为了研究在不同共价交联条件(生物酶法和化学碱法)下,花青素对大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)的表面疏水性与功能特性的影响。采用荧光探针表征SPI交联花青素后表面疏水性的变化,采用起泡性、乳化性、粒径分析及ζ-电位分析等...为了研究在不同共价交联条件(生物酶法和化学碱法)下,花青素对大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)的表面疏水性与功能特性的影响。采用荧光探针表征SPI交联花青素后表面疏水性的变化,采用起泡性、乳化性、粒径分析及ζ-电位分析等指标研究花青素对SPI功能性质的影响。结果表明,SPI与花青素共价交联后其表面疏水性显著下降(p<0.05),且添加的花青素浓度与SPI的表面疏水性成反比。尤其是花青素浓度为0.05%时,相较于SPI,酶法和碱法交联的花青素-SPI共价复合物(LC3和AC3)表面疏水性分别减少了87.71%和82.71%;花青素的添加使SPI的起泡性能和乳化性能得以改善,当添加相同浓度的花青素时,生物酶法比化学碱法的改善效果更明显;SPI与花青素交联后提高了ζ-电位的绝对值,使溶液液滴粒径分布更加均匀,溶液的稳定性更强,尤其LC3的ζ-电位绝对值比SPI和AC3分别高了64.35%和10.98%。展开更多
Through rock mechanics test, similar simulation experiment, borehole photographic observation of rock fissure, numerical simulation calculation of plastic zone distribution and deformation monitoring of rock mass duri...Through rock mechanics test, similar simulation experiment, borehole photographic observation of rock fissure, numerical simulation calculation of plastic zone distribution and deformation monitoring of rock mass during undersea mining, the fractal evolution mechanisms of rock fracture in undersea metallic deposits of Sanshandao Gold Mine were studied by fractal theory. The experimental researches on granite mechanics test in undersea deposit indicate that with the increase of load, the granite deformation energy and the fractal dimension of acoustic emission(FDAE) increase gradually. However, after reaching the peak stress of specimen, the fractal dimensions of acoustic emission(FDAEs) decrease and the granite specimen fails. Therefore, the fractal dimension evolution of rock failure can be divided into four stages, which are fissure inoculation stage, fissure growth stage, fissure expansion stage and fracture instability stage, respectively. By calculating and analyzing the damage photographs of rock specimens in Sanshandao Gold Mine, the fractal dimension of rock fissure is 1.4514, which is close to the average value of FDAE during granite destruction, i.e., 1.4693. Similar simulation experiments of undersea mining show that with the excavation proceeding, the FDAE in rock stratum increases gradually, and when the thickness of the isolation roof is less than 40 m, the FDAE begins to decrease, and meanwhile the sign of water inrush emerges. The numerical simulation researches on the plastic zone distribution of undersea mining in Sanshandao Gold Mine indicate that the fractal dimension of plastic zone(FDPZ) where the failure characteristics occur is 1.4598, close to the result of similar simulation experiment of 1.4364, which shows the sign of water inrush. Meanwhile, the thickness of the isolation roof for undersea mining should be more than 40 m, which is consistent with the results of similar simulation experiment. In Sanshandao Gold Mine, the rock fissures in undersea mining were observed by borehole photography and the rock mass deformation was monitored by multi-point displacement meters, and at the same time the fractal dimensions of strata borehole fissure distribution and energy release ratio(ERR) of rock mass were calculated by fractal principle, which are 1.2328 and 1.2685, respectively. The results demonstrate that rock deformation and fissure propagation are both in the second stage of fissure growth, and have not reached the fourth stage of fracture instability. Therefore, the conclusion can be obtained that the undersea mining in Sanshandao Gold Mine is safe at present.展开更多
文摘为了研究在不同共价交联条件(生物酶法和化学碱法)下,花青素对大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)的表面疏水性与功能特性的影响。采用荧光探针表征SPI交联花青素后表面疏水性的变化,采用起泡性、乳化性、粒径分析及ζ-电位分析等指标研究花青素对SPI功能性质的影响。结果表明,SPI与花青素共价交联后其表面疏水性显著下降(p<0.05),且添加的花青素浓度与SPI的表面疏水性成反比。尤其是花青素浓度为0.05%时,相较于SPI,酶法和碱法交联的花青素-SPI共价复合物(LC3和AC3)表面疏水性分别减少了87.71%和82.71%;花青素的添加使SPI的起泡性能和乳化性能得以改善,当添加相同浓度的花青素时,生物酶法比化学碱法的改善效果更明显;SPI与花青素交联后提高了ζ-电位的绝对值,使溶液液滴粒径分布更加均匀,溶液的稳定性更强,尤其LC3的ζ-电位绝对值比SPI和AC3分别高了64.35%和10.98%。
基金Project(2019sdzy05)supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province,ChinaProjects(51674288,51974359)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Through rock mechanics test, similar simulation experiment, borehole photographic observation of rock fissure, numerical simulation calculation of plastic zone distribution and deformation monitoring of rock mass during undersea mining, the fractal evolution mechanisms of rock fracture in undersea metallic deposits of Sanshandao Gold Mine were studied by fractal theory. The experimental researches on granite mechanics test in undersea deposit indicate that with the increase of load, the granite deformation energy and the fractal dimension of acoustic emission(FDAE) increase gradually. However, after reaching the peak stress of specimen, the fractal dimensions of acoustic emission(FDAEs) decrease and the granite specimen fails. Therefore, the fractal dimension evolution of rock failure can be divided into four stages, which are fissure inoculation stage, fissure growth stage, fissure expansion stage and fracture instability stage, respectively. By calculating and analyzing the damage photographs of rock specimens in Sanshandao Gold Mine, the fractal dimension of rock fissure is 1.4514, which is close to the average value of FDAE during granite destruction, i.e., 1.4693. Similar simulation experiments of undersea mining show that with the excavation proceeding, the FDAE in rock stratum increases gradually, and when the thickness of the isolation roof is less than 40 m, the FDAE begins to decrease, and meanwhile the sign of water inrush emerges. The numerical simulation researches on the plastic zone distribution of undersea mining in Sanshandao Gold Mine indicate that the fractal dimension of plastic zone(FDPZ) where the failure characteristics occur is 1.4598, close to the result of similar simulation experiment of 1.4364, which shows the sign of water inrush. Meanwhile, the thickness of the isolation roof for undersea mining should be more than 40 m, which is consistent with the results of similar simulation experiment. In Sanshandao Gold Mine, the rock fissures in undersea mining were observed by borehole photography and the rock mass deformation was monitored by multi-point displacement meters, and at the same time the fractal dimensions of strata borehole fissure distribution and energy release ratio(ERR) of rock mass were calculated by fractal principle, which are 1.2328 and 1.2685, respectively. The results demonstrate that rock deformation and fissure propagation are both in the second stage of fissure growth, and have not reached the fourth stage of fracture instability. Therefore, the conclusion can be obtained that the undersea mining in Sanshandao Gold Mine is safe at present.
