Although the nonlinear interactions between a single short gravity wave and a long wave can be solved analytically, the solution is less tractable in more general cases involving multiple short waves. In this work we ...Although the nonlinear interactions between a single short gravity wave and a long wave can be solved analytically, the solution is less tractable in more general cases involving multiple short waves. In this work we present a numerical method of studying nonlinear interactions between a long wave and multiple short harmonic waves in infinitely deep water. Specifically, this method is applied to the calculation of the temporal and spatial evolutions of the surface elevations in which a given long wave interacts with several short harmonic waves. Another important application of our method is to quantitatively analyse the nonlinear interactions between an arbitrary short wave train and another short wave train. From simulation results, we obtain that the mechanism for the nonlinear interactions between one short wave train and another short wave train （expressed as wave train 2） leads to the energy focusing of the other short wave train （expressed as wave train 3）. This mechanism occurs on wave components with a narrow frequency bandwidth, whose frequencies are near that of wave train 3.展开更多
To study the electromagnetic （EM） backscatter characteristics of freak waves at moderate incidence angles, we establish an EM backscattering model for freak waves in （1＋1）-dimensional deep water. The nonlinear in...To study the electromagnetic （EM） backscatter characteristics of freak waves at moderate incidence angles, we establish an EM backscattering model for freak waves in （1＋1）-dimensional deep water. The nonlinear interaction between freak waves and Bragg short waves is considered to be the basic hydrodynamic spectra modulation mechanism in the model. Numerical results suggest that the EM backscattering intensities of freak waves are less than those from the background sea surface at moderate incidence angles. The normalised radar cross sections （NRCSs） from freak waves are highly polarisation dependent, even at low incidence angles, which is different from the situation for normal sea waves; moreover, the NRCS of freak waves is more polarisation dependent than the background sea surface. NRCS discrepancies between freak waves and the background sea surface with using horizontal transmitting horizomtal （HH） polarisation are larger than those using vertical transmitting vertical （VV） polarisation, at moderate incident angles. NRCS discrepancies between freak waves and background sea surface decreases with the increase of incidence angle, in both HH and VV polarisation radars. As an application, in the synthetic-aperture radar （SAR） imaging of freak waves, we suggest that freak waves should have extremely low backscatter NRCSs for the freak wave facet with the strongest slope. Compared with the background sea surface, the freak waves should be darker in HH polarisation echo images than in VV echo images, in SAR images. Freak waves can be more easily detected from the background sea surface in HH polarisation images than in VV polarisation images. The possibility of detection of freak waves at low incidence angles is much higher than at high incidence angles.展开更多
In recent years, linear fractal sea surface models have been developed for the sea surface in order to establish an electromagnetic backscattering model. Unfortunately, the sea surface is always nonlinear, particularl...In recent years, linear fractal sea surface models have been developed for the sea surface in order to establish an electromagnetic backscattering model. Unfortunately, the sea surface is always nonlinear, particularly at high sea states. We present a nonlinear fractal sea surface model and derive an electromagnetic backscattering model. Using this model, we numerically calculate the normalized radar cross section （NRCS） of a nonlinear sea surface. Comparing the averaged NRCS between linear and nonlinear fractal models, we show that the NRCS of a linear fractal sea surface underestimates the NRCS of the real sea surface, especially for sea states with high fractal dimensions, and for dominant ocean surface gravity waves that are either very short or extremely long.展开更多
Using the theory of nonlinear interactions between long and short waves, a nonlinear fractal sea surface model is presented for a one dimensional deep sea. Numerical simulation results show that spectra intensity chan...Using the theory of nonlinear interactions between long and short waves, a nonlinear fractal sea surface model is presented for a one dimensional deep sea. Numerical simulation results show that spectra intensity changes at different locations （in both the wave number domain and temporal-frequency domain）, and the system obeys the energy conservation principle. Finally, a method to limit the fractal parameters is also presented to ensure that the model system does not become ill-posed,展开更多
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No 2007AA12Z170)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 40706058)+1 种基金the Science-Technology Chenguang foundation for Young Scientist of Wuhan,China (Grant No 200850731388)the Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP) entitled Building Satellite Data into Fisheries and Oceans Operational Systems
文摘Although the nonlinear interactions between a single short gravity wave and a long wave can be solved analytically, the solution is less tractable in more general cases involving multiple short waves. In this work we present a numerical method of studying nonlinear interactions between a long wave and multiple short harmonic waves in infinitely deep water. Specifically, this method is applied to the calculation of the temporal and spatial evolutions of the surface elevations in which a given long wave interacts with several short harmonic waves. Another important application of our method is to quantitatively analyse the nonlinear interactions between an arbitrary short wave train and another short wave train. From simulation results, we obtain that the mechanism for the nonlinear interactions between one short wave train and another short wave train （expressed as wave train 2） leads to the energy focusing of the other short wave train （expressed as wave train 3）. This mechanism occurs on wave components with a narrow frequency bandwidth, whose frequencies are near that of wave train 3.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA12Z170)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40706058)+1 种基金the Science-Technology Chenguang Foundation for Young Scientist of Wuhan,China (Grant No. 200850731388)the Wind and Waves Component of the Canadian Space Agency GRIP Project Entitled Building Satellite Data into Fisheries and Oceans Operational Systems
文摘To study the electromagnetic （EM） backscatter characteristics of freak waves at moderate incidence angles, we establish an EM backscattering model for freak waves in （1＋1）-dimensional deep water. The nonlinear interaction between freak waves and Bragg short waves is considered to be the basic hydrodynamic spectra modulation mechanism in the model. Numerical results suggest that the EM backscattering intensities of freak waves are less than those from the background sea surface at moderate incidence angles. The normalised radar cross sections （NRCSs） from freak waves are highly polarisation dependent, even at low incidence angles, which is different from the situation for normal sea waves; moreover, the NRCS of freak waves is more polarisation dependent than the background sea surface. NRCS discrepancies between freak waves and the background sea surface with using horizontal transmitting horizomtal （HH） polarisation are larger than those using vertical transmitting vertical （VV） polarisation, at moderate incident angles. NRCS discrepancies between freak waves and background sea surface decreases with the increase of incidence angle, in both HH and VV polarisation radars. As an application, in the synthetic-aperture radar （SAR） imaging of freak waves, we suggest that freak waves should have extremely low backscatter NRCSs for the freak wave facet with the strongest slope. Compared with the background sea surface, the freak waves should be darker in HH polarisation echo images than in VV echo images, in SAR images. Freak waves can be more easily detected from the background sea surface in HH polarisation images than in VV polarisation images. The possibility of detection of freak waves at low incidence angles is much higher than at high incidence angles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40706058)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA12Z170)+1 种基金the Science-Technology Chenguang Foundation for Young Scientist of Wuhan, China (Grant No. 200850731388)the wind and waves component of the Canadian Space Agency GRIP Project entitled Building Satellite Data into Fisheries and Oceans Operational Systems
文摘In recent years, linear fractal sea surface models have been developed for the sea surface in order to establish an electromagnetic backscattering model. Unfortunately, the sea surface is always nonlinear, particularly at high sea states. We present a nonlinear fractal sea surface model and derive an electromagnetic backscattering model. Using this model, we numerically calculate the normalized radar cross section （NRCS） of a nonlinear sea surface. Comparing the averaged NRCS between linear and nonlinear fractal models, we show that the NRCS of a linear fractal sea surface underestimates the NRCS of the real sea surface, especially for sea states with high fractal dimensions, and for dominant ocean surface gravity waves that are either very short or extremely long.
基金Project supported by Chinese National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program (Grant No. 2007AA12Z170)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40706058)+1 种基金Wuhan Youth Science and Technology Chen Guang Program(Grant No. 200850731388)the wind and waves component of the Canadian Space Agency GRIP project entitled ‘Building Satellite Data into Fisheries and Oceans Operational Systems’
文摘Using the theory of nonlinear interactions between long and short waves, a nonlinear fractal sea surface model is presented for a one dimensional deep sea. Numerical simulation results show that spectra intensity changes at different locations （in both the wave number domain and temporal-frequency domain）, and the system obeys the energy conservation principle. Finally, a method to limit the fractal parameters is also presented to ensure that the model system does not become ill-posed,
