A water balance has a significant impact on the overall system performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.An actual fuel cell application has a dynamic electrical load which means also dynamic electrical curren...A water balance has a significant impact on the overall system performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.An actual fuel cell application has a dynamic electrical load which means also dynamic electrical current.Therefore,since this electrical current is known,the water production from the fuel cell reaction is also able to be predicted.As long as the fuel cell water transportation model is provided,the present liquid water inside the porous medium is also able to be modeled.A model of the liquid water saturation level in a fuel cell in unsteady load condition was proposed.This model is a series of the water transportation model of water saturation level for the final output of proton exchange membrane(PEM) fuel cell to predict the flooding or drying of PEM fuel cell.The simulation of vehicle fuel cell in different dynamic load profiles and different inlet air conditions was done using this model.The simulation result shows that PEM fuel cell with different dynamic load profiles has different liquid water saturation level profiles.This means that a dynamic load fuel cell requires also a dynamic input air humidification.展开更多
A new unsteady three-dimensional convective-diffusive mathematical model for the transportation of macromolecules and water across the arterial wall was proposed . After the formation of leaky junctions due to the mit...A new unsteady three-dimensional convective-diffusive mathematical model for the transportation of macromolecules and water across the arterial wall was proposed . After the formation of leaky junctions due to the mitosis of endothelial cell of the arterial wall, the macromolecular transport happens surrounding the leaky cells. The arterial wall was divided into four layers: the endothelial layer, the subendothelial intima, the internal elastic lamina and the media for the convenience of research. The time-dependent concentration growth, the effect of the shape of endothelial cell and the effect of physiological parameters were analyzed. The analytical solution of velocity field and pressure field of water flow across the arterial wall were obtained; and concentration distribution of three macromolecules; LDL, HRP and Albumin, were calculated with numerical simulation method. The new theory predicts, the maximum and distribution areas of time dependent concentration with round-shape endothelial cell are both larger than that with ellipse-shape endothelial cell. The model also predicts the concentration growth is much alike that of a two-dimensional model and it shows that the concentration reaches its peak at the leaky junction where atherosclerotic formation frequently occurs and falls down rapidly in a limited area beginning from its earlier-time growth to the state when macromolecular transfer approaches steadily. These predictions of the new model are in agreement with the experimental observation for the growth and concentration distribution of LDL and Albumin.展开更多
为进一步探索高性能、低噪声的离心压缩机优化设计方法,该文选用某燃料电池车用小型高转速离心压缩机为研究对象,通过三维内流场非定常分析对其气动性能和气动噪声进行计算,仿真求得的压升曲线与试验基本一致。基于该数值模型,采用最优...为进一步探索高性能、低噪声的离心压缩机优化设计方法,该文选用某燃料电池车用小型高转速离心压缩机为研究对象,通过三维内流场非定常分析对其气动性能和气动噪声进行计算,仿真求得的压升曲线与试验基本一致。基于该数值模型,采用最优拉丁方试验设计分析了叶片进口角、叶片出口角、尾缘倾角、叶顶间隙和叶片厚度对压缩比、等熵效率和整机声功率级的影响,结果表明叶片厚度和叶顶间隙最为关键,与压缩比和等熵效率负相关,与声功率级正相关,前倾叶片较后倾叶片噪声更低。采用Kriging模型对数值计算结果进行拟合,利用多目标遗传算法对Kriging模型进行循环优化设计。优化结果表明,Kriging模型精度满足需求,优化方案在设计工况点的压缩比提高3.56%,等熵效率提高1.02%,整机声功率级下降3.79 d B,在非设计工况点的压缩比和等熵效率也有提高,综合性能得到明显改善。该研究可为高性能、低噪声离心压缩机的优化设计提供参考。展开更多
文摘A water balance has a significant impact on the overall system performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.An actual fuel cell application has a dynamic electrical load which means also dynamic electrical current.Therefore,since this electrical current is known,the water production from the fuel cell reaction is also able to be predicted.As long as the fuel cell water transportation model is provided,the present liquid water inside the porous medium is also able to be modeled.A model of the liquid water saturation level in a fuel cell in unsteady load condition was proposed.This model is a series of the water transportation model of water saturation level for the final output of proton exchange membrane(PEM) fuel cell to predict the flooding or drying of PEM fuel cell.The simulation of vehicle fuel cell in different dynamic load profiles and different inlet air conditions was done using this model.The simulation result shows that PEM fuel cell with different dynamic load profiles has different liquid water saturation level profiles.This means that a dynamic load fuel cell requires also a dynamic input air humidification.
文摘A new unsteady three-dimensional convective-diffusive mathematical model for the transportation of macromolecules and water across the arterial wall was proposed . After the formation of leaky junctions due to the mitosis of endothelial cell of the arterial wall, the macromolecular transport happens surrounding the leaky cells. The arterial wall was divided into four layers: the endothelial layer, the subendothelial intima, the internal elastic lamina and the media for the convenience of research. The time-dependent concentration growth, the effect of the shape of endothelial cell and the effect of physiological parameters were analyzed. The analytical solution of velocity field and pressure field of water flow across the arterial wall were obtained; and concentration distribution of three macromolecules; LDL, HRP and Albumin, were calculated with numerical simulation method. The new theory predicts, the maximum and distribution areas of time dependent concentration with round-shape endothelial cell are both larger than that with ellipse-shape endothelial cell. The model also predicts the concentration growth is much alike that of a two-dimensional model and it shows that the concentration reaches its peak at the leaky junction where atherosclerotic formation frequently occurs and falls down rapidly in a limited area beginning from its earlier-time growth to the state when macromolecular transfer approaches steadily. These predictions of the new model are in agreement with the experimental observation for the growth and concentration distribution of LDL and Albumin.
文摘为进一步探索高性能、低噪声的离心压缩机优化设计方法,该文选用某燃料电池车用小型高转速离心压缩机为研究对象,通过三维内流场非定常分析对其气动性能和气动噪声进行计算,仿真求得的压升曲线与试验基本一致。基于该数值模型,采用最优拉丁方试验设计分析了叶片进口角、叶片出口角、尾缘倾角、叶顶间隙和叶片厚度对压缩比、等熵效率和整机声功率级的影响,结果表明叶片厚度和叶顶间隙最为关键,与压缩比和等熵效率负相关,与声功率级正相关,前倾叶片较后倾叶片噪声更低。采用Kriging模型对数值计算结果进行拟合,利用多目标遗传算法对Kriging模型进行循环优化设计。优化结果表明,Kriging模型精度满足需求,优化方案在设计工况点的压缩比提高3.56%,等熵效率提高1.02%,整机声功率级下降3.79 d B,在非设计工况点的压缩比和等熵效率也有提高,综合性能得到明显改善。该研究可为高性能、低噪声离心压缩机的优化设计提供参考。
