡的黑色素瘤比有溃疡的黑色素瘤更易出现BRAF突变(P<0.05)。两组患者中KRAS/NRAS和KIT突变率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。影响细胞周期畸变基因(CDK4/6、CCND1/2、CDKN2A)、受体酪氨酸激酶基因(EGFR、MET、ERBB2、ERBB3、PDGFRA)及抗细胞凋亡基因(BIRC2/3/5)的CNV在AMs和NAMs之间呈显著性差异(P=0.019、0.002、0.027)。结论:通过对AMs和NAMs基因突变类型及CNV的分析,能为深入了解皮肤恶性黑色素瘤致癌模式和临床病理特征提供帮助。
基金supported by the National Defense Foundation of China(71601183)
文摘For the product degradation process with random effect (RE), measurement error (ME) and nonlinearity in step-stress accelerated degradation test (SSADT), the nonlinear Wiener based degradation model with RE and ME is built. An analytical approximation to the probability density function (PDF) of the product's lifetime is derived in a closed form. The process and data of SSADT are analyzed to obtain the relation model of the observed data under each accelerated stress. The likelihood function for the population-based observed data is constructed. The population-based model parameters and its random coefficient prior values are estimated. According to the newly observed data of the target product in SSADT, an analytical approximation to the PDF of its residual lifetime (RL) is derived in accordance with its individual degradation characteristics. The parameter updating method based on Bayesian inference is applied to obtain the posterior value of random coefficient of the RL model. A numerical example by simulation is analyzed to verify the accuracy and advantage of the proposed model.
基金supported by the National Defense Foundation of China(71601183)
文摘The degradation data of multi-components in missile is derived by periodical testing. How to use these data to assess the storage reliability (SR) of the whole missile is a difficult problem in current research. An SR assessment model based on competition failure of multi-components in missile is proposed. By analyzing the missile life profile and its storage failure feature, the key components in missile are obtained and the characteristics voltage is assumed to be its key performance parameter. When the voltage testing data of key components in missile are available, a state space model (SSM) is applied to obtain the whole missile degradation state, which is defined as the missile degradation degree (DD). A Wiener process with the time-scale model (TSM) is applied to build the degradation failure model with individual variability and nonlinearity. The Weibull distribution and proportional risk model are applied to build an outburst failure model with performance degradation effect. Furthermore, a competition failure model with the correlation between degradation failure and outburst failure is proposed. A numerical example with a set of missiles in storage is analyzed to demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of the proposed model.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(contract grant number 51576188)。
文摘The temperature difference between the exposed surface of an underground silo and the surrounding soil surface is significant,which means a silo can be easily found by infrared detection.We designed an infrared camouflage cloak consisting of an imitative layer and an insulation layer for the silos.The imitative layer is used to imitate the thermal response of the soil to the surrounding environment.The insulation layer is used to weaken the impact of the internal temperature field of the silo on the lower boundary of the imitative layer.A silo model including surrounding soil and a soil model without silo were established,and the influences of the material and thickness of each layer on the infrared camouflage effect were analyzed.The results show that when using a silicone rubber containing alumina powder with a volume fraction of 3.18% as the imitative material,its thermal inertia is in consistent with that of the soil.Meanwhile,it was found that the thickness of the imitative layer doesn't need to be greater than its thermal penetration depth to achieve the infrared camouflage,and the absence of the insulation layer will cause hot spots on the silo surface in winter to weaken the camouflage effect.The optimized thicknesses of the imitative layer and the insulation layer are 22 cm and 4 cm re spectively.The simulations indicate that with the application of the cloak,the maximum value of the absolute values of the temperature differences between the average temperatures of the silo surface and the surrounding soil surface temperatures drops from 1,59℃ to 0.31℃ in summer and from 1.92℃ to 0.21℃ in winter.This designed cloak can achieve an all-weather and full-time passive infrared camouflage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71201089)the Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of Shandong Province(ZR2012GQ005)
文摘Two interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid operators cal ed the induced interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid Shapley averaging （I-IIULHSA） operator and the induced interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid Shapley geometric （I-IIULHSG） operator are defined. These operators not only reflect the importance of elements and their ordered positions, but also consider the correlations among elements and their ordered positions. Since the fuzzy measures are defined on the power set, it makes the problem exponentially complex. In order to simplify the complexity of solving a fuzzy measure, we further define the induced interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid λ-Shapley averaging （I-IIULHλSA） operator and the induced interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic hybrid λ-Shapley geometric （I-IIULHλSG） operator. Moreover, an approach for multi-attribute group decision making under the interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic environment is developed. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the developed procedure and demonstrate its practicality and feasibility.
