The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective ...The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective manner.In this review,we investigate the development of industrialwaste-based functional materials for various gas pollutant removal and consider the relevant reaction mechanism according to different types of industrial solid waste.We see a recent effort towards achieving high-performance environmental functional materials via chemical or physical modification,in which the active components,pore size,and phase structure can be altered.The review will discuss the potential of using industrial solid wastes,these modified materials,or synthesized materials from raw waste precursors for the removal of air pollutants,including SO_(2),NO_(x),Hg^(0),H_(2)S,VOCs,and CO_(2).The challenges still need to be addressed to realize this potential and the prospects for future research fully.The suggestions for future directions include determining the optimal composition of these materials,calculating the real reaction rate and turnover frequency,developing effective treatment methods,and establishing chemical component databases of raw industrial solid waste for catalysts/adsorbent preparation.展开更多
The EHL-2 spherical torus is designed to demonstrate proton-boron(p-11B)fusion within a compact spherical tokamak.Its planned heating system includes a negative ion-based neutral beam injection(N-NBI),two positive ion...The EHL-2 spherical torus is designed to demonstrate proton-boron(p-11B)fusion within a compact spherical tokamak.Its planned heating system includes a negative ion-based neutral beam injection(N-NBI),two positive ion-based NBI systems(P-NBI),electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH),ion cyclotron resonance heating(ICRH),and high harmonic fast wave(HHFW),with a total power output of 31 MW.According to scaling law estimates,the device is capable of achieving H-mode operation.The plasma density,,n_(e,min)at the minimum L-H power threshold,P_(lh),is estimated to be 4.4×10^(19)m^(-3).The pedestal parameters were calculated using the REPED model.Assuming B as the primary impurity ion,the predicted pedestal width and height are lower compared to the typical case with carbon impurities.The pedestal collisionality for EHL-2 is estimated to range between 0.06 and 0.17,indicating the potential for significant energy loss due to edge localized modes(ELMs).The heat flux on the divertor plate has been calculated using the JOREK code.The peak heat fluxes during ELM bursts are approximately 31.0 MW/m^(2)at the lower inboard target and 39.5 MW/m^(2)at the lower outboard target.A preliminary design of the resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)coils has been completed to both control type-I ELMs and correct error fields.The system comprises 16 coils arranged into 24 pairs.In ELM control mode,a 14/2 component is generated at 1.7 G/kAt,with a current of 4.9 kA required to achieveσChirikow=1 at the resonant surface,where the normalized poloidal magnetic flux is 0.85.In error field(EF)modulation mode,2/1 and 3/1 components are generated at 3.5 G/kAt and 2.8 G/kAt,respectively.展开更多
To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction...To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction.The arrangement of the elastic support element is determined by the equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient.In this paper,a dynamic model of skin in a fluid environment is established.The influence of equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient on flow stability is investigated.The results suggest that arranging the elastic support elements in accordance with the quasi-periodic law can effectively enhance flow stability.Meanwhile,the hydrodynamic noise calculation results demonstrate that the skin exhibits excellent noise reduction performance,with reductions of 10 dB in the streamwise direction,11 dB in the spanwise direction,and 10 dB in the normal direction.The results also demonstrate that the stability analysis method can serve as a diagnostic tool for flow fields and guide the design of noise reduction structures.展开更多
The evolution process of magnetic domains in response to external fields is crucial for the modern understanding and application of spintronics.In this study,we investigated the domain rotation in stripe domain films ...The evolution process of magnetic domains in response to external fields is crucial for the modern understanding and application of spintronics.In this study,we investigated the domain rotation in stripe domain films of varying thicknesses by examining their response to microwave excitation in four different orientations.The resonance spectra indicate that the rotation field of stripe domain film under an applied magnetic field approaches the field where the resonance mode of sample changes.The saturation field of the stripe domain film corresponds to the field where the resonance mode disappears when measured in the stripe direction parallel to the microwave magnetic field.The results are reproducible and consistent with micromagnetic simulations,providing additional approaches and techniques for comprehending the microscopic mechanisms of magnetic domains and characterizing their rotation.展开更多
Faced with the continuous occurrence of coal and gas outburst(hereinafter referred to as“outburst”)disasters,as a main controlling factor in the evolution process of an outburst,for gas pressure,it is still unclear ...Faced with the continuous occurrence of coal and gas outburst(hereinafter referred to as“outburst”)disasters,as a main controlling factor in the evolution process of an outburst,for gas pressure,it is still unclear about the phased characteristics of the coupling process with in situ stress,which induce coal damage and instability.Therefore,in the work based on the mining stress paths induced by typical outburst accidents,the gradual and sudden change of three-dimensional stress is taken as the background for the mechanical reconstruction of the disaster process.Then the true triaxial physical experiments are conducted on the damage and instability of coal containing gas under multiple stress paths.Finally,the response characterization between coal damage and gas pressure has been clarified,revealing the mechanism of action of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals.And the main controlling mechanism during the outburst process is elucidated in the coupling process of in situ stress with gas pressure.The results show that during the process of stress loading and unloading,the original gas pressure enters the processes of strengthening and weakening the action ability successively.And the strengthening effect continues to the period of large-scale destruction of coals.The mechanical process of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals can be divided into three stages:the enhancement of strengthening action ability,the decrease of strengthening action ability,and the weakening action ability.The entire process is implemented by changing the dominant action of in situ stress into the dominant action of gas pressure.The failure strength of coals is not only affected by its original mechanical strength,but also by the stress loading and unloading paths,showing a particularly significant effect.Three stages can be divided during outburst inoculation process.That is,firstly,the coals suffer from initial damage through the dominant action of in situ stress with synergy of gas pressure;secondly,the coals with spallation of structural division are generated through the dominant action of gas pressure with synergy of in situ stress,accompanied by further fragmentation;and finally,the fractured coals suffer from fragmentation and pulverization with the gas pressure action.Accordingly,the final broken coals are ejected out with the gas action,initiating an outburst.The research results can provide a new perspective for deepening the understanding of coal and gas outburst mechanism,laying a theoretical foundation for the innovation of outburst prevention and control technologies.展开更多
The Local Monte Carlo(LMC)method is used to solve the problems of deep penetration and long time in the neutronics calculation of the radial neutron camera(RNC)diagnostic system on the experimental advanced supercondu...The Local Monte Carlo(LMC)method is used to solve the problems of deep penetration and long time in the neutronics calculation of the radial neutron camera(RNC)diagnostic system on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST),and the radiation distribution of the RNC and the neutron flux at the detector positions of each channel are obtained.Compared with the results calculated by the global variance reduction method,it is shown that the LMC calculation is reliable within the reasonable error range.The calculation process of LMC is analyzed in detail,and the transport process of radiation particles is simulated in two steps.In the first step,an integrated neutronics model considering the complex window environment and a neutron source model based on EAST plasma shape are used to support the calculation.The particle information on the equivalent surface is analyzed to evaluate the rationality of settings of equivalent surface source and boundary.Based on the characteristic that only a local geometric model is needed in the second step,it is shown that the LMC is an advantageous calculation method for the nuclear shielding design of tokamak diagnostic systems.展开更多
Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks ...Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks are found in the magnetic entropy change(△S)curves,which correspond to the two transition temperatures.The maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes(△S)are found to be-5.1 J/(kg·K)and-9.3 J/(kg·K)for the field ranges of 0-2 T and 0-5 T,respectively.The large AS as well as ultra-low price of MM make(MM)Si a competitive magnetic refrigerant candidate for low temperature in Eriksson cycle.展开更多
An additional potential energy distribution function is introduced on the basis of previous D3Q25 model,and the equilibrium distribution function of D3Q25 is obtained by spherical function.A novel three-dimensional(3D...An additional potential energy distribution function is introduced on the basis of previous D3Q25 model,and the equilibrium distribution function of D3Q25 is obtained by spherical function.A novel three-dimensional(3D)shifted lattice model is proposed,therefore a shifted lattice model is introduced into D3Q25.Under the finite volume scheme,several typical compressible calculation examples are used to verify whether the numerical stability of the D3Q25 model can be improved by adding the shifted lattice model.The simulation results show that the numerical stability is indeed improved after adding the shifted lattice model.展开更多
低维钙钛矿太阳能电池(Low-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells,LD PSCs)是一种稳定性好、疏水性强的新型钙钛矿光伏器件,在新能源领域受到了广泛的关注。本实验以领域内的前沿进展为出发点,提供丁胺(Butylammonium,BA)离子、半胱氨酸...低维钙钛矿太阳能电池(Low-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells,LD PSCs)是一种稳定性好、疏水性强的新型钙钛矿光伏器件,在新能源领域受到了广泛的关注。本实验以领域内的前沿进展为出发点,提供丁胺(Butylammonium,BA)离子、半胱氨酸(2-氨基-3-巯基丙酸,Cysteine,Cys)离子作为有机间隔阳离子,合成了低维钙钛矿晶体并制备出以(BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1或(Cys)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1为活性层的钙钛矿太阳能电池,并通过X射线衍射检测、紫外-可见吸收检测等手段对产品进行表征,之后测定了钙钛矿器件的能量转换效率。本实验难度适中,涉及光伏器件的制备与表征,旨在激励本科生对前沿光电研究产生兴趣、培养其科研能力。展开更多
KFeSO_(4)F(KFSF)is considered a potential cathode due to the large capacity and low cost.However,the inferior electronic conductivity leads to poor electrochemical performance.Defect engineering can facilitate the ele...KFeSO_(4)F(KFSF)is considered a potential cathode due to the large capacity and low cost.However,the inferior electronic conductivity leads to poor electrochemical performance.Defect engineering can facilitate the electron/ion transfer by tuning electronic structure,thus providing favorable electrochemical performance.Herein,through the regulation of surface defect engineering in reduced graphene oxide(rGO),the Fe–C bonds were formed between KFSF and rGO.The Fe–C bonds formed work in regulating the Fe-3d orbital as well as promoting the migration ability of K ions and increasing the electronic conductivity of KFSF.Thus,the KFSF@rGO delivers a high capacity of 119.6 mAh g^(-1).When matched with a graphite@pitch-derived S-doped carbon anode,the full cell delivers an energy density of 250.5 Wh kg^(-1) and a capacity retention of 81.5%after 400 cycles.This work offers a simple and valid method to develop high-performance cathodes by tuning defect sites.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52270106 and 22266021)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(grant No.202202AG050005)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(grant No.202201AT070116).
文摘The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective manner.In this review,we investigate the development of industrialwaste-based functional materials for various gas pollutant removal and consider the relevant reaction mechanism according to different types of industrial solid waste.We see a recent effort towards achieving high-performance environmental functional materials via chemical or physical modification,in which the active components,pore size,and phase structure can be altered.The review will discuss the potential of using industrial solid wastes,these modified materials,or synthesized materials from raw waste precursors for the removal of air pollutants,including SO_(2),NO_(x),Hg^(0),H_(2)S,VOCs,and CO_(2).The challenges still need to be addressed to realize this potential and the prospects for future research fully.The suggestions for future directions include determining the optimal composition of these materials,calculating the real reaction rate and turnover frequency,developing effective treatment methods,and establishing chemical component databases of raw industrial solid waste for catalysts/adsorbent preparation.
基金the auspices of National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.12075284 and 12205157)supported by the High-End Talents Program of Hebei Province,Innovative Approaches towards Development of Carbon-Free Clean Fusion Energy(No.2021HBQZYCSB006).
文摘The EHL-2 spherical torus is designed to demonstrate proton-boron(p-11B)fusion within a compact spherical tokamak.Its planned heating system includes a negative ion-based neutral beam injection(N-NBI),two positive ion-based NBI systems(P-NBI),electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH),ion cyclotron resonance heating(ICRH),and high harmonic fast wave(HHFW),with a total power output of 31 MW.According to scaling law estimates,the device is capable of achieving H-mode operation.The plasma density,,n_(e,min)at the minimum L-H power threshold,P_(lh),is estimated to be 4.4×10^(19)m^(-3).The pedestal parameters were calculated using the REPED model.Assuming B as the primary impurity ion,the predicted pedestal width and height are lower compared to the typical case with carbon impurities.The pedestal collisionality for EHL-2 is estimated to range between 0.06 and 0.17,indicating the potential for significant energy loss due to edge localized modes(ELMs).The heat flux on the divertor plate has been calculated using the JOREK code.The peak heat fluxes during ELM bursts are approximately 31.0 MW/m^(2)at the lower inboard target and 39.5 MW/m^(2)at the lower outboard target.A preliminary design of the resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)coils has been completed to both control type-I ELMs and correct error fields.The system comprises 16 coils arranged into 24 pairs.In ELM control mode,a 14/2 component is generated at 1.7 G/kAt,with a current of 4.9 kA required to achieveσChirikow=1 at the resonant surface,where the normalized poloidal magnetic flux is 0.85.In error field(EF)modulation mode,2/1 and 3/1 components are generated at 3.5 G/kAt and 2.8 G/kAt,respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52075111,51775123)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3072022JC0701)。
文摘To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction.The arrangement of the elastic support element is determined by the equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient.In this paper,a dynamic model of skin in a fluid environment is established.The influence of equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient on flow stability is investigated.The results suggest that arranging the elastic support elements in accordance with the quasi-periodic law can effectively enhance flow stability.Meanwhile,the hydrodynamic noise calculation results demonstrate that the skin exhibits excellent noise reduction performance,with reductions of 10 dB in the streamwise direction,11 dB in the spanwise direction,and 10 dB in the normal direction.The results also demonstrate that the stability analysis method can serve as a diagnostic tool for flow fields and guide the design of noise reduction structures.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2022MA053),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11704211,11847233,52301255,12205157,and 12205093)the Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.lzujbky-2022-kb01)+2 种基金China and Germany Postdoctoral Exchange Program(Helmholtz-OCPC)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M632608)Applied Basic Research Project of Qingdao(Grant No.18-2-2-16-jcb).
文摘The evolution process of magnetic domains in response to external fields is crucial for the modern understanding and application of spintronics.In this study,we investigated the domain rotation in stripe domain films of varying thicknesses by examining their response to microwave excitation in four different orientations.The resonance spectra indicate that the rotation field of stripe domain film under an applied magnetic field approaches the field where the resonance mode of sample changes.The saturation field of the stripe domain film corresponds to the field where the resonance mode disappears when measured in the stripe direction parallel to the microwave magnetic field.The results are reproducible and consistent with micromagnetic simulations,providing additional approaches and techniques for comprehending the microscopic mechanisms of magnetic domains and characterizing their rotation.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104236)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22CX06018A)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M672177).
文摘Faced with the continuous occurrence of coal and gas outburst(hereinafter referred to as“outburst”)disasters,as a main controlling factor in the evolution process of an outburst,for gas pressure,it is still unclear about the phased characteristics of the coupling process with in situ stress,which induce coal damage and instability.Therefore,in the work based on the mining stress paths induced by typical outburst accidents,the gradual and sudden change of three-dimensional stress is taken as the background for the mechanical reconstruction of the disaster process.Then the true triaxial physical experiments are conducted on the damage and instability of coal containing gas under multiple stress paths.Finally,the response characterization between coal damage and gas pressure has been clarified,revealing the mechanism of action of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals.And the main controlling mechanism during the outburst process is elucidated in the coupling process of in situ stress with gas pressure.The results show that during the process of stress loading and unloading,the original gas pressure enters the processes of strengthening and weakening the action ability successively.And the strengthening effect continues to the period of large-scale destruction of coals.The mechanical process of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals can be divided into three stages:the enhancement of strengthening action ability,the decrease of strengthening action ability,and the weakening action ability.The entire process is implemented by changing the dominant action of in situ stress into the dominant action of gas pressure.The failure strength of coals is not only affected by its original mechanical strength,but also by the stress loading and unloading paths,showing a particularly significant effect.Three stages can be divided during outburst inoculation process.That is,firstly,the coals suffer from initial damage through the dominant action of in situ stress with synergy of gas pressure;secondly,the coals with spallation of structural division are generated through the dominant action of gas pressure with synergy of in situ stress,accompanied by further fragmentation;and finally,the fractured coals suffer from fragmentation and pulverization with the gas pressure action.Accordingly,the final broken coals are ejected out with the gas action,initiating an outburst.The research results can provide a new perspective for deepening the understanding of coal and gas outburst mechanism,laying a theoretical foundation for the innovation of outburst prevention and control technologies.
基金support and help in this research.This work was supported by Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(No.2020HSC-UE012)Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11605241)。
文摘The Local Monte Carlo(LMC)method is used to solve the problems of deep penetration and long time in the neutronics calculation of the radial neutron camera(RNC)diagnostic system on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST),and the radiation distribution of the RNC and the neutron flux at the detector positions of each channel are obtained.Compared with the results calculated by the global variance reduction method,it is shown that the LMC calculation is reliable within the reasonable error range.The calculation process of LMC is analyzed in detail,and the transport process of radiation particles is simulated in two steps.In the first step,an integrated neutronics model considering the complex window environment and a neutron source model based on EAST plasma shape are used to support the calculation.The particle information on the equivalent surface is analyzed to evaluate the rationality of settings of equivalent surface source and boundary.Based on the characteristic that only a local geometric model is needed in the second step,it is shown that the LMC is an advantageous calculation method for the nuclear shielding design of tokamak diagnostic systems.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51701130,51571146,and 51771124.
文摘Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks are found in the magnetic entropy change(△S)curves,which correspond to the two transition temperatures.The maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes(△S)are found to be-5.1 J/(kg·K)and-9.3 J/(kg·K)for the field ranges of 0-2 T and 0-5 T,respectively.The large AS as well as ultra-low price of MM make(MM)Si a competitive magnetic refrigerant candidate for low temperature in Eriksson cycle.
基金the Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972272,12072246,and 12202331)the National Key Project,China(Grant No.GJXM92579)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(Program No.2022JQ-028)。
文摘An additional potential energy distribution function is introduced on the basis of previous D3Q25 model,and the equilibrium distribution function of D3Q25 is obtained by spherical function.A novel three-dimensional(3D)shifted lattice model is proposed,therefore a shifted lattice model is introduced into D3Q25.Under the finite volume scheme,several typical compressible calculation examples are used to verify whether the numerical stability of the D3Q25 model can be improved by adding the shifted lattice model.The simulation results show that the numerical stability is indeed improved after adding the shifted lattice model.
文摘低维钙钛矿太阳能电池(Low-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells,LD PSCs)是一种稳定性好、疏水性强的新型钙钛矿光伏器件,在新能源领域受到了广泛的关注。本实验以领域内的前沿进展为出发点,提供丁胺(Butylammonium,BA)离子、半胱氨酸(2-氨基-3-巯基丙酸,Cysteine,Cys)离子作为有机间隔阳离子,合成了低维钙钛矿晶体并制备出以(BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1或(Cys)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1为活性层的钙钛矿太阳能电池,并通过X射线衍射检测、紫外-可见吸收检测等手段对产品进行表征,之后测定了钙钛矿器件的能量转换效率。本实验难度适中,涉及光伏器件的制备与表征,旨在激励本科生对前沿光电研究产生兴趣、培养其科研能力。
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0202000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52102213)Science Technology Program of Jilin Province(Grant No.20230101128JC).
文摘KFeSO_(4)F(KFSF)is considered a potential cathode due to the large capacity and low cost.However,the inferior electronic conductivity leads to poor electrochemical performance.Defect engineering can facilitate the electron/ion transfer by tuning electronic structure,thus providing favorable electrochemical performance.Herein,through the regulation of surface defect engineering in reduced graphene oxide(rGO),the Fe–C bonds were formed between KFSF and rGO.The Fe–C bonds formed work in regulating the Fe-3d orbital as well as promoting the migration ability of K ions and increasing the electronic conductivity of KFSF.Thus,the KFSF@rGO delivers a high capacity of 119.6 mAh g^(-1).When matched with a graphite@pitch-derived S-doped carbon anode,the full cell delivers an energy density of 250.5 Wh kg^(-1) and a capacity retention of 81.5%after 400 cycles.This work offers a simple and valid method to develop high-performance cathodes by tuning defect sites.
