目的为了有效地提高实际施工作业的效率,针对小型挖掘机工具切换方式进行了创新设计,以机器自动更换工具的方式取代人力更换,缩短工作时间,增加操控的稳定性和便捷性。方法本文依据人机工程学的理论数据,结合设计调研的研究方法,借鉴数...目的为了有效地提高实际施工作业的效率,针对小型挖掘机工具切换方式进行了创新设计,以机器自动更换工具的方式取代人力更换,缩短工作时间,增加操控的稳定性和便捷性。方法本文依据人机工程学的理论数据,结合设计调研的研究方法,借鉴数控机床工具系统的工作原理,对现有小型挖掘机的操控、施工作业进行设计。结果创造性地提出了一种全新的携带式旋转工具库,工具库中包含四种常用的施工工具,可以完成挖掘、钻孔、打凿破碎、淤泥清除等作业,利用旋转工具库圆盘可以完成工具的切换。本设计名为KAMA智能小型挖掘机(KAMA,Intelligent Mini Excavator),为中国小型挖掘机的产品创新找到了设计思路和研发途径。结论通过人类工效学评估,采用新型工具库的挖掘机设计可以准确、有效地完成各项施工任务。展开更多
The ionization processes of NH3 molecule are studied by photoelectron velocity map imaging technique in a linearly polarized 400-nm femtosecond laser field. The two-dimensional photoelectron images from ammonia molecu...The ionization processes of NH3 molecule are studied by photoelectron velocity map imaging technique in a linearly polarized 400-nm femtosecond laser field. The two-dimensional photoelectron images from ammonia molecules under different laser intensities are obtained. In the slow electron region, the values of kinetic energy of photoelectrons corresponding to peaks 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 0.27, 0.86, 1.16, and 1.6 eV, respectively. With both the kinetic energy and angular distribution of photoelectrons from NH3 molecules, we can confirm that the two-photon excited intermediate Rydberg state is A^1 A2" (v2'=3) state for photoelectron peaks 2, 3, 4, and the three peaks are marked as 1223 (2 + 2), 1123 (2 + 2), and 1023 (2 + 2) multi-photon processes, respectively. Then, peak 1 is found by adding a hexapole between the source chamber and the detection chamber to realize the rotational state selection and beam focusing. Peak 1 is labeled as the 1323 (3 + 1) multi-photon process through the intermediate Rydberg state E^1A1'. The phenomena of channel switching are found in the slow electron kinetic energy distributions. Our calculations and experimental results indicate that the stretching vibrational mode of ammonia molecules varies with channels, while the umbrella vibration does not. In addition, we consider and discuss the ac-Stark effect in a strong laser field. Peaks 5 and 6 are marked as (2 + 2 + 1) and (2 + 2 + 2) above threshold ionization processes in the fast electron region.展开更多
The above-threshold ionization process of ammonia molecules induced by a femtosecond laser field at 800 nm is studied in the intensity range from 1.6×10^(13) to 5.7×10^(13)W/cm^(2).Channel switching under di...The above-threshold ionization process of ammonia molecules induced by a femtosecond laser field at 800 nm is studied in the intensity range from 1.6×10^(13) to 5.7×10^(13)W/cm^(2).Channel switching under different laser intensities is observed and identified in the photoelectron kinetic energy spectra of ammonia.Based on the photoelectron kinetic energy distributions and the photoelectron angular distributions,the characteristic peaks observed are exclusively assigned to the multiphoton resonance through certain intermediate states,followed by multiphoton above-threshold ionization.展开更多
文摘目的为了有效地提高实际施工作业的效率,针对小型挖掘机工具切换方式进行了创新设计,以机器自动更换工具的方式取代人力更换,缩短工作时间,增加操控的稳定性和便捷性。方法本文依据人机工程学的理论数据,结合设计调研的研究方法,借鉴数控机床工具系统的工作原理,对现有小型挖掘机的操控、施工作业进行设计。结果创造性地提出了一种全新的携带式旋转工具库,工具库中包含四种常用的施工工具,可以完成挖掘、钻孔、打凿破碎、淤泥清除等作业,利用旋转工具库圆盘可以完成工具的切换。本设计名为KAMA智能小型挖掘机(KAMA,Intelligent Mini Excavator),为中国小型挖掘机的产品创新找到了设计思路和研发途径。结论通过人类工效学评估,采用新型工具库的挖掘机设计可以准确、有效地完成各项施工任务。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11574116, 11534004, and 10704028).
文摘The ionization processes of NH3 molecule are studied by photoelectron velocity map imaging technique in a linearly polarized 400-nm femtosecond laser field. The two-dimensional photoelectron images from ammonia molecules under different laser intensities are obtained. In the slow electron region, the values of kinetic energy of photoelectrons corresponding to peaks 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 0.27, 0.86, 1.16, and 1.6 eV, respectively. With both the kinetic energy and angular distribution of photoelectrons from NH3 molecules, we can confirm that the two-photon excited intermediate Rydberg state is A^1 A2" (v2'=3) state for photoelectron peaks 2, 3, 4, and the three peaks are marked as 1223 (2 + 2), 1123 (2 + 2), and 1023 (2 + 2) multi-photon processes, respectively. Then, peak 1 is found by adding a hexapole between the source chamber and the detection chamber to realize the rotational state selection and beam focusing. Peak 1 is labeled as the 1323 (3 + 1) multi-photon process through the intermediate Rydberg state E^1A1'. The phenomena of channel switching are found in the slow electron kinetic energy distributions. Our calculations and experimental results indicate that the stretching vibrational mode of ammonia molecules varies with channels, while the umbrella vibration does not. In addition, we consider and discuss the ac-Stark effect in a strong laser field. Peaks 5 and 6 are marked as (2 + 2 + 1) and (2 + 2 + 2) above threshold ionization processes in the fast electron region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11574116,11534004,11704147,and 10704028)。
文摘The above-threshold ionization process of ammonia molecules induced by a femtosecond laser field at 800 nm is studied in the intensity range from 1.6×10^(13) to 5.7×10^(13)W/cm^(2).Channel switching under different laser intensities is observed and identified in the photoelectron kinetic energy spectra of ammonia.Based on the photoelectron kinetic energy distributions and the photoelectron angular distributions,the characteristic peaks observed are exclusively assigned to the multiphoton resonance through certain intermediate states,followed by multiphoton above-threshold ionization.
