Obesity is associated with gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxin.Junshanyinzhen tea extract(JSTE)reduced fat accumulation and body weight in obese mice.However,the effects and mechanism of JSTE in preventing obesity w...Obesity is associated with gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxin.Junshanyinzhen tea extract(JSTE)reduced fat accumulation and body weight in obese mice.However,the effects and mechanism of JSTE in preventing obesity were unclear.Therefore,we used different doses of JSTE(75,150 and 300 mg/(kg·day))to evaluate the effect on high-fat diet(HFD)-induced rats under 8 weeks of intervention.Here,our results showed that JSTE could significantly reduce body weight gain,blood lipid levels and fat accumulation,improve fatty damage in liver tissue(P<0.05).In addition,JSTE increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins(P<0.05),relieved metabolic endotoxemia(P<0.05)and chronic low-grade inflammation in HFD rats.Sequencing of fecal samples showed that JSTE could effectively reverse the microbial diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes to normal levels in HFD-fed rats.Desulfovibrioceae and Erysipelotrichaceae,which are positively related to obesity,were decreased by JSTE intervention(P<0.05).while Bifidobacteriaceae,Bacteroidaceae,Akkermansia,and Clostridium,which are negatively related to obesity,were increased.Together,these results suggested that JSTE might effectively prevent obesity by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis,intestinal barrier dysfunction,metabolic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade infl ammation in HFD-induced rats.展开更多
Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on...Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on the inhibitory effect of the extract of millet bran protein(EMBP)on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced Met S,aiming to identify gut microbiota and their metabolites that involve in the anti-Met S activity of EMBP.The obesity,chronic inflammation,insulin resistance in Met S mouse models were abolished after EMBP treatment.The protective mechanism of EMBP against HFD-induced Met S may depend on improved gut barrier function.Using microbiome analysis,we found that EMBP supplementation improved gut microbiome dysbiosis in Met S mice,specifically upregulating Bacteroides acidifaciens.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)also demonstrated this phenomenon.In addition,metabolomic analysis showed that EMBP mediates metabolic profiling reprogramming in Met S mice.Notably,a microbiota-derived metabolite,gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),is enriched by EMBP.In addition,exogenous GABA treatment produced a similar protective effect to EMBP by improving NRF2-dependent gut barrier function to protect HFDinduced Met S.The results suggest that EMBP suppress host Met S by remodeling of gut microbiota as an effective candidate for next-generation medicine food dual purpose dietary supplement to intervene in MetS.展开更多
Western diet(rich in highly refined sugar and fat)can induce a range of metabolic dysfunctions in animals and humans,including neuroinflammation and cognitive function decline.Neuroinflammation and cognitive impairmen...Western diet(rich in highly refined sugar and fat)can induce a range of metabolic dysfunctions in animals and humans,including neuroinflammation and cognitive function decline.Neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment,two critical pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease,have been closely associated with microbial alteration via the gut-brain axis.Thus,the present study aimed to investigate the influence of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG)isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum on preventing the high-fructose diet(HFrD)induced neuroinflammation in mice.It was found that AA-2βG prevented HFr D-induced cognitive deficits.AA-2βG also predominantly enhanced the gut barrier integrity,decreased lipopolysaccharide entry into the circulation,which subsequently countered the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory response.These beneficial effects were transmissible by horizontal fecal microbiome transplantation,transferring from AA-2βG fed mice to HFr D fed mice.Additionally,AA-2βG exerted neuroprotective effects involving the enrichment of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia,potentially beneficial intestinal bacteria.The present study provided the evidence that AA-2βG could improve indices of cognition and neuroinflammmation via modulating gut dybiosis and preventing leaky gut.As a potential functional food ingredient,AA-2βG may be applied to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with Western-style diets.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with complex etiology.Gut microbiota influences the gutbrain axis,which may affect pathways related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Additionally,di...Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with complex etiology.Gut microbiota influences the gutbrain axis,which may affect pathways related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Additionally,diet and physical activity are likely to affect the pathology of Alzheimer's disease as well as the gut microbiota.This demonstrates that it may be possible to prevent or halt the progression of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the gut microbiota using diet and physical activity strategies.Therefore,the present study reviews the association between these two interventions and gut microbiota in the human body.It also summarizes how these two interventions benefit Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,the primary limitations of these two interventions are discussed and promising strategies are proposed,which may be beneficial to further study and develop the intervening measure for the progression of Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that trans fatty acids(TFA) are associated with several chronic diseases,the gut microbiota is directly influenced by dietary components and linked to chronic diseases.Our research investig...Previous studies have shown that trans fatty acids(TFA) are associated with several chronic diseases,the gut microbiota is directly influenced by dietary components and linked to chronic diseases.Our research investigated the effects of elaidic acid(EA),a typical TFA,on the gut microbiota to understand the underlying mechanisms of TFA-related chronic diseases.16S rDNA gene sequencing on faecal samples from Sprague-Dawley rats were performed to explore the composition change of the gut microbiota by EA gavage for 4 weeks.The results showed that the intake of EA increased the abundance of well-documented harmful bacteria,such as Proteobacteria,Anaerotruncus,Oscillibacter and Desulfovibrionaceae.Plus,EA induced translocation of lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and the above pathogenic bacteria,disrupted the intestinal barrier,led to gut-liver axis derangement and TLR4 pathway activation in the liver.Overall,EA induced intestinal barrier damage and regulated TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathways in the liver of SD rats,leading to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory liver damage.展开更多
Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopath...Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis.Simultaneously,hepatoprotective mechanism was also analyzed in conjunction with metabolomics and proliferation of gut microbiota.The results showed that CCP significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and triglyceride(TG)levels in serum of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)mice.Histopathological examination showed that CCP can significantly improve liver damage.Metabolomics results showed that there were significant differences in the level of metabolites in liver tissue of control group,ALD group and CCP group,including taurine,xanthosine,fumaric acid and arachidonic acid,among others.Metabolites pathways analysis showed that hepatoprotective effect of CCP was related to energy metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCP inhibited an increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens,Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus,and a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut of ALD mice.All these findings suggested that CCP treatment reversed the phenotype of ethanol-induced liver injury and the associated metabolites pathways.展开更多
In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the prolifer...In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.展开更多
D-Psicose,as a low-calorie rare sugar,has attracted a lot of attention in recent years for alternating to sucrose.The anti-obesity effect of D-psicose has been extensively confirmed in previous studies,however,the imp...D-Psicose,as a low-calorie rare sugar,has attracted a lot of attention in recent years for alternating to sucrose.The anti-obesity effect of D-psicose has been extensively confirmed in previous studies,however,the impact of D-psicose on colitis remains vague.Here,we firstly evaluated the effect of the D-psicose prophylactic intervention on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice.The pathological symptoms,inflammatory cytokines levels,gut microbiota composition,short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production and colonic barrier integrity were comprehensively evaluated.The results confirmed that D-psicose intervention aggravated colitis,characterized by the exacerbation of colon shortening,increase of colonic inflammatory infiltration,and marked exaltation of disease activity indices and IL-6,IL-1βand TNF-αlevels.Further,the dysfunction of gut microbiota was identified in the psicose group.The abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was significantly up-regulated while the abundance of probiotics Akkermansia and Lactobacillus were significantly down-regulated in the psicose group compared to the model group.Moreover,the production of SCFAs was suppressed in the psicose group,accompanied by a decrease in the level of mucin 2(Muc-2).Collectively,the underlying mechanism of the exacerbation of colitis by D-psicose intervention might be attributed to microbiota dysfunction accompanied by the reduction of SCFAs,which leads to the damage of the mucosal barrier and the intensifi cation of inflammatory invasion.展开更多
Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysacch...Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.展开更多
Weizmannia coagulans(formerly Bacillus coagulans)is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium.It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions a...Weizmannia coagulans(formerly Bacillus coagulans)is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium.It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions and stability in processing and storage.W.coagulans is capable of improving gut health through the regulation of gut microbiota,modulation of immunity,and improving digestibility and metabolism.Spores,germinated cells and metabolites of W.coagulans modulate the gut micro-environment and further affect other organs.W.coagulans is an environment-friendly probiotic since it can contribute to the host by reconstructing the balance of gut microbiota and only temporarily resides in the intestine after administration.W.coagulans has been generally recognized as safe(GRAS)by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA),thus it is an ideal probiotic for improving gut health.The merit of its stability in processing and storage provides W.coagulans spores many possibilities for its use in various types of functional foods.This review presents an overview of the characteristics of W.coagulans that make it an ideal probiotic candidate and highlights the proposed health benefits with scientific evidence conferred by the administration of W.coagulans.展开更多
Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal micro...Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice.The results showed that HB(40%)significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve,significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice(P<0.05).Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40%HB intervention(P<0.05).Additionally,beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia,were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention.Meanwhile,the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40%HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice.Collectively,our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB,which could promote the development of precision nutrition.展开更多
Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in hippocampus.This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in hum...Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in hippocampus.This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in humans.The predominant anthocyanin in human diets,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G,5 or 50 mg/kg),was given to mice for 16 days,and TMT(2.7 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally once on the eighth day.C3G(50 mg/kg)significantly alleviated TMT-induced seizures and subsequent cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction.Furthermore,C3G treatment restored glutamate homeostasis in brain and reversed glutamine synthetase(GS)inhibition in reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammation,which are critical for C3G's neuroprotective effects.Notably,C3G decreased the lipopolysaccharide,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βlevels in the mice,which potentially by modulating the relative abundance of Atopobiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut.C3G may be a promising and practical dietary component for reducing TMT-induced neurodegeneration.展开更多
Constipation is a common intestinal disease.Kiwi berries can effectively prevent constipation.However,studies have yet to be done to determine how kiwi berries prevent constipation.For two weeks,mice in this study wer...Constipation is a common intestinal disease.Kiwi berries can effectively prevent constipation.However,studies have yet to be done to determine how kiwi berries prevent constipation.For two weeks,mice in this study were continually orally gavaged with kiwi berry,loperamide,or a combination of the 2.This study found that the kiwi group's feces had more water than the constipated mice.In addition,kiwi berries can speed up gastrointestinal transit(GI),shorten the time it takes to pass the first dark stool,and dramatically enhance body weight gain.In the interstitial cells of Caj al(ICC)cells and colon tissues,alterations in the protein expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),protein kinase A(PKA),and aquapcrin-3(AQP3)were found.At 3,6,and 12 h of ICC cells and mouse colon,the kiwi group's VIP,cAMP,PKA,and AQP3 protein expression levels were lower than those of the constipated mice.The kiwi berry can decrease the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and boost the diversity and quantity of gut microbiota.By influencing the gut microbiota and VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway,kiwi berries prevent constipation.展开更多
The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorat...The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy.After 3 months of FM(containing vitamin D,and casein phosphopeptides,1000 mg Ca/100 g)or control milk(110 mg Ca/100 g milk)supplementation,bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,microcomputed tomography,and bone biomechanical testing.The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition,which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis,relaxin signaling,serotonergic synapse,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Furthermore,FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur,as well as femoral compressive strength,while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture.Mechanistically,we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen,bone formation marker osteocalcin,and procollagen typeⅠN-propeptide,and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopiptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b.Overall,the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.展开更多
With the rise of probiotics fermentation in food industry,fermented foods have attracted worldwide attention.In this study,protective effects of Rosa roxburghii&edible fungus fermentation broth(REFB)on immune func...With the rise of probiotics fermentation in food industry,fermented foods have attracted worldwide attention.In this study,protective effects of Rosa roxburghii&edible fungus fermentation broth(REFB)on immune function and gut health in Cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated.Results showed that REFB could improve the immune organ index,and promote the proliferation and differentiation of splenic T lymphocytes.In addition,it attenuated intestinal mucosal damage and improved intestinal cellular immunity.REFB administration also up-regulated the expression of IL-4,INF-γ,TNF-α,T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA in small intestine.Furthermore,administration of REFB modulated gut microbiota composition and increased the relative abundance of beneficial genus,such as Bacteroides.It also increased the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids.These indicate that REFB has the potential to improve immunity,alleviate intestinal injury and regulate gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice.展开更多
Human wellness is the ultimate goal of our efforts in improving the human life.Special foods are undoubtedly important in achieving human wellness.However,overeating significantly leads to obesity and diabetes.These c...Human wellness is the ultimate goal of our efforts in improving the human life.Special foods are undoubtedly important in achieving human wellness.However,overeating significantly leads to obesity and diabetes.These chronic diseases will in turn affect the human wellness.Therefore,“dietary restriction and proper exercise”were introduced in the human daily life.Different foods cause various effects on the human health.The diversification of diet is a priority for nutritionists to keep our body healthy.To avoid diabetes mellitus,special foods for ketogenic diet,low-carbon diet,and low-calorie intake are also gradually attracting attention.In addition,the hypothesis that“hunger sensation comes from gut flora”brings new light to the research on the biological motivation for humans to eat food.This hypothesis has been gradually demonstrated using the flexible fasting technology by providing special foods,such as plant polysaccharides and dietary fibers.The response to food-needing signals from the gut flora to these foods demonstrates the importance of the gut flora in improving human wellness.The gut flora is probably an essential factor for translating the food-eating signals and converting the nutrition to our body.Therefore,“gut flora priority principle”is developed to guarantee human wellness.The 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometric techniques can be used to identify the gut flora,which may guide us to a new era of human wellness based on gut flora wellness.展开更多
Regulation of gut microbiota and its impact on human health is the theme of intensive research.The incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation(AF)are continuously escalating as the global population ages and chron...Regulation of gut microbiota and its impact on human health is the theme of intensive research.The incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation(AF)are continuously escalating as the global population ages and chronic disease survival rates increase;however,the mechanisms are not entirely clarified.It is gaining awareness that alterations in the assembly,structure,and dynamics of gut microbiota are intimately engaged in the AF progression.Owing to advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies and computational strategies,researchers can explore novel linkages with the genomes,transcriptomes,proteomes,and metabolomes through parallel meta-omics approaches,rendering a panoramic view of the culture-independent microbial investigation.In this review,we summarized the evidence for a bidirectional correlation between AF and the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we proposed the concept of“gut-immune-heart”axis and addressed the direct and indirect causal roots between the gut microbiome and AF.The intricate relationship was unveiled to generate innovative microbiota-based preventive and therapeutic interventions,which shed light on a definite direction for future experiments.展开更多
In the present study we investigated the impact of the combination of astragalin and rutin(CAR)on restoring gut-microbial dysbiosis and obesity and obesity related disorders.Randomized male C57BL/6J mice were experime...In the present study we investigated the impact of the combination of astragalin and rutin(CAR)on restoring gut-microbial dysbiosis and obesity and obesity related disorders.Randomized male C57BL/6J mice were experimentally divided into 5 groups and fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet(HFD)for 16 weeks.Compared to vehicle treated group(HFD group),CAR could substantially improve selected gut microbiota abundance(Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacteria,Roseburia,Prevotella),reversed the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes proportions,and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli,Salmonella,and Klebsiella in obese mice.In addition,CAR-treated mice showed significantly increased total short-chain fatty acid production,reduced body weight gain,organs’weights,serum lipid profile(except HDL)and insulin resistance.The mRNA expressions of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α(C/EBP-α),sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ),acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC),adipocyte protein 2(aP2),and fatty acid synthase(FAS)were downregulated(P<0.05)and the protein expression of PPAR-γwas downregulated while adenosine 5’monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)was phosphorylated in CAR-treated HFD-fed mice compared to the HFD control group.Interestingly,CAR-treated HFD-fed mice showed significantly improved tissue architecture in the liver and fatty tissues.In conclusion,the findings suggest that CAR/Moringa oleifera may be beneficial in the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity disorders.展开更多
Selenopeptides may be a valuable bioactive compound to promote gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic methods for intestinal disease and hepatopathy.However,limited information is available on the utilization of selenope...Selenopeptides may be a valuable bioactive compound to promote gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic methods for intestinal disease and hepatopathy.However,limited information is available on the utilization of selenopeptides by gut microbiota,especially Selenium(Se)function.For this purpose,the present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of selenopeptide(RYNA(Se)MNDYT,Se-P2,purity of≥95%)and its original peptide(RYNAMNDYT,P2,purity of≥95%)in vivo by the microbiota-metabolite axis and further analyze the potential contribution of Se biofortification to Se-P2 bioactivity.The results showed that Se-P2 exhibits a higher protective effect on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation than P2,including pathology of the colon and liver,which suggested that the bioactivity of P2 was promoted by the organic combination of Se.Notably,gut microbiota composition tended to be a healthy structure by Se-P2 pretreatment in LPS-injured mice,which had a positive effect on LPS-induced gut microbiota dysbacteriosis.Additionally,only Se-P2 promoted an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,Alistipes,and Roseburia and a decrease in the relative abundance of Akkermansia,Erysipelatoclostridium,and Bacteroides in LPS-injured mice.The changes in gut microbiota were obviously correlated with the changes in metabolites and affected the metabolic pathways of valine,leucine,isoleucine,phenylalanine,tyrosine,and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism.This may be one of the key reasons for Se-P2 to exert bioactivity through the microbiota-metabolite axis.Furthermore,Se-biofortification in Se-enriched Cordyceps militaris affected the parental proteins of Se-P2 to modulate mitogen-activated protein kinase,GPI anchored protein,and carbohydrate metabolism,translation,folding,sorting and degradation,which may contribute to the bioactivity of Se-P2.Our study provides information on the effect of Se on selenopeptides in vivo,which further promotes the prospective applications of selenopeptides as dietary supplements.展开更多
Bone loss caused by ageing has become one of the leading health risk factors worldwide.Wheat germ(WG)is consists of high amounts of bioactive peptides,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and dietary fibre.Currently,WG has bee...Bone loss caused by ageing has become one of the leading health risk factors worldwide.Wheat germ(WG)is consists of high amounts of bioactive peptides,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and dietary fibre.Currently,WG has been proven to possess strong antioxidant and anti-infl ammatory properties.We recently explored the beneficial effects and relevant mechanisms of a WG-rich diet(2.5%and 5%WG,m/m)on bone homeostasis in aged rats.Our results showed that 5%WG supplementation for 12 months effectively attenuated ageing-induced microstructural damage and differentiation activity changes in the femur.The 5%WG supplementation also signifi cantly increased the levels of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)(P<0.01),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)(P<0.05),and decreased infl ammatory cytokine levels(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6))(P<0.01).Furthermore,the WG-rich diet reshaped the composition of the gut microbiota,enhancing short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)-producing microbes and reducing infl ammation-related microbes.In addition,metabolomics analysis showed that 5%WG supplementation improved plasma metabolites related to bone metabolism.Conclusively,our study purports long-term WG-rich diet may preserve bone homeostasis by regulating gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in aged rats.展开更多
基金supported by National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-23)Yueyang Yellow Tea Product Innovation Research Project(2018xny-js053).
文摘Obesity is associated with gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxin.Junshanyinzhen tea extract(JSTE)reduced fat accumulation and body weight in obese mice.However,the effects and mechanism of JSTE in preventing obesity were unclear.Therefore,we used different doses of JSTE(75,150 and 300 mg/(kg·day))to evaluate the effect on high-fat diet(HFD)-induced rats under 8 weeks of intervention.Here,our results showed that JSTE could significantly reduce body weight gain,blood lipid levels and fat accumulation,improve fatty damage in liver tissue(P<0.05).In addition,JSTE increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins(P<0.05),relieved metabolic endotoxemia(P<0.05)and chronic low-grade inflammation in HFD rats.Sequencing of fecal samples showed that JSTE could effectively reverse the microbial diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes to normal levels in HFD-fed rats.Desulfovibrioceae and Erysipelotrichaceae,which are positively related to obesity,were decreased by JSTE intervention(P<0.05).while Bifidobacteriaceae,Bacteroidaceae,Akkermansia,and Clostridium,which are negatively related to obesity,were increased.Together,these results suggested that JSTE might effectively prevent obesity by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis,intestinal barrier dysfunction,metabolic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade infl ammation in HFD-induced rats.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270420,32072220)National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFD1001405)+2 种基金Shanxi Province Science Foundation(202103021224011)Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi Province“136”Revitalization Medical Project Construction Funds。
文摘Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on the inhibitory effect of the extract of millet bran protein(EMBP)on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced Met S,aiming to identify gut microbiota and their metabolites that involve in the anti-Met S activity of EMBP.The obesity,chronic inflammation,insulin resistance in Met S mouse models were abolished after EMBP treatment.The protective mechanism of EMBP against HFD-induced Met S may depend on improved gut barrier function.Using microbiome analysis,we found that EMBP supplementation improved gut microbiome dysbiosis in Met S mice,specifically upregulating Bacteroides acidifaciens.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)also demonstrated this phenomenon.In addition,metabolomic analysis showed that EMBP mediates metabolic profiling reprogramming in Met S mice.Notably,a microbiota-derived metabolite,gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),is enriched by EMBP.In addition,exogenous GABA treatment produced a similar protective effect to EMBP by improving NRF2-dependent gut barrier function to protect HFDinduced Met S.The results suggest that EMBP suppress host Met S by remodeling of gut microbiota as an effective candidate for next-generation medicine food dual purpose dietary supplement to intervene in MetS.
基金the financial support from the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China(2021BEF02008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272330)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Western diet(rich in highly refined sugar and fat)can induce a range of metabolic dysfunctions in animals and humans,including neuroinflammation and cognitive function decline.Neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment,two critical pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease,have been closely associated with microbial alteration via the gut-brain axis.Thus,the present study aimed to investigate the influence of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG)isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum on preventing the high-fructose diet(HFrD)induced neuroinflammation in mice.It was found that AA-2βG prevented HFr D-induced cognitive deficits.AA-2βG also predominantly enhanced the gut barrier integrity,decreased lipopolysaccharide entry into the circulation,which subsequently countered the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory response.These beneficial effects were transmissible by horizontal fecal microbiome transplantation,transferring from AA-2βG fed mice to HFr D fed mice.Additionally,AA-2βG exerted neuroprotective effects involving the enrichment of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia,potentially beneficial intestinal bacteria.The present study provided the evidence that AA-2βG could improve indices of cognition and neuroinflammmation via modulating gut dybiosis and preventing leaky gut.As a potential functional food ingredient,AA-2βG may be applied to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with Western-style diets.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171035)the major fund project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2019B10034)+4 种基金Opened-end Fund of Key Laboratory(KFJJ-202101,ZPKLP202202)Public Project of Ningbo(202002N3167)Project of Yinzhou(2022AS025)Ningbo Rehabilitation Hospital(2022KY02)sponsored by a K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with complex etiology.Gut microbiota influences the gutbrain axis,which may affect pathways related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Additionally,diet and physical activity are likely to affect the pathology of Alzheimer's disease as well as the gut microbiota.This demonstrates that it may be possible to prevent or halt the progression of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the gut microbiota using diet and physical activity strategies.Therefore,the present study reviews the association between these two interventions and gut microbiota in the human body.It also summarizes how these two interventions benefit Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,the primary limitations of these two interventions are discussed and promising strategies are proposed,which may be beneficial to further study and develop the intervening measure for the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by fund from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172322)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2023QC291)Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Project (Q-2023130)。
文摘Previous studies have shown that trans fatty acids(TFA) are associated with several chronic diseases,the gut microbiota is directly influenced by dietary components and linked to chronic diseases.Our research investigated the effects of elaidic acid(EA),a typical TFA,on the gut microbiota to understand the underlying mechanisms of TFA-related chronic diseases.16S rDNA gene sequencing on faecal samples from Sprague-Dawley rats were performed to explore the composition change of the gut microbiota by EA gavage for 4 weeks.The results showed that the intake of EA increased the abundance of well-documented harmful bacteria,such as Proteobacteria,Anaerotruncus,Oscillibacter and Desulfovibrionaceae.Plus,EA induced translocation of lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and the above pathogenic bacteria,disrupted the intestinal barrier,led to gut-liver axis derangement and TLR4 pathway activation in the liver.Overall,EA induced intestinal barrier damage and regulated TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathways in the liver of SD rats,leading to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory liver damage.
基金The current project is funded by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2020MH370)Major Science and Technology Innovation in Shandong Province(2017CXGC1307)Ji’nan Science and Technology Project(201303055)。
文摘Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis.Simultaneously,hepatoprotective mechanism was also analyzed in conjunction with metabolomics and proliferation of gut microbiota.The results showed that CCP significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and triglyceride(TG)levels in serum of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)mice.Histopathological examination showed that CCP can significantly improve liver damage.Metabolomics results showed that there were significant differences in the level of metabolites in liver tissue of control group,ALD group and CCP group,including taurine,xanthosine,fumaric acid and arachidonic acid,among others.Metabolites pathways analysis showed that hepatoprotective effect of CCP was related to energy metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCP inhibited an increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens,Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus,and a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut of ALD mice.All these findings suggested that CCP treatment reversed the phenotype of ethanol-induced liver injury and the associated metabolites pathways.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004104)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(202300410080)+2 种基金the Key Project of Henan Education Committee(21A310005)the Internal Fund of Hebei University of Economics and Business(2020ZD10)the Postgraduate“Talent Program”of Henan University(SYL20060187 and SYL20060189)。
文摘In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32030083)。
文摘D-Psicose,as a low-calorie rare sugar,has attracted a lot of attention in recent years for alternating to sucrose.The anti-obesity effect of D-psicose has been extensively confirmed in previous studies,however,the impact of D-psicose on colitis remains vague.Here,we firstly evaluated the effect of the D-psicose prophylactic intervention on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice.The pathological symptoms,inflammatory cytokines levels,gut microbiota composition,short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production and colonic barrier integrity were comprehensively evaluated.The results confirmed that D-psicose intervention aggravated colitis,characterized by the exacerbation of colon shortening,increase of colonic inflammatory infiltration,and marked exaltation of disease activity indices and IL-6,IL-1βand TNF-αlevels.Further,the dysfunction of gut microbiota was identified in the psicose group.The abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was significantly up-regulated while the abundance of probiotics Akkermansia and Lactobacillus were significantly down-regulated in the psicose group compared to the model group.Moreover,the production of SCFAs was suppressed in the psicose group,accompanied by a decrease in the level of mucin 2(Muc-2).Collectively,the underlying mechanism of the exacerbation of colitis by D-psicose intervention might be attributed to microbiota dysfunction accompanied by the reduction of SCFAs,which leads to the damage of the mucosal barrier and the intensifi cation of inflammatory invasion.
基金supported by the Province Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China (2022JJ5410)Special Project on Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction of Hunan,China (2022-67)。
文摘Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172172,32201994)the Foreign Expert Collaboration Project(G2021108010L).
文摘Weizmannia coagulans(formerly Bacillus coagulans)is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium.It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions and stability in processing and storage.W.coagulans is capable of improving gut health through the regulation of gut microbiota,modulation of immunity,and improving digestibility and metabolism.Spores,germinated cells and metabolites of W.coagulans modulate the gut micro-environment and further affect other organs.W.coagulans is an environment-friendly probiotic since it can contribute to the host by reconstructing the balance of gut microbiota and only temporarily resides in the intestine after administration.W.coagulans has been generally recognized as safe(GRAS)by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA),thus it is an ideal probiotic for improving gut health.The merit of its stability in processing and storage provides W.coagulans spores many possibilities for its use in various types of functional foods.This review presents an overview of the characteristics of W.coagulans that make it an ideal probiotic candidate and highlights the proposed health benefits with scientific evidence conferred by the administration of W.coagulans.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101876)the Discipline ConstructionFood Science and Engineering(SPKX-202202)grants。
文摘Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice.The results showed that HB(40%)significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve,significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice(P<0.05).Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40%HB intervention(P<0.05).Additionally,beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia,were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention.Meanwhile,the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40%HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice.Collectively,our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB,which could promote the development of precision nutrition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903275)the fund of Cultivation Project of Double First-Class Disciplines of Food Science and Engineering,Beijing Technology&Business University(BTBUYXTD202203)。
文摘Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in hippocampus.This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in humans.The predominant anthocyanin in human diets,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G,5 or 50 mg/kg),was given to mice for 16 days,and TMT(2.7 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally once on the eighth day.C3G(50 mg/kg)significantly alleviated TMT-induced seizures and subsequent cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction.Furthermore,C3G treatment restored glutamate homeostasis in brain and reversed glutamine synthetase(GS)inhibition in reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammation,which are critical for C3G's neuroprotective effects.Notably,C3G decreased the lipopolysaccharide,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βlevels in the mice,which potentially by modulating the relative abundance of Atopobiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut.C3G may be a promising and practical dietary component for reducing TMT-induced neurodegeneration.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20273)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-29)the First Batch of Liaoning“Unveiling Leader”Scientific and Technological Projects (2021JH1/10400036)。
文摘Constipation is a common intestinal disease.Kiwi berries can effectively prevent constipation.However,studies have yet to be done to determine how kiwi berries prevent constipation.For two weeks,mice in this study were continually orally gavaged with kiwi berry,loperamide,or a combination of the 2.This study found that the kiwi group's feces had more water than the constipated mice.In addition,kiwi berries can speed up gastrointestinal transit(GI),shorten the time it takes to pass the first dark stool,and dramatically enhance body weight gain.In the interstitial cells of Caj al(ICC)cells and colon tissues,alterations in the protein expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),protein kinase A(PKA),and aquapcrin-3(AQP3)were found.At 3,6,and 12 h of ICC cells and mouse colon,the kiwi group's VIP,cAMP,PKA,and AQP3 protein expression levels were lower than those of the constipated mice.The kiwi berry can decrease the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and boost the diversity and quantity of gut microbiota.By influencing the gut microbiota and VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway,kiwi berries prevent constipation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072191)Daxing District Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Project (2020006)+1 种基金Beijing Innovation Team Project of Livestock Industry Technology SystemBeijing Science and Technology Special Project (Z201100002620005)。
文摘The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy.After 3 months of FM(containing vitamin D,and casein phosphopeptides,1000 mg Ca/100 g)or control milk(110 mg Ca/100 g milk)supplementation,bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,microcomputed tomography,and bone biomechanical testing.The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition,which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis,relaxin signaling,serotonergic synapse,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Furthermore,FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur,as well as femoral compressive strength,while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture.Mechanistically,we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen,bone formation marker osteocalcin,and procollagen typeⅠN-propeptide,and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopiptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b.Overall,the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
基金The financial supports from the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130082)Jiangxi High Level Talent Cultivation Project(20204BCJ24006)+1 种基金Project of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology(SKLF-ZZA-201911)Central Government Guide Local Special Fund Project for Scientific and Technological Development of Jiangxi Province(20212ZDD02008)。
文摘With the rise of probiotics fermentation in food industry,fermented foods have attracted worldwide attention.In this study,protective effects of Rosa roxburghii&edible fungus fermentation broth(REFB)on immune function and gut health in Cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated.Results showed that REFB could improve the immune organ index,and promote the proliferation and differentiation of splenic T lymphocytes.In addition,it attenuated intestinal mucosal damage and improved intestinal cellular immunity.REFB administration also up-regulated the expression of IL-4,INF-γ,TNF-α,T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA in small intestine.Furthermore,administration of REFB modulated gut microbiota composition and increased the relative abundance of beneficial genus,such as Bacteroides.It also increased the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids.These indicate that REFB has the potential to improve immunity,alleviate intestinal injury and regulate gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Project(973 program,2012CB518200)General Program(81371232,81573251)of the Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Special Key Programs for Drug R&D of China(2012ZX09102301-016,2014ZX09J14107-05B)Foundation of Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine between Beijing Proteome Research Center and Tianjin Baodi Hospital(TMRC201301).
文摘Human wellness is the ultimate goal of our efforts in improving the human life.Special foods are undoubtedly important in achieving human wellness.However,overeating significantly leads to obesity and diabetes.These chronic diseases will in turn affect the human wellness.Therefore,“dietary restriction and proper exercise”were introduced in the human daily life.Different foods cause various effects on the human health.The diversification of diet is a priority for nutritionists to keep our body healthy.To avoid diabetes mellitus,special foods for ketogenic diet,low-carbon diet,and low-calorie intake are also gradually attracting attention.In addition,the hypothesis that“hunger sensation comes from gut flora”brings new light to the research on the biological motivation for humans to eat food.This hypothesis has been gradually demonstrated using the flexible fasting technology by providing special foods,such as plant polysaccharides and dietary fibers.The response to food-needing signals from the gut flora to these foods demonstrates the importance of the gut flora in improving human wellness.The gut flora is probably an essential factor for translating the food-eating signals and converting the nutrition to our body.Therefore,“gut flora priority principle”is developed to guarantee human wellness.The 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometric techniques can be used to identify the gut flora,which may guide us to a new era of human wellness based on gut flora wellness.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2303100)Central Plains Talent Program-Central Plains Youth Top Talents,the Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders of Henan Provincial Health Commission(HNSWJW-2022013)+1 种基金Funding for Scientific Research and Innovation Team of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University(QNCXTD2023002 and ZYCXTD2023002)Research Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory(JNL-2022001A and JNL-2022015B).
文摘Regulation of gut microbiota and its impact on human health is the theme of intensive research.The incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation(AF)are continuously escalating as the global population ages and chronic disease survival rates increase;however,the mechanisms are not entirely clarified.It is gaining awareness that alterations in the assembly,structure,and dynamics of gut microbiota are intimately engaged in the AF progression.Owing to advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies and computational strategies,researchers can explore novel linkages with the genomes,transcriptomes,proteomes,and metabolomes through parallel meta-omics approaches,rendering a panoramic view of the culture-independent microbial investigation.In this review,we summarized the evidence for a bidirectional correlation between AF and the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we proposed the concept of“gut-immune-heart”axis and addressed the direct and indirect causal roots between the gut microbiome and AF.The intricate relationship was unveiled to generate innovative microbiota-based preventive and therapeutic interventions,which shed light on a definite direction for future experiments.
基金Authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi,for financial support(DST-SERB,EEQ/2016/000123,2016-17),and thank DST-FIST,Department of Biochemistry,S.V.University.
文摘In the present study we investigated the impact of the combination of astragalin and rutin(CAR)on restoring gut-microbial dysbiosis and obesity and obesity related disorders.Randomized male C57BL/6J mice were experimentally divided into 5 groups and fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet(HFD)for 16 weeks.Compared to vehicle treated group(HFD group),CAR could substantially improve selected gut microbiota abundance(Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacteria,Roseburia,Prevotella),reversed the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes proportions,and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli,Salmonella,and Klebsiella in obese mice.In addition,CAR-treated mice showed significantly increased total short-chain fatty acid production,reduced body weight gain,organs’weights,serum lipid profile(except HDL)and insulin resistance.The mRNA expressions of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α(C/EBP-α),sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ),acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC),adipocyte protein 2(aP2),and fatty acid synthase(FAS)were downregulated(P<0.05)and the protein expression of PPAR-γwas downregulated while adenosine 5’monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)was phosphorylated in CAR-treated HFD-fed mice compared to the HFD control group.Interestingly,CAR-treated HFD-fed mice showed significantly improved tissue architecture in the liver and fatty tissues.In conclusion,the findings suggest that CAR/Moringa oleifera may be beneficial in the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity disorders.
基金Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(202201010197)State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China(SKLAM011-2021)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202014),Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory(2020B121201009)Guangdong Province Academy of Sciences Special Project for Capacity Building of Innovation Driven Development(2020GDASYL-20200401002).
文摘Selenopeptides may be a valuable bioactive compound to promote gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic methods for intestinal disease and hepatopathy.However,limited information is available on the utilization of selenopeptides by gut microbiota,especially Selenium(Se)function.For this purpose,the present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of selenopeptide(RYNA(Se)MNDYT,Se-P2,purity of≥95%)and its original peptide(RYNAMNDYT,P2,purity of≥95%)in vivo by the microbiota-metabolite axis and further analyze the potential contribution of Se biofortification to Se-P2 bioactivity.The results showed that Se-P2 exhibits a higher protective effect on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation than P2,including pathology of the colon and liver,which suggested that the bioactivity of P2 was promoted by the organic combination of Se.Notably,gut microbiota composition tended to be a healthy structure by Se-P2 pretreatment in LPS-injured mice,which had a positive effect on LPS-induced gut microbiota dysbacteriosis.Additionally,only Se-P2 promoted an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,Alistipes,and Roseburia and a decrease in the relative abundance of Akkermansia,Erysipelatoclostridium,and Bacteroides in LPS-injured mice.The changes in gut microbiota were obviously correlated with the changes in metabolites and affected the metabolic pathways of valine,leucine,isoleucine,phenylalanine,tyrosine,and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism.This may be one of the key reasons for Se-P2 to exert bioactivity through the microbiota-metabolite axis.Furthermore,Se-biofortification in Se-enriched Cordyceps militaris affected the parental proteins of Se-P2 to modulate mitogen-activated protein kinase,GPI anchored protein,and carbohydrate metabolism,translation,folding,sorting and degradation,which may contribute to the bioactivity of Se-P2.Our study provides information on the effect of Se on selenopeptides in vivo,which further promotes the prospective applications of selenopeptides as dietary supplements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172203,81903940,32172139,and 32202001)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20220372)+2 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China under Grant(22KJB550003)the Excellent Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province(2022ZB433).
文摘Bone loss caused by ageing has become one of the leading health risk factors worldwide.Wheat germ(WG)is consists of high amounts of bioactive peptides,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and dietary fibre.Currently,WG has been proven to possess strong antioxidant and anti-infl ammatory properties.We recently explored the beneficial effects and relevant mechanisms of a WG-rich diet(2.5%and 5%WG,m/m)on bone homeostasis in aged rats.Our results showed that 5%WG supplementation for 12 months effectively attenuated ageing-induced microstructural damage and differentiation activity changes in the femur.The 5%WG supplementation also signifi cantly increased the levels of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)(P<0.01),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)(P<0.05),and decreased infl ammatory cytokine levels(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6))(P<0.01).Furthermore,the WG-rich diet reshaped the composition of the gut microbiota,enhancing short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)-producing microbes and reducing infl ammation-related microbes.In addition,metabolomics analysis showed that 5%WG supplementation improved plasma metabolites related to bone metabolism.Conclusively,our study purports long-term WG-rich diet may preserve bone homeostasis by regulating gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in aged rats.
