【目的】基于水文过程模拟分析,研究白洋淀上游山区水源涵养林优化配置,提升该区水源涵养林建设质量。【方法】以2016年为例,利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型验证了白洋淀上游山区安各庄流域本地化过程的适用性,根据安各...【目的】基于水文过程模拟分析,研究白洋淀上游山区水源涵养林优化配置,提升该区水源涵养林建设质量。【方法】以2016年为例,利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型验证了白洋淀上游山区安各庄流域本地化过程的适用性,根据安各庄流域立地条件共划分63种立地类型并进行立地质量等级评价。根据立地条件进行水源涵养林空间配置,再利用SWAT模型情景分析模拟不同水源涵养林空间配置下的径流量。【结果】在以调整混交林、针叶林为主的情景下,流域丰水期径流量比实测值减少15.79%,枯水期径流量比实测值增加15.83%。在空间配置上,阔叶林主要配置在缓坡和斜坡地,以阳坡为好;混交林主要配置在斜坡地和陡坡地;针叶林主要配置在陡坡地,以阴坡为好;灌木林主要配置在斜坡地和陡坡地,尤其是在土层薄的部位。【结论】在以混交林、针叶林为主的空间配置下,水源涵养林涵养水源功能发挥最好。展开更多
[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in t...[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River.This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes.[Methods]Environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition,biodiversity patterns,and niche parameters of dominant species.Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5).[Results]The eDNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera,13 families,and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(eDNA)in this survey,including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus.The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling,settling ovum-producing,omnivorous fish.The variation ranges of the Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon index,and Simpson index are 736~996,719~965,1.58~3.23,and 0.83~0.99,respectively,indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high.All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points.Cluster analysis showed that,at a certain similarity level,fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups:ZT1,ZT3,and ZT5 clustered together,and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together,indicating similar fish community habitats.There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve,with niche widths(Bi)ranging from 1.13 to 3.87.The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish,such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi,with the niche overlap index(Oik)of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0.95.This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground.[Conclusion]The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition.This study establishes an eDNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method,providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.展开更多
文摘【目的】基于水文过程模拟分析,研究白洋淀上游山区水源涵养林优化配置,提升该区水源涵养林建设质量。【方法】以2016年为例,利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型验证了白洋淀上游山区安各庄流域本地化过程的适用性,根据安各庄流域立地条件共划分63种立地类型并进行立地质量等级评价。根据立地条件进行水源涵养林空间配置,再利用SWAT模型情景分析模拟不同水源涵养林空间配置下的径流量。【结果】在以调整混交林、针叶林为主的情景下,流域丰水期径流量比实测值减少15.79%,枯水期径流量比实测值增加15.83%。在空间配置上,阔叶林主要配置在缓坡和斜坡地,以阳坡为好;混交林主要配置在斜坡地和陡坡地;针叶林主要配置在陡坡地,以阴坡为好;灌木林主要配置在斜坡地和陡坡地,尤其是在土层薄的部位。【结论】在以混交林、针叶林为主的空间配置下,水源涵养林涵养水源功能发挥最好。
文摘[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River.This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes.[Methods]Environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition,biodiversity patterns,and niche parameters of dominant species.Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5).[Results]The eDNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera,13 families,and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(eDNA)in this survey,including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus.The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling,settling ovum-producing,omnivorous fish.The variation ranges of the Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon index,and Simpson index are 736~996,719~965,1.58~3.23,and 0.83~0.99,respectively,indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high.All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points.Cluster analysis showed that,at a certain similarity level,fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups:ZT1,ZT3,and ZT5 clustered together,and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together,indicating similar fish community habitats.There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve,with niche widths(Bi)ranging from 1.13 to 3.87.The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish,such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi,with the niche overlap index(Oik)of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0.95.This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground.[Conclusion]The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition.This study establishes an eDNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method,providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.
