水面无人艇是海上有人/无人协同作战体系中重要的一环,对装备的保障性、可维修性要求较高,因此亟需建立与其装备体系相匹配的装备保障体系。为解决水面无人艇的保障体系设计问题,应用基于模型的系统工程(Model Based System Engineering...水面无人艇是海上有人/无人协同作战体系中重要的一环,对装备的保障性、可维修性要求较高,因此亟需建立与其装备体系相匹配的装备保障体系。为解决水面无人艇的保障体系设计问题,应用基于模型的系统工程(Model Based System Engineering,MBSE)方法,面向典型应用场景构建水面无人艇装备保障体系的多视图模型,并给出水面无人艇装备保障体系在仿真推演过程中的关键要素和基本流程,初步构建可靠性-能力-效能综合评估指标体系,实现了“作战任务-保障任务-保障能力需求-保障体系结构”的闭环验证,为水面无人艇装备体系和装备保障体系的协同设计和高效运用提供参考。展开更多
背景与目的肺癌是国内外致死率最高的恶性肿瘤,肺结节的精确检测是降低肺癌死亡率的关键。人工智能辅助诊断系统在肺结节检测、良恶性鉴别和浸润亚型诊断等领域发展迅速,对其效能进行验证是促进其应用于临床的前提。本研究旨在评估人工...背景与目的肺癌是国内外致死率最高的恶性肿瘤,肺结节的精确检测是降低肺癌死亡率的关键。人工智能辅助诊断系统在肺结节检测、良恶性鉴别和浸润亚型诊断等领域发展迅速,对其效能进行验证是促进其应用于临床的前提。本研究旨在评估人工智能辅助诊断系统预测肺结节早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的效能。方法回顾性分析2016年1月1日-2021年12月31日期间兰州大学第二医院收治的223例肺结节早期肺腺癌患者的临床资料,将早期肺腺癌分为浸润性腺癌组(n=170)和非浸润性腺癌组(n=53),其中非浸润性腺癌组又分为微浸润性腺癌组(n=31)和浸润前病变组(n=22)。比较各组的恶性概率和影像特征等信息,分析其对早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的预测能力,并对人工智能辅助诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型定性诊断的结果与术后病理进行一致性分析。结果早期肺腺癌不同浸润亚型肺结节的平均CT值(P<0.001)、直径(P<0.001)、体积(P<0.001)、恶性概率(P<0.001)、胸膜凹陷征(P<0.001)、分叶征(P<0.001)、毛刺征(P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义;随着早期肺腺癌不同浸润亚型浸润性增加,各组参数显性征象比例也逐渐升高;在二分类问题上,人工智能辅助诊断系统定性诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的敏感性、特异性及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为81.76%、92.45%和0.871;在三分类问题上,人工智能辅助诊断系统定性诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的准确率、召回率、F1分数及AUC分别为83.86%、85.03%、76.46%和0.879。结论该人工智能辅助诊断系统对肺结节早期肺腺癌浸润亚型具有一定的预测价值,随着算法的优化和数据的完善或可为患者个体化治疗提供指导。展开更多
MXene,a new type of two-dimensional materials,have been demonstrated as one of the best photothermal materials owing to their strong light-matter interaction and high photothermal conversion efficiency in recent years...MXene,a new type of two-dimensional materials,have been demonstrated as one of the best photothermal materials owing to their strong light-matter interaction and high photothermal conversion efficiency in recent years.Herein,we report the intriguing light-to-heat conversion property of vanadium carbide(V_(2)C)MXene under irradiation of millisecond laser pulse.Unlike the typical photothermal materials,the V_(2)C MXene not only converts the incident laser energy to heat by the physical photothermal effect,but also triggers the exothermic oxidation of the V_(2)C MXene.The oxidation could be greatly promoted with addition of plasmonic Au nanorods(Au NRs)for light absorption enhancement.Owing to the unique light-to-heat conversion property,the Au NRs/V_(2)C MXene membrane could serve as high temperature pulse(HTP)generators that is proposed for numerous applications with high demand for immediacy.As a proof-of concept application,Au NRs/V_(2)C MXene membrane was applied for laser ignition of the high energy density materials,such as 2,4,6,8,10,12-(hexanitrohexaaza)cyclododecane(HNIW or CL-20).An improved ignition performance,in terms of lowered laser threshold,is achieved as compared to the state-of-the-art light-to-heat conversion materials.展开更多
High purity and ultrafine DAAF(u-DAAF)is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators.Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF,developing a preparation method with stable operation,accurate control,good quality c...High purity and ultrafine DAAF(u-DAAF)is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators.Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF,developing a preparation method with stable operation,accurate control,good quality consistency,equipment miniaturization,and minimum manpower is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the current social technology development trend.Here reported is the microfluidic preparation of u-DAAF with tunable particle size by a passive swirling microreactor.Under the guidance of recrystallization growth kinetics and mixing behavior of fluids in the swirling microreactor,the key parameters(liquid flow rate,explosive concentration and crystallization temperature)were screened and optimized through screening experiments.Under the condition that no surfactant is added and only experimental parameters are controlled,the particle size of recrystallized DAAF can be adjusted from 98 nm to 785 nm,and the corresponding specific surface area is 8.45 m^(2)·g^(-1)to 1.33 m^(2)·g^(-1).In addition,the preparation method has good batch stability,high yield(90.8%-92.6%)and high purity(99.0%-99.4%),indicating a high practical application potential.Electric explosion derived flyer initiation tests demonstrate that the u-DAAF shows an initiation sensitivity much lower than that of the raw DAAF,and comparable to that of the refined DAAF by conventional spraying crystallization method.This study provides an efficient method to fabricate u-DAAF with narrow particle size distribution and high reproducibility as well as a theoretical reference for fabrication of other ultrafine explosives.展开更多
文摘水面无人艇是海上有人/无人协同作战体系中重要的一环,对装备的保障性、可维修性要求较高,因此亟需建立与其装备体系相匹配的装备保障体系。为解决水面无人艇的保障体系设计问题,应用基于模型的系统工程(Model Based System Engineering,MBSE)方法,面向典型应用场景构建水面无人艇装备保障体系的多视图模型,并给出水面无人艇装备保障体系在仿真推演过程中的关键要素和基本流程,初步构建可靠性-能力-效能综合评估指标体系,实现了“作战任务-保障任务-保障能力需求-保障体系结构”的闭环验证,为水面无人艇装备体系和装备保障体系的协同设计和高效运用提供参考。
文摘背景与目的肺癌是国内外致死率最高的恶性肿瘤,肺结节的精确检测是降低肺癌死亡率的关键。人工智能辅助诊断系统在肺结节检测、良恶性鉴别和浸润亚型诊断等领域发展迅速,对其效能进行验证是促进其应用于临床的前提。本研究旨在评估人工智能辅助诊断系统预测肺结节早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的效能。方法回顾性分析2016年1月1日-2021年12月31日期间兰州大学第二医院收治的223例肺结节早期肺腺癌患者的临床资料,将早期肺腺癌分为浸润性腺癌组(n=170)和非浸润性腺癌组(n=53),其中非浸润性腺癌组又分为微浸润性腺癌组(n=31)和浸润前病变组(n=22)。比较各组的恶性概率和影像特征等信息,分析其对早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的预测能力,并对人工智能辅助诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型定性诊断的结果与术后病理进行一致性分析。结果早期肺腺癌不同浸润亚型肺结节的平均CT值(P<0.001)、直径(P<0.001)、体积(P<0.001)、恶性概率(P<0.001)、胸膜凹陷征(P<0.001)、分叶征(P<0.001)、毛刺征(P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义;随着早期肺腺癌不同浸润亚型浸润性增加,各组参数显性征象比例也逐渐升高;在二分类问题上,人工智能辅助诊断系统定性诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的敏感性、特异性及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为81.76%、92.45%和0.871;在三分类问题上,人工智能辅助诊断系统定性诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的准确率、召回率、F1分数及AUC分别为83.86%、85.03%、76.46%和0.879。结论该人工智能辅助诊断系统对肺结节早期肺腺癌浸润亚型具有一定的预测价值,随着算法的优化和数据的完善或可为患者个体化治疗提供指导。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21703217, 11702264, 11702268, 11802276, 11772307) for financial support
文摘MXene,a new type of two-dimensional materials,have been demonstrated as one of the best photothermal materials owing to their strong light-matter interaction and high photothermal conversion efficiency in recent years.Herein,we report the intriguing light-to-heat conversion property of vanadium carbide(V_(2)C)MXene under irradiation of millisecond laser pulse.Unlike the typical photothermal materials,the V_(2)C MXene not only converts the incident laser energy to heat by the physical photothermal effect,but also triggers the exothermic oxidation of the V_(2)C MXene.The oxidation could be greatly promoted with addition of plasmonic Au nanorods(Au NRs)for light absorption enhancement.Owing to the unique light-to-heat conversion property,the Au NRs/V_(2)C MXene membrane could serve as high temperature pulse(HTP)generators that is proposed for numerous applications with high demand for immediacy.As a proof-of concept application,Au NRs/V_(2)C MXene membrane was applied for laser ignition of the high energy density materials,such as 2,4,6,8,10,12-(hexanitrohexaaza)cyclododecane(HNIW or CL-20).An improved ignition performance,in terms of lowered laser threshold,is achieved as compared to the state-of-the-art light-to-heat conversion materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.22105184)Research Fund of SWUST for PhD (Grant No.22zx7175)+1 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant No.2019ZDZX0013)Institute of Chemical Materials Program (Grant No.SXK-2022-03)for financial support。
文摘High purity and ultrafine DAAF(u-DAAF)is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators.Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF,developing a preparation method with stable operation,accurate control,good quality consistency,equipment miniaturization,and minimum manpower is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the current social technology development trend.Here reported is the microfluidic preparation of u-DAAF with tunable particle size by a passive swirling microreactor.Under the guidance of recrystallization growth kinetics and mixing behavior of fluids in the swirling microreactor,the key parameters(liquid flow rate,explosive concentration and crystallization temperature)were screened and optimized through screening experiments.Under the condition that no surfactant is added and only experimental parameters are controlled,the particle size of recrystallized DAAF can be adjusted from 98 nm to 785 nm,and the corresponding specific surface area is 8.45 m^(2)·g^(-1)to 1.33 m^(2)·g^(-1).In addition,the preparation method has good batch stability,high yield(90.8%-92.6%)and high purity(99.0%-99.4%),indicating a high practical application potential.Electric explosion derived flyer initiation tests demonstrate that the u-DAAF shows an initiation sensitivity much lower than that of the raw DAAF,and comparable to that of the refined DAAF by conventional spraying crystallization method.This study provides an efficient method to fabricate u-DAAF with narrow particle size distribution and high reproducibility as well as a theoretical reference for fabrication of other ultrafine explosives.
