休克是一个从亚临床阶段的组织灌注不足向多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)或多器官功能衰竭(multiple organ failure,MOF)发展的连续过程。创伤性休克是在剧烈的暴力打击,重要脏器损伤、大出血、大量...休克是一个从亚临床阶段的组织灌注不足向多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)或多器官功能衰竭(multiple organ failure,MOF)发展的连续过程。创伤性休克是在剧烈的暴力打击,重要脏器损伤、大出血、大量体液渗出,毒素的分解吸收基础上,附加疼痛、精神刺激等因素而造成的休克。临床诊治过程中,应注意早期识别,持续监测。若在休克早期及时采取措施,祛除病因和诱因,恢复有效的组织灌注,可限制细胞损害的程度和范围;否则代谢紊乱将逐渐加重,细胞损害广泛扩散,导致MODS或MOF的发生。因此,创伤性休克治疗的关键在于早期处理并控制病因和诱因,补液是抗休克的基本治疗,有助于恢复有效循环血量和稳定生命体征;当然,纠正微循环障碍,恢复正常组织代谢,防治并发症也非常重要。展开更多
Discourse is more than verbal language itself.The social significance of discourse lies in the relationship between linguistic meanings and the wider context in which interaction takes place.In this paper,the author d...Discourse is more than verbal language itself.The social significance of discourse lies in the relationship between linguistic meanings and the wider context in which interaction takes place.In this paper,the author describes a research project involving qualitative dialogues between a Chinese high school student and an American teacher.Discourse analysis let us see how macro-structures are carried through micro-structures.展开更多
文摘休克是一个从亚临床阶段的组织灌注不足向多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)或多器官功能衰竭(multiple organ failure,MOF)发展的连续过程。创伤性休克是在剧烈的暴力打击,重要脏器损伤、大出血、大量体液渗出,毒素的分解吸收基础上,附加疼痛、精神刺激等因素而造成的休克。临床诊治过程中,应注意早期识别,持续监测。若在休克早期及时采取措施,祛除病因和诱因,恢复有效的组织灌注,可限制细胞损害的程度和范围;否则代谢紊乱将逐渐加重,细胞损害广泛扩散,导致MODS或MOF的发生。因此,创伤性休克治疗的关键在于早期处理并控制病因和诱因,补液是抗休克的基本治疗,有助于恢复有效循环血量和稳定生命体征;当然,纠正微循环障碍,恢复正常组织代谢,防治并发症也非常重要。
文摘Discourse is more than verbal language itself.The social significance of discourse lies in the relationship between linguistic meanings and the wider context in which interaction takes place.In this paper,the author describes a research project involving qualitative dialogues between a Chinese high school student and an American teacher.Discourse analysis let us see how macro-structures are carried through micro-structures.
