This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
目的探讨肥胖对胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法取雄性SD大鼠,采用高脂饮食喂养的方法建立大鼠肥胖模型。取肥胖模型组(obese model group,OM组)和正常对照组(normal control group,NC组)大鼠各10只检测。测定空腹血糖(FBG)...目的探讨肥胖对胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法取雄性SD大鼠,采用高脂饮食喂养的方法建立大鼠肥胖模型。取肥胖模型组(obese model group,OM组)和正常对照组(normal control group,NC组)大鼠各10只检测。测定空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)及血清胰岛素(FIns)的水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。苏木精-伊红染色观察胰腺组织病理变化;脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测β细胞凋亡水平;Western blot检测细胞色素C(Cyt C)在线粒体、细胞质中的分布情况及活化的胱天蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达水平。结果与NC组比较,OM组大鼠FBG、TC、TG、FFA、FIns、HOMA-IR、凋亡指数、胞质Cyt C水平及活化的Caspase-3表达水平均明显升高;线粒体Cyt C水平明显降低(均P<0.05);胰腺组织出现结构破坏、脂质变性等改变。结论肥胖通过线粒体途径增加胰岛β细胞的凋亡水平。展开更多
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
文摘目的探讨肥胖对胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法取雄性SD大鼠,采用高脂饮食喂养的方法建立大鼠肥胖模型。取肥胖模型组(obese model group,OM组)和正常对照组(normal control group,NC组)大鼠各10只检测。测定空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)及血清胰岛素(FIns)的水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。苏木精-伊红染色观察胰腺组织病理变化;脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测β细胞凋亡水平;Western blot检测细胞色素C(Cyt C)在线粒体、细胞质中的分布情况及活化的胱天蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达水平。结果与NC组比较,OM组大鼠FBG、TC、TG、FFA、FIns、HOMA-IR、凋亡指数、胞质Cyt C水平及活化的Caspase-3表达水平均明显升高;线粒体Cyt C水平明显降低(均P<0.05);胰腺组织出现结构破坏、脂质变性等改变。结论肥胖通过线粒体途径增加胰岛β细胞的凋亡水平。
