In a fractured porous hydrocarbon reservoir,wave velocities and refections depend on frequency and incident angle.A proper description of the frequency dependence of amplitude variations with ofset(AVO)signatures shou...In a fractured porous hydrocarbon reservoir,wave velocities and refections depend on frequency and incident angle.A proper description of the frequency dependence of amplitude variations with ofset(AVO)signatures should allow efects of fracture inflls and attenuation and dispersion of fractured media.The novelty of this study lies in the introduction of an improved approach for the investigation of incident-angle and frequency variations-associated refection responses.The improved AVO modeling method,using a frequency-domain propagator matrix method,is feasible to accurately consider velocity dispersion predicted from frequency-dependent elasticities from a rock physics modeling.And hence,the method is suitable for use in the case of an anisotropic medium with aligned fractures.Additionally,the proposed modeling approach allows the combined contributions of layer thickness,interbedded structure,impedance contrast and interferences to frequency-dependent refection coefcients and,hence,yielding seismograms of a layered model with a dispersive and attenuative reservoir.Our numerical results show bulk modulus of fracture fuid signifcantly afects anisotropic attenuation,hence causing frequencydependent refection abnormalities.These implications indicate the study of amplitude versus angle and frequency(AVAF)variations provides insights for better interpretation of refection anomalies and hydrocarbon identifcation in a layered reservoir with vertical transverse isotropy(VTI)dispersive media.展开更多
We introduce Quafu-Qcover,an open-source cloud-based software package developed for solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum simulators and hardware backends.Quafu-Qcover provides a standardized and c...We introduce Quafu-Qcover,an open-source cloud-based software package developed for solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum simulators and hardware backends.Quafu-Qcover provides a standardized and comprehensive workflow that utilizes the quantum approximate optimization algorithm(QAOA).It facilitates the automatic conversion of the original problem into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization(QUBO)model and its corresponding Ising model,which can be subsequently transformed into a weight graph.The core of Qcover relies on a graph decomposition-based classical algorithm,which efficiently derives the optimal parameters for the shallow QAOA circuit.Quafu-Qcover incorporates a dedicated compiler capable of translating QAOA circuits into physical quantum circuits that can be executed on Quafu cloud quantum computers.Compared to a general-purpose compiler,our compiler demonstrates the ability to generate shorter circuit depths,while also exhibiting superior speed performance.Additionally,the Qcover compiler has the capability to dynamically create a library of qubits coupling substructures in real-time,utilizing the most recent calibration data from the superconducting quantum devices.This ensures that computational tasks can be assigned to connected physical qubits with the highest fidelity.The Quafu-Qcover allows us to retrieve quantum computing sampling results using a task ID at any time,enabling asynchronous processing.Moreover,it incorporates modules for results preprocessing and visualization,facilitating an intuitive display of solutions for combinatorial optimization problems.We hope that Quafu-Qcover can serve as an instructive illustration for how to explore application problems on the Quafu cloud quantum computers.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of quantum computing,hybrid quantum–classical machine learning has shown numerous potential applications at the current stage,with expectations of being achievable in the noisy intermediate...With the rapid advancement of quantum computing,hybrid quantum–classical machine learning has shown numerous potential applications at the current stage,with expectations of being achievable in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era.Quantum reinforcement learning,as an indispensable study,has recently demonstrated its ability to solve standard benchmark environments with formally provable theoretical advantages over classical counterparts.However,despite the progress of quantum processors and the emergence of quantum computing clouds,implementing quantum reinforcement learning algorithms utilizing parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)on NISQ devices remains infrequent.In this work,we take the first step towards executing benchmark quantum reinforcement problems on real devices equipped with at most 136 qubits on the BAQIS Quafu quantum computing cloud.The experimental results demonstrate that the policy agents can successfully accomplish objectives under modified conditions in both the training and inference phases.Moreover,we design hardware-efficient PQC architectures in the quantum model using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and develop a learning algorithm that is adaptable to quantum devices.We hope that the Quafu-RL can be a guiding example to show how to realize machine learning tasks by taking advantage of quantum computers on the quantum cloud platform.展开更多
Background:The essential roles of platelets in thrombosis have been well recognized.Unexpectedly,thrombosis is prevalent during thrombocytopenia induced by cytotoxicity of biological,physical and chemical origins,whic...Background:The essential roles of platelets in thrombosis have been well recognized.Unexpectedly,thrombosis is prevalent during thrombocytopenia induced by cytotoxicity of biological,physical and chemical origins,which could be suffered by military personnel and civilians during chemical,biological,radioactive,and nuclear events.Especially,thrombosis is considered a major cause of mortality from radiation injury-induced thrombocytopenia,while the underlying pathogenic mechanism remains elusive.Methods:A mouse model of radiation injury-induced thrombocytopenia was built by exposing mice to a sublethal dose of ionizing radiation(IR).The phenotypic and functional changes of platelets and megakaryocytes(MKs)were determined by a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo assays,including flow cytometry,flow chamber,histopathology,Western blotting,and chromatin immunoprecipitation,in combination with transcriptomic analysis.The molecular mechanism was investigated both in vitro and in vivo,and was consolidated using MK-specific knockout mice.The translational potential was evaluated using a human MK cell line and several pharmacological inhibitors.Results:In contrast to primitive MKs,mature MKs(mMKs)are intrinsically programmed to be apoptosis-resistant through reprogramming the Bcl-xL-BAX/BAK axis.Interestingly,mMKs undergo minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization(MOMP)post IR,resulting in the activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes(cGAS-STING)pathway via the release of mitochondrial DNA.The subsequent interferon-β(IFN-β)response in mMKs upregulates a GTPase guanylate-binding protein 2(GBP2)to produce large and hyperreactive platelets that favor thrombosis.Further,we unmask that autophagy restrains minority MOMP in mMKs post IR.Conclusions:Our study identifies that megakaryocytic mitochondria-cGAS/STING-IFN-β-GBP2 axis serves as a fundamental checkpoint that instructs the size and function of platelets upon radiation injury and can be harnessed to treat platelet pathologies.展开更多
使用10个LoRa设备和示波器在视距(line of sight,LOS)信道、非视距(non line of sight,NLOS)信道、有扰信道下进行了数据采集并构建了数据集。为了解决当输入为一维时序数据时坐标注意力(coordinate attention,CA)只能在时域上做特征增...使用10个LoRa设备和示波器在视距(line of sight,LOS)信道、非视距(non line of sight,NLOS)信道、有扰信道下进行了数据采集并构建了数据集。为了解决当输入为一维时序数据时坐标注意力(coordinate attention,CA)只能在时域上做特征增强,提出一种DCTCA机制,将输入特征图通过离散余弦变换(discrete cosine transform,DCT)由时域转换到频域以增强在频域上的特征,将时域上的特征图与频域上的注意力图融合实现多维度的特征增强。嵌入到由残差网络(residual network,ResNet)和门控循环网络(gated recurrent unit,GRU)级联的DRGNN网络进行射频指纹特征提取并完成识别。实验结果表明,在有扰信道下网络模型识别准确率可达79.2%,明显优于CNN1D的67.7%和LSTM的45.8%.。通过对比消融实验证明了DCTCA机制的有效性。展开更多
High fidelity two-qubit gates are fundamental for scaling up the superconducting qubit number.We use two qubits coupled via a frequency-tunable coupler which can adjust the coupling strength,and demonstrate the CZ gat...High fidelity two-qubit gates are fundamental for scaling up the superconducting qubit number.We use two qubits coupled via a frequency-tunable coupler which can adjust the coupling strength,and demonstrate the CZ gate using two different schemes,adiabatic and diabatic methods.The Clifford based randomized benchmarking(RB) method is used to assess and optimize the CZ gate fidelity.The fidelities of adiabatic and diabatic CZ gates are 99.53(8)% and 98.72(2)%,respectively.We also analyze the errors induced by the decoherence.Comparing to 30 ns duration time of adiabatic CZ gate,the duration time of diabatic CZ gate is 19 ns,revealing lower incoherence error rate r’_(incoherent),int=0.0197(5) compared to r_(incoherent,int)=0.0223(3).展开更多
As a popular approach to producing atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma,dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)has been extensively used in various application fields.In this paper,DBD with wavy dielectric layers is nume...As a popular approach to producing atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma,dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)has been extensively used in various application fields.In this paper,DBD with wavy dielectric layers is numerically simulated in atmospheric pressure helium mixed with trace nitrogen based on a fluid model.With varying relative position(phase difference(Δφ))of the wavy surfaces,there is a positive discharge and a negative discharge per voltage cycle,each of which consists of a pulse stage and a hump stage.For the pulse stage,maximal current increases with increasingΔφ.Results show that DBD with the wavy surfaces appears as discrete micro-discharges(MDs),which are self-organized to different patterns with varyingΔφ.The MDs are vertical and uniformly-spaced withΔφ=0,which are self-organized in pairs withΔφ=π/4.These MD pairs are merged into some bright wide MDs withΔφ=π/2.In addition,narrow MDs appear between tilted wide MDs withΔφ=3π/4.WithΔφ=π,the pattern is composed of wide and narrow MDs,which are vertical and appear alternately.To elucidate the formation mechanism of the patterns with differentΔφ,temporal evolutions of electron density and electric field are investigated for the positive discharge.Moreover,surface charge on the wavy dielectric layers has also been compared with differentΔφ.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(2462020YXZZ008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41804104,41930425,U19B6003-04-03,41774143)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0702504)the PetroChina Innovation Foundation(2018D-5007-0303)the Science Foundation of SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics(33550006-20-ZC0699-0001).
文摘In a fractured porous hydrocarbon reservoir,wave velocities and refections depend on frequency and incident angle.A proper description of the frequency dependence of amplitude variations with ofset(AVO)signatures should allow efects of fracture inflls and attenuation and dispersion of fractured media.The novelty of this study lies in the introduction of an improved approach for the investigation of incident-angle and frequency variations-associated refection responses.The improved AVO modeling method,using a frequency-domain propagator matrix method,is feasible to accurately consider velocity dispersion predicted from frequency-dependent elasticities from a rock physics modeling.And hence,the method is suitable for use in the case of an anisotropic medium with aligned fractures.Additionally,the proposed modeling approach allows the combined contributions of layer thickness,interbedded structure,impedance contrast and interferences to frequency-dependent refection coefcients and,hence,yielding seismograms of a layered model with a dispersive and attenuative reservoir.Our numerical results show bulk modulus of fracture fuid signifcantly afects anisotropic attenuation,hence causing frequencydependent refection abnormalities.These implications indicate the study of amplitude versus angle and frequency(AVAF)variations provides insights for better interpretation of refection anomalies and hydrocarbon identifcation in a layered reservoir with vertical transverse isotropy(VTI)dispersive media.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92365206)the support of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Certificate Number:2023M740272)+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12247168)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Certificate Number:2022TQ0036)。
文摘We introduce Quafu-Qcover,an open-source cloud-based software package developed for solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum simulators and hardware backends.Quafu-Qcover provides a standardized and comprehensive workflow that utilizes the quantum approximate optimization algorithm(QAOA).It facilitates the automatic conversion of the original problem into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization(QUBO)model and its corresponding Ising model,which can be subsequently transformed into a weight graph.The core of Qcover relies on a graph decomposition-based classical algorithm,which efficiently derives the optimal parameters for the shallow QAOA circuit.Quafu-Qcover incorporates a dedicated compiler capable of translating QAOA circuits into physical quantum circuits that can be executed on Quafu cloud quantum computers.Compared to a general-purpose compiler,our compiler demonstrates the ability to generate shorter circuit depths,while also exhibiting superior speed performance.Additionally,the Qcover compiler has the capability to dynamically create a library of qubits coupling substructures in real-time,utilizing the most recent calibration data from the superconducting quantum devices.This ensures that computational tasks can be assigned to connected physical qubits with the highest fidelity.The Quafu-Qcover allows us to retrieve quantum computing sampling results using a task ID at any time,enabling asynchronous processing.Moreover,it incorporates modules for results preprocessing and visualization,facilitating an intuitive display of solutions for combinatorial optimization problems.We hope that Quafu-Qcover can serve as an instructive illustration for how to explore application problems on the Quafu cloud quantum computers.
基金supported by the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciencessupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92365206)+2 种基金the support of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Certificate Number:2023M740272)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12247168)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Certificate Number:2022TQ0036)。
文摘With the rapid advancement of quantum computing,hybrid quantum–classical machine learning has shown numerous potential applications at the current stage,with expectations of being achievable in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era.Quantum reinforcement learning,as an indispensable study,has recently demonstrated its ability to solve standard benchmark environments with formally provable theoretical advantages over classical counterparts.However,despite the progress of quantum processors and the emergence of quantum computing clouds,implementing quantum reinforcement learning algorithms utilizing parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)on NISQ devices remains infrequent.In this work,we take the first step towards executing benchmark quantum reinforcement problems on real devices equipped with at most 136 qubits on the BAQIS Quafu quantum computing cloud.The experimental results demonstrate that the policy agents can successfully accomplish objectives under modified conditions in both the training and inference phases.Moreover,we design hardware-efficient PQC architectures in the quantum model using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and develop a learning algorithm that is adaptable to quantum devices.We hope that the Quafu-RL can be a guiding example to show how to realize machine learning tasks by taking advantage of quantum computers on the quantum cloud platform.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930090)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(81725019)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171104,82273571,and 81874256)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(2023NSCQ-MSX0687,CSTB2023NSCQ-JQX0015,and cstc2015jcyjys10001)the Chongqing Talent Program(CQYC20220511002).
文摘Background:The essential roles of platelets in thrombosis have been well recognized.Unexpectedly,thrombosis is prevalent during thrombocytopenia induced by cytotoxicity of biological,physical and chemical origins,which could be suffered by military personnel and civilians during chemical,biological,radioactive,and nuclear events.Especially,thrombosis is considered a major cause of mortality from radiation injury-induced thrombocytopenia,while the underlying pathogenic mechanism remains elusive.Methods:A mouse model of radiation injury-induced thrombocytopenia was built by exposing mice to a sublethal dose of ionizing radiation(IR).The phenotypic and functional changes of platelets and megakaryocytes(MKs)were determined by a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo assays,including flow cytometry,flow chamber,histopathology,Western blotting,and chromatin immunoprecipitation,in combination with transcriptomic analysis.The molecular mechanism was investigated both in vitro and in vivo,and was consolidated using MK-specific knockout mice.The translational potential was evaluated using a human MK cell line and several pharmacological inhibitors.Results:In contrast to primitive MKs,mature MKs(mMKs)are intrinsically programmed to be apoptosis-resistant through reprogramming the Bcl-xL-BAX/BAK axis.Interestingly,mMKs undergo minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization(MOMP)post IR,resulting in the activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes(cGAS-STING)pathway via the release of mitochondrial DNA.The subsequent interferon-β(IFN-β)response in mMKs upregulates a GTPase guanylate-binding protein 2(GBP2)to produce large and hyperreactive platelets that favor thrombosis.Further,we unmask that autophagy restrains minority MOMP in mMKs post IR.Conclusions:Our study identifies that megakaryocytic mitochondria-cGAS/STING-IFN-β-GBP2 axis serves as a fundamental checkpoint that instructs the size and function of platelets upon radiation injury and can be harnessed to treat platelet pathologies.
文摘使用10个LoRa设备和示波器在视距(line of sight,LOS)信道、非视距(non line of sight,NLOS)信道、有扰信道下进行了数据采集并构建了数据集。为了解决当输入为一维时序数据时坐标注意力(coordinate attention,CA)只能在时域上做特征增强,提出一种DCTCA机制,将输入特征图通过离散余弦变换(discrete cosine transform,DCT)由时域转换到频域以增强在频域上的特征,将时域上的特征图与频域上的注意力图融合实现多维度的特征增强。嵌入到由残差网络(residual network,ResNet)和门控循环网络(gated recurrent unit,GRU)级联的DRGNN网络进行射频指纹特征提取并完成识别。实验结果表明,在有扰信道下网络模型识别准确率可达79.2%,明显优于CNN1D的67.7%和LSTM的45.8%.。通过对比消融实验证明了DCTCA机制的有效性。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11890704,12004042,and 11674376)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(Grant No.Z190012)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0301800)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guang-Dong Province,China(Grant No.2018B030326001)。
文摘High fidelity two-qubit gates are fundamental for scaling up the superconducting qubit number.We use two qubits coupled via a frequency-tunable coupler which can adjust the coupling strength,and demonstrate the CZ gate using two different schemes,adiabatic and diabatic methods.The Clifford based randomized benchmarking(RB) method is used to assess and optimize the CZ gate fidelity.The fidelities of adiabatic and diabatic CZ gates are 99.53(8)% and 98.72(2)%,respectively.We also analyze the errors induced by the decoherence.Comparing to 30 ns duration time of adiabatic CZ gate,the duration time of diabatic CZ gate is 19 ns,revealing lower incoherence error rate r’_(incoherent),int=0.0197(5) compared to r_(incoherent,int)=0.0223(3).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12375250,11875121,51977057,11805013)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant Nos.A2020201025 and A2022201036)+3 种基金the Hebei Province Optoelectronic Information Materials Laboratory Performance Subsidy Fund Project(Grant No.22567634H)the Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.A2012201045)the Natural Science Interdisciplinary Research Program of Hebei University(Grant Nos.DXK201908 and DXK202011)the Post-graduate’s Innovation Fund Project of Hebei University(Grant No.HBU2022bs004)。
文摘As a popular approach to producing atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma,dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)has been extensively used in various application fields.In this paper,DBD with wavy dielectric layers is numerically simulated in atmospheric pressure helium mixed with trace nitrogen based on a fluid model.With varying relative position(phase difference(Δφ))of the wavy surfaces,there is a positive discharge and a negative discharge per voltage cycle,each of which consists of a pulse stage and a hump stage.For the pulse stage,maximal current increases with increasingΔφ.Results show that DBD with the wavy surfaces appears as discrete micro-discharges(MDs),which are self-organized to different patterns with varyingΔφ.The MDs are vertical and uniformly-spaced withΔφ=0,which are self-organized in pairs withΔφ=π/4.These MD pairs are merged into some bright wide MDs withΔφ=π/2.In addition,narrow MDs appear between tilted wide MDs withΔφ=3π/4.WithΔφ=π,the pattern is composed of wide and narrow MDs,which are vertical and appear alternately.To elucidate the formation mechanism of the patterns with differentΔφ,temporal evolutions of electron density and electric field are investigated for the positive discharge.Moreover,surface charge on the wavy dielectric layers has also been compared with differentΔφ.
