【目的】研究目前常用的4种缓释载体对信息化学物质的释放速率,为研发对昆虫信息素和寄主挥发物释放速率稳定、持效期长的仿生诱芯提供依据。【方法】在室内条件下(温度24~26℃,相对湿度50%~80%,气体流速300 m L·min-1),采用动态...【目的】研究目前常用的4种缓释载体对信息化学物质的释放速率,为研发对昆虫信息素和寄主挥发物释放速率稳定、持效期长的仿生诱芯提供依据。【方法】在室内条件下(温度24~26℃,相对湿度50%~80%,气体流速300 m L·min-1),采用动态顶空吸附法(吸附剂Porapak Q)在不同时间收集小蠹虫4种聚集信息素成分、松毛虫2种性信息素成分和寄主挥发物2种萜烯成分在4种缓释载体上的释放量,用正己烷洗脱采样管后进行气相色谱定量分析。【结果】在分析测试时间内,聚氯乙烯塑料膜缓释载体(Bubble cap)对小蠹烯醇(ipsenol)的释放速率高于小蠹二烯醇(ipsdienol),其4种异构体成分在第2,22,29天释放速率差异显著。第2天初次测试时聚集信息素成分具有较高的释放量,然后释放速率持续下降到第15天,第15~36天释放速率又迅速上升并在第36天达到最大释放量,然后又逐渐下降到低释放速率状态。封口的聚乙烯管缓释载体(PE tube,#730)不释放松毛虫性信息素成分顺5,反7-十二碳二烯醛和顺5,反7-十二碳二烯醇,而未封口的聚乙烯管缓释载体释放这2种成分,说明这2种松毛虫性信息素成分不能穿透聚乙烯管缓释载体1mm厚的管壁而释放。寄主挥发性成分α-蒎烯[S-(-)-α-蒎烯和R-(+)-α-蒎烯)在聚乙烯塑料瓶缓释载体(PE bottle)中的释放速率前期不稳定,43天后处于平稳低释放状态,释放高峰期内2种成分的释放速率在第15天和29天差异显著;但S-(-)-α-蒎烯与R-(+)-α-蒎烯平均释放速率差异不显著。反式马鞭草烯醇和顺式马鞭草烯醇在聚乙烯塑料纸缓释载体(PE pouch)中的释放模式相似,第2~15天是平稳低释放状态;第16天释放速率迅速上升,第36天(反式马鞭草烯醇)或第43天(顺式马鞭草烯醇)达到最大释放量,然后释放速率逐渐下降到低释放状态。在释放高峰期,2种成分的释放速率只有第43天差异不显著,其余时间段均差异显著。【结论】明确了昆虫信息化学物质在4种常用缓释载体上的释放模式及其诱芯在林间的释放动态特征,对评价仿生诱芯在害虫种群监测和防控中的使用效果具有指导意义,可为生产上针对不同信息化学物质选用最适宜的缓释载体提供技术支持。展开更多
The volatile from pine needles of Pinus yunnanensis was extracted by steam distillation. The chemical constituents of the volatile were analyzed by GC-MS and their rative contents was determined by area normalization....The volatile from pine needles of Pinus yunnanensis was extracted by steam distillation. The chemical constituents of the volatile were analyzed by GC-MS and their rative contents was determined by area normalization. 53 compounds were separated,50 of them were identified.These 50 compounds amounted totally to about 94% of the components in the volatile and 97.467% of the total peak area. The maior components of the volatile were palmitamide(16.581%)and germacrene D(15.045%).展开更多
文摘The volatile from pine needles of Pinus yunnanensis was extracted by steam distillation. The chemical constituents of the volatile were analyzed by GC-MS and their rative contents was determined by area normalization. 53 compounds were separated,50 of them were identified.These 50 compounds amounted totally to about 94% of the components in the volatile and 97.467% of the total peak area. The maior components of the volatile were palmitamide(16.581%)and germacrene D(15.045%).
