The electrolysis of water for hydrogen generation has shown immense promise as an energy conversion technology for the green energy economy.Two concurrently occurring electrochemical reactions in water electrolysis(hy...The electrolysis of water for hydrogen generation has shown immense promise as an energy conversion technology for the green energy economy.Two concurrently occurring electrochemical reactions in water electrolysis(hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions)are sluggish in nature and therefore the employment of electrocatalysts is highly essential.Noble-metal-based electrocatalysts(Pt,Ru O_(2),Ir O_(2),etc.)have shown superior activity towards these reactions.However,their lower natural abundance and inferior stability make the cost to performance ratio of water electrolysis too high.Thus,huge amount of research efforts are being carried out to develop electrocatalysts consisting of earth abundant elements(transition metals,carbon etc.)as the replacement of these noble-metal-based materials.Transition metal compounds,carbonaceous and hybrid materials have shown promise as efficient electrocatalysts but there is still huge gap between the activities of these materials and the noble-metal-based electrocatalysts.Several strategies like morphology modulation,elemental doping,defect engineering etc.are being deployed to enhance the activity of these noble-metal-free electrocatalysts.This review summarizes these strategies and thoroughly discusses the reason behind the changes in activity of the electrocatalysts owing to these modifications.Finally,the remaining research gaps and future prospects in this field are also discussed in detail.展开更多
Development of cost-effective and environmental friendly energy storage devices(ESDs) has attracted widespread attention in recent scenario of energy research.Recently,the environmentally viable "water-in-salt&qu...Development of cost-effective and environmental friendly energy storage devices(ESDs) has attracted widespread attention in recent scenario of energy research.Recently,the environmentally viable "water-in-salt"(WiS) electrolytes has received significant interest for the development of advanced high performance ESDs.The WiS electrolyte exhibits wide electrochemical stability window(ESW),highsafety,non-flammability and superior electrochemical performance compared to the conventional "salt-in-water" electrolytes.This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on WiS electrolyte based on theoretical,electrochemical and physicochemical characteristics.A strategic way for the usage of WiS electrolyte in rechargeable metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors with potentially improved electrochemical performance has been reviewed systematically.This review also discussed the unique advantages of WiS electrolytes as well as the future scope and challenges.展开更多
文摘The electrolysis of water for hydrogen generation has shown immense promise as an energy conversion technology for the green energy economy.Two concurrently occurring electrochemical reactions in water electrolysis(hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions)are sluggish in nature and therefore the employment of electrocatalysts is highly essential.Noble-metal-based electrocatalysts(Pt,Ru O_(2),Ir O_(2),etc.)have shown superior activity towards these reactions.However,their lower natural abundance and inferior stability make the cost to performance ratio of water electrolysis too high.Thus,huge amount of research efforts are being carried out to develop electrocatalysts consisting of earth abundant elements(transition metals,carbon etc.)as the replacement of these noble-metal-based materials.Transition metal compounds,carbonaceous and hybrid materials have shown promise as efficient electrocatalysts but there is still huge gap between the activities of these materials and the noble-metal-based electrocatalysts.Several strategies like morphology modulation,elemental doping,defect engineering etc.are being deployed to enhance the activity of these noble-metal-free electrocatalysts.This review summarizes these strategies and thoroughly discusses the reason behind the changes in activity of the electrocatalysts owing to these modifications.Finally,the remaining research gaps and future prospects in this field are also discussed in detail.
基金the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research(CSIR) for the financial support through the HCP-44/02/1 projectthe DST-INSPIRE Faculty Scheme,Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi,Govt.of India(IFA20-MS-168) for the financial supports。
文摘Development of cost-effective and environmental friendly energy storage devices(ESDs) has attracted widespread attention in recent scenario of energy research.Recently,the environmentally viable "water-in-salt"(WiS) electrolytes has received significant interest for the development of advanced high performance ESDs.The WiS electrolyte exhibits wide electrochemical stability window(ESW),highsafety,non-flammability and superior electrochemical performance compared to the conventional "salt-in-water" electrolytes.This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on WiS electrolyte based on theoretical,electrochemical and physicochemical characteristics.A strategic way for the usage of WiS electrolyte in rechargeable metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors with potentially improved electrochemical performance has been reviewed systematically.This review also discussed the unique advantages of WiS electrolytes as well as the future scope and challenges.
