Resilience of air&space defense system of systems(SoSs)is critical to national air defense security.However,the research on it is still scarce.In this study,the resilience of air&space defense SoSs is firstly ...Resilience of air&space defense system of systems(SoSs)is critical to national air defense security.However,the research on it is still scarce.In this study,the resilience of air&space defense SoSs is firstly defined and the kill network theory is established by combining super network and kill chain theory.Two cases of the SoSs are considered:(a)The kill chains are relatively homogenous;(b)The kill chains are relatively heterogenous.Meanwhile,two capability assessment methods,which are based on the number of kill chains and improved self-information quantity,respectively,are proposed.The improved self-information quantity modeled based on nodes and edges can achieve qualitative and quantitative assessment of the combat capability by using linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets.Then,a resilient evaluation index consisting of risk response,survivability,and quick recovery is proposed accordingly.Finally,network models for regional air defense and anti-missile SoSs are established respectively,and the resilience measurement results are verified and analyzed under different attack and recovery strategies,and the optimization strategies are also proposed.The proposed theory and method can meet different demands to evaluate combat capability and optimize resilience of various types of air&space defense and similar SoSs.展开更多
目的对英文版患者结局评估态度问卷(outcome measures questionnaire,OMQ)进行汉化和文化调适,并对中文版问卷进行测量学检验。方法采用国际标准化的慢性病治疗功能评价(functional assessment of chronic illness therapy,FACIT)翻译...目的对英文版患者结局评估态度问卷(outcome measures questionnaire,OMQ)进行汉化和文化调适,并对中文版问卷进行测量学检验。方法采用国际标准化的慢性病治疗功能评价(functional assessment of chronic illness therapy,FACIT)翻译标准对OMQ进行汉化,通过专家咨询、医护人员认知性访谈等方法对中文版问卷进行文化调适。2018年7-9月,便利抽样法选取上海、浙江、南京等地多所三级甲等医院的医生和护士共计351名进行调查,通过调查数据分析中文版OMQ的信、效度。结果中文版OMQ问卷的"一般态度"和"反馈态度"维度的Cronbach’sα系数分别为0.860和0.778,问卷整体Cronbach’sα系数为0.907;探索性因子分析共提取3个公因子,分别命名为"一般态度"、"负性态度"和"实践障碍",条目因子载荷为0.636～0.857,3个公因子能够解释总变异的63.37%;验证性因子分析结果显示3因子模型拟合较好,修正后的卡方自由度比值(χ~2/df)为2.207,比较拟合指数(comparative fit index,CFI)为0.953,渐进残差均方和平方根(root mean square error of approximation,RMSEA)为0.059。结论中文版OMQ问卷保留了原英文版问卷的22个条目,具有良好的测量学性质,可作为测量我国医护人员对于患者结局评估态度的可靠工具。展开更多
嵌合抗原受体T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor T cell,CAR-T)疗法在血液系统肿瘤治疗中已取得巨大成功,但由于实体肿瘤特殊的肿瘤微环境和缺乏特异性的抗原靶点,CAR-T疗法在实体肿瘤中的治疗效果并不理想,联合其他疗法是目前的迫切需...嵌合抗原受体T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor T cell,CAR-T)疗法在血液系统肿瘤治疗中已取得巨大成功,但由于实体肿瘤特殊的肿瘤微环境和缺乏特异性的抗原靶点,CAR-T疗法在实体肿瘤中的治疗效果并不理想,联合其他疗法是目前的迫切需要。当前,纳米递送系统已经成为抗肿瘤药物研发最活跃的方向之一,本文在介绍CAR-T疗法与实体肿瘤治疗相关的背景基础上,重点关注纳米药物联合CAR-T疗法以增强肿瘤治疗的研究进展,从体内递送m RNA、调节肿瘤微环境、联合光热治疗等方面,较为系统地综述了近年来纳米递送系统联合CAR-T疗法的策略与典例,同时对该领域的未来方向进行展望。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant numbers 72001214National Social Science Foundation of China,Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China,No.20190108Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,grant number 2020JQ-484.
文摘Resilience of air&space defense system of systems(SoSs)is critical to national air defense security.However,the research on it is still scarce.In this study,the resilience of air&space defense SoSs is firstly defined and the kill network theory is established by combining super network and kill chain theory.Two cases of the SoSs are considered:(a)The kill chains are relatively homogenous;(b)The kill chains are relatively heterogenous.Meanwhile,two capability assessment methods,which are based on the number of kill chains and improved self-information quantity,respectively,are proposed.The improved self-information quantity modeled based on nodes and edges can achieve qualitative and quantitative assessment of the combat capability by using linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets.Then,a resilient evaluation index consisting of risk response,survivability,and quick recovery is proposed accordingly.Finally,network models for regional air defense and anti-missile SoSs are established respectively,and the resilience measurement results are verified and analyzed under different attack and recovery strategies,and the optimization strategies are also proposed.The proposed theory and method can meet different demands to evaluate combat capability and optimize resilience of various types of air&space defense and similar SoSs.
文摘目的对英文版患者结局评估态度问卷(outcome measures questionnaire,OMQ)进行汉化和文化调适,并对中文版问卷进行测量学检验。方法采用国际标准化的慢性病治疗功能评价(functional assessment of chronic illness therapy,FACIT)翻译标准对OMQ进行汉化,通过专家咨询、医护人员认知性访谈等方法对中文版问卷进行文化调适。2018年7-9月,便利抽样法选取上海、浙江、南京等地多所三级甲等医院的医生和护士共计351名进行调查,通过调查数据分析中文版OMQ的信、效度。结果中文版OMQ问卷的"一般态度"和"反馈态度"维度的Cronbach’sα系数分别为0.860和0.778,问卷整体Cronbach’sα系数为0.907;探索性因子分析共提取3个公因子,分别命名为"一般态度"、"负性态度"和"实践障碍",条目因子载荷为0.636～0.857,3个公因子能够解释总变异的63.37%;验证性因子分析结果显示3因子模型拟合较好,修正后的卡方自由度比值(χ~2/df)为2.207,比较拟合指数(comparative fit index,CFI)为0.953,渐进残差均方和平方根(root mean square error of approximation,RMSEA)为0.059。结论中文版OMQ问卷保留了原英文版问卷的22个条目,具有良好的测量学性质,可作为测量我国医护人员对于患者结局评估态度的可靠工具。
