We discuss a hardship in synthesis of heaviest super heavy elements in massive nuclei reactions due to the hindrance to complete fusion of reacting nuclei caused on the onset of quasifission process which strongly com...We discuss a hardship in synthesis of heaviest super heavy elements in massive nuclei reactions due to the hindrance to complete fusion of reacting nuclei caused on the onset of quasifission process which strongly competes with complete fusion and due to the strong increase of fission yields along the de-excitation cascade of the compound nucleus in comparison with the evaporation residue formation.The hindrance to formation of compound nucleus and evaporation residue is determined by the characteristic of the entrance channel.展开更多
A database system,known as the large PMT characterization and instrumentation database system(LPMT-CIDS),was designed and implemented for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO).The system is based on a Li...A database system,known as the large PMT characterization and instrumentation database system(LPMT-CIDS),was designed and implemented for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO).The system is based on a Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP(LAMP)server and focuses on modularization and architecture separation.It covers all the testing stages for the 20-inch photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)at JUNO and provides its users with data storage,analysis,and visualization services.Based on the successful use of the system in the 20-inch PMT testing program,its design approach and construction elements can be extended to other projects.展开更多
In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar ...In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr.In order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,STAR developed a three-step blind analysis procedure.Analysts are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run conditions.After tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking runs.For this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar species.Only run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this stage.Following these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind analysis.As a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=27 Ge V,collected in 2018.The Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind data.The details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.展开更多
The superconducting cyclotron SC200 is intended to generate a 200 MeV, 400 nA proton beam for future particle therapy. The internal hot-cathode-type Penning ionization gauge (PIG) ion source for the SC200 is designed ...The superconducting cyclotron SC200 is intended to generate a 200 MeV, 400 nA proton beam for future particle therapy. The internal hot-cathode-type Penning ionization gauge (PIG) ion source for the SC200 is designed for the generation of hydrogen ions. A brief description of the design of ion source and test bench, which are used in SC200, is given in this paper. The ion source has been verified on the test bench, and the results indicated that the designed ion source meets the expected requirements. The lifetime of the filament exceeded 100 h in the test. In addition, the extraction voltage and the gas flow that influence the extracted ion current intensity have been tested in the experiment.展开更多
We study the evolution of the dark energy parameter within the scope of a spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker(FRW)model filled with barotropic fluid and dark energy.To obtain the determinist...We study the evolution of the dark energy parameter within the scope of a spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker(FRW)model filled with barotropic fluid and dark energy.To obtain the deterministic solution we choose the scale factor a(t)=(√te^(t)),which yields a time-dependent deceleration parameter(DP).In doing so,we consider the case minimally coupled with dark energy to the perfect fluid as well as direct interaction with it.展开更多
Octupole deformation bands built onπh ll/2 orbital in neutron-rich odd-Z 145,147La nuclei have been investigated by measuring the promptγ-rays emitted from the 252Cf source.The alternating parity band structures and...Octupole deformation bands built onπh ll/2 orbital in neutron-rich odd-Z 145,147La nuclei have been investigated by measuring the promptγ-rays emitted from the 252Cf source.The alternating parity band structures and strong E1 transitions observed between negative-and positive-parity bands in both nuclei indicate the octupole deformation enhanced by the h ll/2 single proton coupling.According to observed energy displacements the octupole deformation becomes stable at the intermediate spin states.展开更多
High spin states in neutron-rich odd-N ^(145)Ba nucleus have been investigated from study of promptγ-rays in spontaneous fission of^(252)Cf.The alternating parity bands are identified indicating octupole deformation ...High spin states in neutron-rich odd-N ^(145)Ba nucleus have been investigated from study of promptγ-rays in spontaneous fission of^(252)Cf.The alternating parity bands are identified indicating octupole deformation with simplex quantum number s=-i.The ground state band shows signature splitting and inversion at low spin.These collective band structures exhibit the competition and co-existence between symmetric and asymmetric shapes.展开更多
The solid solutions of In^(3+) doped M-type strontium hexaferrites were produced using a conventional solid-state reaction method,and Rietveld analysis of the neutron diffraction patterns was conducted.In^(3+) cations...The solid solutions of In^(3+) doped M-type strontium hexaferrites were produced using a conventional solid-state reaction method,and Rietveld analysis of the neutron diffraction patterns was conducted.In^(3+) cations occupy octahedral (4f_(Ⅵ)and 12 k) and tetrahedral (4f_(Ⅳ)) positions (SG=P6_(3)/mmc(No.194)).The average particle size is 837–650 nm.Curie tempearature (T_(C)) of the compounds monotonically decreased down to~520 K with increasing x.A frustrated magnetic state was detected from ZFC and FC magnetizations.saturation magnetization (M_(s)) and effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy coefficient (k_(eff)) were determined using the law of approach to saturation.A real permittivity (ε″) maximum of~3.3 at~45.5 GHz and an imaginary permittivity (ε′) of~1.6 at~42.3 GHz were observed for x=0.1.A real permeability (μ′) maximum of~1.5 at~36.2 GHz was observed for x=0.Aμ″imaginary permeability maximum of~0.8 at~38.3 GHz was observed for x=0.1.The interpretation of the results is based on the type of dielectric polarization and the natural ferromagnetic resonance features.展开更多
We present a study of the physical properties of the vibrational excitation in α-helicoidal macromolecular chains, caused by the interaction with acoustical and optical phonon modes. The influence of the temperature ...We present a study of the physical properties of the vibrational excitation in α-helicoidal macromolecular chains, caused by the interaction with acoustical and optical phonon modes. The influence of the temperature and the basic system parameters on the vibron dressing have been analyzed by employing the simple mean-field approach based on the variational extension of the Lang-Firsov unitary transformation. The applied approach predicts a region in system parameter space where one has an abrupt transition from a partially dressed （light and mobile） to a fully dressed （immobile） vibron state. We found that the boundary of this region depends on system temperature and the type of bond among structural elements in the macromolecular chain.展开更多
Neutron noise spectra in nuclear reactors are a convolution of multiple-induced reactivities.For the IBR-2 pulsed reactor(JINR-Dubna),one part is represented by the reactivities induced by the two moving reflectors,an...Neutron noise spectra in nuclear reactors are a convolution of multiple-induced reactivities.For the IBR-2 pulsed reactor(JINR-Dubna),one part is represented by the reactivities induced by the two moving reflectors,and the other part by other sources that are moderately stable.In the present study,using recordings of the mechanical noise of the two moving reflectors,their non-linear correlations into the power spectra of the reactor are extracted using statistical analysis.The remaining noise sources are moderately stable noise and can be further monitored by other automated reactor diagnoses.展开更多
The investigations of the crystal and magnetic structures of the BaFe12_xAlxO19 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions have been performed with powder neutron diffractometry. Magnetic properties of the BaFe12_xAlxOt9 （x = 0...The investigations of the crystal and magnetic structures of the BaFe12_xAlxO19 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions have been performed with powder neutron diffractometry. Magnetic properties of the BaFe12_xAlxOt9 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions have been measured by vibration sample magnetometry at different temperatures under different magnetic fields. The atomic coordinates and lattice parameters have been Rietveld refined. The invar effect is observed in low temperature range （from 4.2 K to 150 K）. It is explained by the thermal oscillation anharmonicity of atoms. The increase of microstress with decreasing temperature is found from Rietveld refinement. The Curie temperature and the change of total magnetic moment per formula unit are found for all compositions of the BaFet2_xAlxO19 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions. The magnetic structure model is proposed. The most likely reasons and the mechanism of magnetic structure formation are discussed.展开更多
We investigate the properties of the excess charge(electron, hole) introduced into a two-strand biomolecule. We consider the possibility that the stable soliton excitation can be formed due to interaction of excess ch...We investigate the properties of the excess charge(electron, hole) introduced into a two-strand biomolecule. We consider the possibility that the stable soliton excitation can be formed due to interaction of excess charge with the phonon subsystem. The influence of overlap of the molecular orbitals between adjacent structure elements of the macromolecular chain on the soliton properties is discussed. Special attention is paid to the influence of the overlapping of the molecular orbitals between structure elements placed on the different chains. Using the literature values of the basic energy parameters of the two-chain biomolecular structures, possible types of soliton solutions are discussed.展开更多
In this study,we present the large photomultiplier tube(PMT)afterpulse measurement results obtained from the Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory(JUNO)experiment.A total of 11 dynode-PMTs(R12860)from the Hamamats...In this study,we present the large photomultiplier tube(PMT)afterpulse measurement results obtained from the Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory(JUNO)experiment.A total of 11 dynode-PMTs(R12860)from the Hamamatsu company(Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.(HPK))and 150 micro-channel plate PMTs(MCP-PMTs,GDB-6201)from the NNVT company(North Night Vision Technology Co.,Ltd.(NNVT))were tested.Subsequently,an afterpulse model was built according to the afterpulse time distribution and the probability of occurrence for these two types of PMTs.The average ratio of the total afterpulse charge with a delay between 0.5μs and 20μs to the primary pulse charge is∼5.7%(13.2%)for the tested MCPPMTs(dynode-PMTs).The JUNO experiment will deploy 20,01220-inch PMTs;this study will benefit detector simulation,event reconstruction,and data analysis regarding the JUNO experiment.展开更多
Levels in the neutron-rich ^(104)Mo nucleus have been investigated by observing promptγ-rays from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with the Gammasphere detector array.The ground-state band,the one-phonon and the two-...Levels in the neutron-rich ^(104)Mo nucleus have been investigated by observing promptγ-rays from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with the Gammasphere detector array.The ground-state band,the one-phonon and the two-phononγ-vibrational bands as well as a quasiparticle band have been confirmed and expanded with spin up to 14ħ.Other two side bands probably built on new quasiparticle states are identified.The possible configurations for the quasiparticle bands are discussed.Two of the quasiparticle bands show larger moments of inertia and may have pair-free characteristics.The levels of the ground-state band,the one-phononγ-band and the two-phononγ-band calculated from a general collective model are in close agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
From 1540 inelastic interactions of 3. 7A GeV 160 projectile with emulsion nuclei, we select samples of 87 and 61 events carefully due to interactions of neutron （n） and singly charged particles （Z = 1）, respectiv...From 1540 inelastic interactions of 3. 7A GeV 160 projectile with emulsion nuclei, we select samples of 87 and 61 events carefully due to interactions of neutron （n） and singly charged particles （Z = 1）, respectively. New results concerning the topology of such events are investigated. The average multiplicities of secondary relativistic particles that appear as shower tracks for n and Z = 1 stay more or less constant when compared with analogous data on p-Em at similar energy. The multiplicity distributions and the average values of the various secondary charged particles are studied and compared with the corresponding predictions by the cascade evaporation model. The results assume that the n or Z = 1 from 16O collide peripherally with an emulsion target and are considered as an expansion to the N-N collisions.展开更多
文摘We discuss a hardship in synthesis of heaviest super heavy elements in massive nuclei reactions due to the hindrance to complete fusion of reacting nuclei caused on the onset of quasifission process which strongly competes with complete fusion and due to the strong increase of fission yields along the de-excitation cascade of the compound nucleus in comparison with the evaporation residue formation.The hindrance to formation of compound nucleus and evaporation residue is determined by the characteristic of the entrance channel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11675273)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA10011102)
文摘A database system,known as the large PMT characterization and instrumentation database system(LPMT-CIDS),was designed and implemented for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO).The system is based on a Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP(LAMP)server and focuses on modularization and architecture separation.It covers all the testing stages for the 20-inch photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)at JUNO and provides its users with data storage,analysis,and visualization services.Based on the successful use of the system in the 20-inch PMT testing program,its design approach and construction elements can be extended to other projects.
文摘In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr.In order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,STAR developed a three-step blind analysis procedure.Analysts are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run conditions.After tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking runs.For this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar species.Only run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this stage.Following these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind analysis.As a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=27 Ge V,collected in 2018.The Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind data.The details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11775258 and 11575237)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui(No.1704e1002207)+2 种基金the Research Initiation Foundation of Anhui Polytechnic University(No.2018YQQ001)the Pre-Research National Natural Science Foundation of China of Anhui Polytechnic University(No.2019yyzr13)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui(No.1908085QA25)
文摘The superconducting cyclotron SC200 is intended to generate a 200 MeV, 400 nA proton beam for future particle therapy. The internal hot-cathode-type Penning ionization gauge (PIG) ion source for the SC200 is designed for the generation of hydrogen ions. A brief description of the design of ion source and test bench, which are used in SC200, is given in this paper. The ion source has been verified on the test bench, and the results indicated that the designed ion source meets the expected requirements. The lifetime of the filament exceeded 100 h in the test. In addition, the extraction voltage and the gas flow that influence the extracted ion current intensity have been tested in the experiment.
文摘We study the evolution of the dark energy parameter within the scope of a spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker(FRW)model filled with barotropic fluid and dark energy.To obtain the deterministic solution we choose the scale factor a(t)=(√te^(t)),which yields a time-dependent deceleration parameter(DP).In doing so,we consider the case minimally coupled with dark energy to the perfect fluid as well as direct interaction with it.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19775026the Science Foundation for Nuclear Industry of China under Grant No.Y7197AY509the U.S.Department of Energy under Grant Nos.DE-FG05-88ER40407 and DE-FG03-87ER40323.
文摘Octupole deformation bands built onπh ll/2 orbital in neutron-rich odd-Z 145,147La nuclei have been investigated by measuring the promptγ-rays emitted from the 252Cf source.The alternating parity band structures and strong E1 transitions observed between negative-and positive-parity bands in both nuclei indicate the octupole deformation enhanced by the h ll/2 single proton coupling.According to observed energy displacements the octupole deformation becomes stable at the intermediate spin states.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19775026the Science Foundation for Nuclear Industry of China under Grant No.Y7197AY509the U.S.Department of Energy under Grant Nos.DE-FG05-88ER0407 and DE-FG03-87ER40323.
文摘High spin states in neutron-rich odd-N ^(145)Ba nucleus have been investigated from study of promptγ-rays in spontaneous fission of^(252)Cf.The alternating parity bands are identified indicating octupole deformation with simplex quantum number s=-i.The ground state band shows signature splitting and inversion at low spin.These collective band structures exhibit the competition and co-existence between symmetric and asymmetric shapes.
基金conducted with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (Agreement No. 19-19-00694 of 06 May 2019)。
文摘The solid solutions of In^(3+) doped M-type strontium hexaferrites were produced using a conventional solid-state reaction method,and Rietveld analysis of the neutron diffraction patterns was conducted.In^(3+) cations occupy octahedral (4f_(Ⅵ)and 12 k) and tetrahedral (4f_(Ⅳ)) positions (SG=P6_(3)/mmc(No.194)).The average particle size is 837–650 nm.Curie tempearature (T_(C)) of the compounds monotonically decreased down to~520 K with increasing x.A frustrated magnetic state was detected from ZFC and FC magnetizations.saturation magnetization (M_(s)) and effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy coefficient (k_(eff)) were determined using the law of approach to saturation.A real permittivity (ε″) maximum of~3.3 at~45.5 GHz and an imaginary permittivity (ε′) of~1.6 at~42.3 GHz were observed for x=0.1.A real permeability (μ′) maximum of~1.5 at~36.2 GHz was observed for x=0.Aμ″imaginary permeability maximum of~0.8 at~38.3 GHz was observed for x=0.1.The interpretation of the results is based on the type of dielectric polarization and the natural ferromagnetic resonance features.
基金supported by the Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Serbia (Grant Nos. III–45005 and III–45010)by the Project within the Cooperation Agreement between the JINR, Dubna, Russian FederationMinistry of Education and Science of Republic of Serbia
文摘We present a study of the physical properties of the vibrational excitation in α-helicoidal macromolecular chains, caused by the interaction with acoustical and optical phonon modes. The influence of the temperature and the basic system parameters on the vibron dressing have been analyzed by employing the simple mean-field approach based on the variational extension of the Lang-Firsov unitary transformation. The applied approach predicts a region in system parameter space where one has an abrupt transition from a partially dressed （light and mobile） to a fully dressed （immobile） vibron state. We found that the boundary of this region depends on system temperature and the type of bond among structural elements in the macromolecular chain.
基金Supported by the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research,CNCS-UEFISCDI,under Grant No PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0323the JINR-Dubna order Nr.71,item 21/2012.
文摘Neutron noise spectra in nuclear reactors are a convolution of multiple-induced reactivities.For the IBR-2 pulsed reactor(JINR-Dubna),one part is represented by the reactivities induced by the two moving reflectors,and the other part by other sources that are moderately stable.In the present study,using recordings of the mechanical noise of the two moving reflectors,their non-linear correlations into the power spectra of the reactor are extracted using statistical analysis.The remaining noise sources are moderately stable noise and can be further monitored by other automated reactor diagnoses.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST“MISiS”(Grant No.K4-2015-040)
文摘The investigations of the crystal and magnetic structures of the BaFe12_xAlxO19 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions have been performed with powder neutron diffractometry. Magnetic properties of the BaFe12_xAlxOt9 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions have been measured by vibration sample magnetometry at different temperatures under different magnetic fields. The atomic coordinates and lattice parameters have been Rietveld refined. The invar effect is observed in low temperature range （from 4.2 K to 150 K）. It is explained by the thermal oscillation anharmonicity of atoms. The increase of microstress with decreasing temperature is found from Rietveld refinement. The Curie temperature and the change of total magnetic moment per formula unit are found for all compositions of the BaFet2_xAlxO19 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions. The magnetic structure model is proposed. The most likely reasons and the mechanism of magnetic structure formation are discussed.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbiathe Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST “MISiS” (Grant No.K2-2019-010)the Project within the Cooperation Agreement between the JINR,Dubna,Russian Federation and Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia。
文摘We investigate the properties of the excess charge(electron, hole) introduced into a two-strand biomolecule. We consider the possibility that the stable soliton excitation can be formed due to interaction of excess charge with the phonon subsystem. The influence of overlap of the molecular orbitals between adjacent structure elements of the macromolecular chain on the soliton properties is discussed. Special attention is paid to the influence of the overlapping of the molecular orbitals between structure elements placed on the different chains. Using the literature values of the basic energy parameters of the two-chain biomolecular structures, possible types of soliton solutions are discussed.
基金supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA10011100),Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR),Russia and Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russia,joint Russian Science Foundation (RSF),DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12090062 and 12075087)
文摘In this study,we present the large photomultiplier tube(PMT)afterpulse measurement results obtained from the Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory(JUNO)experiment.A total of 11 dynode-PMTs(R12860)from the Hamamatsu company(Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.(HPK))and 150 micro-channel plate PMTs(MCP-PMTs,GDB-6201)from the NNVT company(North Night Vision Technology Co.,Ltd.(NNVT))were tested.Subsequently,an afterpulse model was built according to the afterpulse time distribution and the probability of occurrence for these two types of PMTs.The average ratio of the total afterpulse charge with a delay between 0.5μs and 20μs to the primary pulse charge is∼5.7%(13.2%)for the tested MCPPMTs(dynode-PMTs).The JUNO experiment will deploy 20,01220-inch PMTs;this study will benefit detector simulation,event reconstruction,and data analysis regarding the JUNO experiment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19975028the Science Foundation of China for Nuclear Industry under Grant No.Y7197AY509+1 种基金the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China under Contract No.G2000077400the U.S.Department of Energy under Grant No.DE-FG05-88ER40407.
文摘Levels in the neutron-rich ^(104)Mo nucleus have been investigated by observing promptγ-rays from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with the Gammasphere detector array.The ground-state band,the one-phonon and the two-phononγ-vibrational bands as well as a quasiparticle band have been confirmed and expanded with spin up to 14ħ.Other two side bands probably built on new quasiparticle states are identified.The possible configurations for the quasiparticle bands are discussed.Two of the quasiparticle bands show larger moments of inertia and may have pair-free characteristics.The levels of the ground-state band,the one-phononγ-band and the two-phononγ-band calculated from a general collective model are in close agreement with the experimental data.
文摘From 1540 inelastic interactions of 3. 7A GeV 160 projectile with emulsion nuclei, we select samples of 87 and 61 events carefully due to interactions of neutron （n） and singly charged particles （Z = 1）, respectively. New results concerning the topology of such events are investigated. The average multiplicities of secondary relativistic particles that appear as shower tracks for n and Z = 1 stay more or less constant when compared with analogous data on p-Em at similar energy. The multiplicity distributions and the average values of the various secondary charged particles are studied and compared with the corresponding predictions by the cascade evaporation model. The results assume that the n or Z = 1 from 16O collide peripherally with an emulsion target and are considered as an expansion to the N-N collisions.
