Degree of freedom(DOF)is a key indicator for spatial multiplexing layers of a wireless channel.Traditionally,the channel of a multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)half-wavelength dipole array has a DOF that equals the ...Degree of freedom(DOF)is a key indicator for spatial multiplexing layers of a wireless channel.Traditionally,the channel of a multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)half-wavelength dipole array has a DOF that equals the antenna number.However,recent studies suggest that the DOF could be less than the antenna number when strong mutual coupling is considered.We utilize a mutual-coupling-compliant channel model to investigate the DOF of the holographic MIMO(HMIMO)channel and give a upper bound of the DOF with strong mutual coupling.Our numerical simulations demonstrate that a dense array can support more DOF per unit aperture as compared with a half-wavelength MIMO system.展开更多
The thesis analyzes and comments on the two main characters in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn so as to reveal the truth that to win both physical and psychological freedom in the society, we must learn to stand on ...The thesis analyzes and comments on the two main characters in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn so as to reveal the truth that to win both physical and psychological freedom in the society, we must learn to stand on ourselves. It begins with a brief introduction to the author, the novel and the paper thesis. Then, the author discloses the freedom-fighting process of the two main characters and the functions of Mississippi River and the raft in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn: On the hegira,Huck realizes the cruelty, greed, murder, trickery, hypocrisy, racism, and a general lack of morality of the society; Jim, with his in telligence and compassion, wins his freedom; the Mississippi River and the raft are symbols of freedom. Finally, the author reveals that to win both physical and psychological freedom, one must rely on his or her own efforts.展开更多
In The Portrait of a Lady, Isabel Archer values her liberty higher than a sense of security that might be guaranteed by possessing great fortune. But there are some paradoxes in Isabel Archer's view of freedom, wh...In The Portrait of a Lady, Isabel Archer values her liberty higher than a sense of security that might be guaranteed by possessing great fortune. But there are some paradoxes in Isabel Archer's view of freedom, which have caused her failure in the fulfillment of her view of freedom.展开更多
Any understanding of America must come to terms with its central value and ideal.Freedom is such an influential val ue as well as one of the core values of American culture.It remains the sole basis for American socie...Any understanding of America must come to terms with its central value and ideal.Freedom is such an influential val ue as well as one of the core values of American culture.It remains the sole basis for American society as we know.Without free dom the great nation of America would never have been founded.This paper tries to explore freedom as a value and its manifesta tion in USA from four aspects:politics,religion,speech and academics.展开更多
This essay aims at an analysis of Murphy's failure of his quest for freedom from the aspect of narrative temporality whichwill focus on order, duration and frequency. From the perspective of temporal order, the es...This essay aims at an analysis of Murphy's failure of his quest for freedom from the aspect of narrative temporality whichwill focus on order, duration and frequency. From the perspective of temporal order, the essay will endeavor to probe into the pro-lepsis in the novel to analyse predetermined narrative and its function. Considering with temporal duration, this essay will penetratethe deceleration of narrative—scene and pause in Murphy to explore its thematic meaning. To investigate the temporal frequency,iterative narrative within text will be exemplified to discuss closed systems in the novel. Based on the analysis of the narrativity tem-porality in Murphy, the essay will focuses on that how its narrative strategy well embodies its theme—the predetermined failure ofMurphy's quest for freedom in closed systems.展开更多
High degrees of freedom(DOF)for K^(+)movement in the electrolytes is desirable,because the resulting high ionic conductivity helps improve potassium-ion batteries,yet requiring support from highly free and flammable o...High degrees of freedom(DOF)for K^(+)movement in the electrolytes is desirable,because the resulting high ionic conductivity helps improve potassium-ion batteries,yet requiring support from highly free and flammable organic solvent molecules,seriously affecting battery safety.Here,we develop a K^(+)flux rectifier to trim K ion’s DOF to 1 and improve electrochemical properties.Although the ionic conductivity is compromised in the K^(+)flux rectifier,the overall electrochemical performance of PIBs was improved.An oxidation stability improvement from 4.0 to 5.9 V was realized,and the formation of dendrites and the dissolution of organic cathodes were inhibited.Consequently,the K||K cells continuously cycled over 3,700 h;K||Cu cells operated stably over 800 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%;and K||graphite cells exhibited high-capacity retention over 74.7%after 1,500 cycles.Moreover,the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide organic cathodes operated for more than 2,100 cycles and reached year-scale-cycling time.We fabricated a 2.18 Ah pouch cell with no significant capacity fading observed after 100 cycles.展开更多
Parallel arrays with coprime subarrays have shown its potential advantages for two dimensional direction of arrival(DOA)estimation.In this paper,by introducing two flexible coprime factors to enlarge the inter-element...Parallel arrays with coprime subarrays have shown its potential advantages for two dimensional direction of arrival(DOA)estimation.In this paper,by introducing two flexible coprime factors to enlarge the inter-element spacing of parallel uniform subarrays,we propose a generalized parallel coprime array(GPCA)geometry.The proposed geometry enjoys flexible array layouts by the coprime factors and enables to extend the array aperture to achieve great improvement of estimation performance.Meanwhile,we verify that GPCA always can obtain M2 degrees of freedom(DOFs)in co-array domain via 2M sensors after optimization,which outperforms sparse parallel array geometries,such as parallel coprime array(PCA)and parallel augmented coprime array(PACA),and is the same as parallel nested array(PNA)with extended aperture.The superiority of GPCA geometry has been proved by numerical simulations with sparse representation methods.展开更多
Using two typical types of polarization controller, this paper analyses theoretically and experimentally the fact that it is necessary to adjust at least three instead of two waveplates in order to transform any state...Using two typical types of polarization controller, this paper analyses theoretically and experimentally the fact that it is necessary to adjust at least three instead of two waveplates in order to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincar6 sphere. The experimental results are exactly in accordance with the theory discussed in this paper. It has corrected the conventional and inaccurate point of view that two waveplates of a polarization controller are adequate to complete the transformation of state of polarization.展开更多
The motive forces of literary creation are closely related to an author’s personal experiences.Milton experienced great losses during his lifetime,which produced deep infl uences on his poetic writing.This thesis,bas...The motive forces of literary creation are closely related to an author’s personal experiences.Milton experienced great losses during his lifetime,which produced deep infl uences on his poetic writing.This thesis,based on Freud’s"repression"and"compensation"theory,analyzes Milton’s psychological state in the creation of Paradise Lost,aiming at exploring infl uences of the poet’s experience of loss on the creation of Satan in his masterpiece.展开更多
Kate Chopin,one of the most outstanding women writers in the late nineteenth century in America,focused on women’s social position,marriage and family,love and freedom to fight against patriarchalism.She wrote two no...Kate Chopin,one of the most outstanding women writers in the late nineteenth century in America,focused on women’s social position,marriage and family,love and freedom to fight against patriarchalism.She wrote two novels and about a hundred short stories in the 1890s.And over a long period of time,critics have considered The Story of an Hour as a work of feminism which offers a strikingly feminist perspective on an American housewife of that time.This thesis analyzes the inner experience of the heroine within an hour and shows us that freedom is so essential to her while her marriage is a yoke to her.展开更多
The immigrant Santosh,the protagonist in Naipaul’s One Out of Many,features strong loneliness and freedom-seeking desire.Psychoanalytical criticism is employed to interpret the inner world of the character Santosh ba...The immigrant Santosh,the protagonist in Naipaul’s One Out of Many,features strong loneliness and freedom-seeking desire.Psychoanalytical criticism is employed to interpret the inner world of the character Santosh based on close reading of the text.This would help readers deepen their understanding of Naipaul’s works and enhance the concerns about the psychic world of urban migrants.展开更多
The Age of Innocence is novel of realism,in which the protagonist is trapped between dream and reality.By using Sar tre's existentialism theory,this thesis analyses that the protagonist chooses reality against his...The Age of Innocence is novel of realism,in which the protagonist is trapped between dream and reality.By using Sar tre's existentialism theory,this thesis analyses that the protagonist chooses reality against his will because of dishonesty.And the reason is that his freedom is restricted in the"situation"of other people.展开更多
The composite systems can be non-uniquely decomposed into parts（subsystems）.Not all decompositions（structures） of a composite system are equally physically relevant.In this paper we answer on theoretical ground wh...The composite systems can be non-uniquely decomposed into parts（subsystems）.Not all decompositions（structures） of a composite system are equally physically relevant.In this paper we answer on theoretical ground why it may be so.We consider a pair of mutually un-coupled modes in the phase space representation that are subjected to the independent quantum amplitude damping channels.By investigating asymptotic dynamics of the degrees of freedom,we find that the environment is responsible for the structures non-equivalence.Only one structure is distinguished by both locality of the environmental influence on its subsystems and a classical-like description.展开更多
The wave-particle duality of a single particle with an n-dimensional internal degree of freedom is re-examined theo- retically in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The famous duality relation D2 ＋ V2 〈 1 is always vali...The wave-particle duality of a single particle with an n-dimensional internal degree of freedom is re-examined theo- retically in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The famous duality relation D2 ＋ V2 〈 1 is always valid in this situation, where D is the distinguishability and V is the visibility. However, the sum of the particle information and the wave information, D2 V2, can be smaller than one for the input of a pure state if this initial pure state includes the internal degree of freedom of the particle, while the quantity D2~ V2 is always equal to one when the internal degree of freedom of the particle is excluded.展开更多
This paper attempts to analyze the symbolism that is embodied in"Sailing to Byzantium"and to further understand the spiritual freedom W. B. Yeats expressed in the poem. Studying the contrasts of the symbols ...This paper attempts to analyze the symbolism that is embodied in"Sailing to Byzantium"and to further understand the spiritual freedom W. B. Yeats expressed in the poem. Studying the contrasts of the symbols and the eternity and holy spirit carried by Byzantium, we can understand Yeats' life philosophy, and finally reach his spiritual freedom which perpetuates itself in art.展开更多
In the United States, the public's right to know is one of the central principles of the society and it is believed that the media can report everything in an actual way. Many American journalists are proud of the...In the United States, the public's right to know is one of the central principles of the society and it is believed that the media can report everything in an actual way. Many American journalists are proud of their press freedom and regard the press as the Fourth Estate of the United States. In the United States, media and the government are symbiotic. They rely on each other to reinforce themselves. The government depends on the media to propagandize its political ideology while media need the government to supply news sources to them.展开更多
Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn tells the story of Huck and Jim,a white boy and a black slave,who run away in search of freedom.The first part of this thesis is the literature review.Focus is put on t...Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn tells the story of Huck and Jim,a white boy and a black slave,who run away in search of freedom.The first part of this thesis is the literature review.Focus is put on the review of the freedom theme and analysis.The main body starts from the second part which divides Huck’s escape into three stages:Huck’s aversion and tolerance to the civilized society before escape,his decayed initiative in the pursuit of freedom during the escape and his return to search for freedom at the end.Through above analysis,the conclusion is reached:Mark Twain’s view of freedom in this novel is vague and ambiguous,and there are many paradoxes in it.He longs for personal freedom but cannot escape from the secular society.He is willing to resist repressing civilization but unable to revolt its invasion.展开更多
The French Lieutenant's Woman is the best-known novel written by John Fowles and is also called the post-modern metafiction.In the novel the mysterious woman Sarah is introduced,who rebels against Victorian conven...The French Lieutenant's Woman is the best-known novel written by John Fowles and is also called the post-modern metafiction.In the novel the mysterious woman Sarah is introduced,who rebels against Victorian conventions to pursue independence and freedom.Undoubtedly,Sarah is an independent woman ahead of her times.This paper is attempted to interpret the last ending of The French Lieutenant's woman written by John Fowles,thus finding relevant evidence to support this interpretation that Sarah has finally got her freedom which is not allowed against the Victorian background.展开更多
This paper is focused on the book The Story of American Freedom written by Eric Foner to make an analysis. It pays an attention to the understanding of the development of American freedom from the different social cla...This paper is focused on the book The Story of American Freedom written by Eric Foner to make an analysis. It pays an attention to the understanding of the development of American freedom from the different social classes, especially from the lower class. In this book, it tells us a kind of freedom which is different from the mainstream ideology. That freedom is expected by the lower class, but often forgotten by most people. It is a relatively complete story about American freedom.展开更多
基金supported in part by National Key Research and Develop⁃ment Program of China under Grant No.2020YFB1807600.
文摘Degree of freedom(DOF)is a key indicator for spatial multiplexing layers of a wireless channel.Traditionally,the channel of a multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)half-wavelength dipole array has a DOF that equals the antenna number.However,recent studies suggest that the DOF could be less than the antenna number when strong mutual coupling is considered.We utilize a mutual-coupling-compliant channel model to investigate the DOF of the holographic MIMO(HMIMO)channel and give a upper bound of the DOF with strong mutual coupling.Our numerical simulations demonstrate that a dense array can support more DOF per unit aperture as compared with a half-wavelength MIMO system.
文摘The thesis analyzes and comments on the two main characters in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn so as to reveal the truth that to win both physical and psychological freedom in the society, we must learn to stand on ourselves. It begins with a brief introduction to the author, the novel and the paper thesis. Then, the author discloses the freedom-fighting process of the two main characters and the functions of Mississippi River and the raft in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn: On the hegira,Huck realizes the cruelty, greed, murder, trickery, hypocrisy, racism, and a general lack of morality of the society; Jim, with his in telligence and compassion, wins his freedom; the Mississippi River and the raft are symbols of freedom. Finally, the author reveals that to win both physical and psychological freedom, one must rely on his or her own efforts.
文摘In The Portrait of a Lady, Isabel Archer values her liberty higher than a sense of security that might be guaranteed by possessing great fortune. But there are some paradoxes in Isabel Archer's view of freedom, which have caused her failure in the fulfillment of her view of freedom.
文摘Any understanding of America must come to terms with its central value and ideal.Freedom is such an influential val ue as well as one of the core values of American culture.It remains the sole basis for American society as we know.Without free dom the great nation of America would never have been founded.This paper tries to explore freedom as a value and its manifesta tion in USA from four aspects:politics,religion,speech and academics.
文摘This essay aims at an analysis of Murphy's failure of his quest for freedom from the aspect of narrative temporality whichwill focus on order, duration and frequency. From the perspective of temporal order, the essay will endeavor to probe into the pro-lepsis in the novel to analyse predetermined narrative and its function. Considering with temporal duration, this essay will penetratethe deceleration of narrative—scene and pause in Murphy to explore its thematic meaning. To investigate the temporal frequency,iterative narrative within text will be exemplified to discuss closed systems in the novel. Based on the analysis of the narrativity tem-porality in Murphy, the essay will focuses on that how its narrative strategy well embodies its theme—the predetermined failure ofMurphy's quest for freedom in closed systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20247 and 51922038).A.M.R.acknowledges the seed funding provided by the R.A.Bowen Endowed Professorship funds at Clemson University.
文摘High degrees of freedom(DOF)for K^(+)movement in the electrolytes is desirable,because the resulting high ionic conductivity helps improve potassium-ion batteries,yet requiring support from highly free and flammable organic solvent molecules,seriously affecting battery safety.Here,we develop a K^(+)flux rectifier to trim K ion’s DOF to 1 and improve electrochemical properties.Although the ionic conductivity is compromised in the K^(+)flux rectifier,the overall electrochemical performance of PIBs was improved.An oxidation stability improvement from 4.0 to 5.9 V was realized,and the formation of dendrites and the dissolution of organic cathodes were inhibited.Consequently,the K||K cells continuously cycled over 3,700 h;K||Cu cells operated stably over 800 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%;and K||graphite cells exhibited high-capacity retention over 74.7%after 1,500 cycles.Moreover,the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide organic cathodes operated for more than 2,100 cycles and reached year-scale-cycling time.We fabricated a 2.18 Ah pouch cell with no significant capacity fading observed after 100 cycles.
文摘Parallel arrays with coprime subarrays have shown its potential advantages for two dimensional direction of arrival(DOA)estimation.In this paper,by introducing two flexible coprime factors to enlarge the inter-element spacing of parallel uniform subarrays,we propose a generalized parallel coprime array(GPCA)geometry.The proposed geometry enjoys flexible array layouts by the coprime factors and enables to extend the array aperture to achieve great improvement of estimation performance.Meanwhile,we verify that GPCA always can obtain M2 degrees of freedom(DOFs)in co-array domain via 2M sensors after optimization,which outperforms sparse parallel array geometries,such as parallel coprime array(PCA)and parallel augmented coprime array(PACA),and is the same as parallel nested array(PNA)with extended aperture.The superiority of GPCA geometry has been proved by numerical simulations with sparse representation methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60577046)the Corporative Building Project of Beijing Educational Committee of China (Grant No XK100130737) Shandong High Technology Project of China (Grant No 2006GG2201002)
文摘Using two typical types of polarization controller, this paper analyses theoretically and experimentally the fact that it is necessary to adjust at least three instead of two waveplates in order to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincar6 sphere. The experimental results are exactly in accordance with the theory discussed in this paper. It has corrected the conventional and inaccurate point of view that two waveplates of a polarization controller are adequate to complete the transformation of state of polarization.
文摘The motive forces of literary creation are closely related to an author’s personal experiences.Milton experienced great losses during his lifetime,which produced deep infl uences on his poetic writing.This thesis,based on Freud’s"repression"and"compensation"theory,analyzes Milton’s psychological state in the creation of Paradise Lost,aiming at exploring infl uences of the poet’s experience of loss on the creation of Satan in his masterpiece.
文摘Kate Chopin,one of the most outstanding women writers in the late nineteenth century in America,focused on women’s social position,marriage and family,love and freedom to fight against patriarchalism.She wrote two novels and about a hundred short stories in the 1890s.And over a long period of time,critics have considered The Story of an Hour as a work of feminism which offers a strikingly feminist perspective on an American housewife of that time.This thesis analyzes the inner experience of the heroine within an hour and shows us that freedom is so essential to her while her marriage is a yoke to her.
文摘The immigrant Santosh,the protagonist in Naipaul’s One Out of Many,features strong loneliness and freedom-seeking desire.Psychoanalytical criticism is employed to interpret the inner world of the character Santosh based on close reading of the text.This would help readers deepen their understanding of Naipaul’s works and enhance the concerns about the psychic world of urban migrants.
文摘The Age of Innocence is novel of realism,in which the protagonist is trapped between dream and reality.By using Sar tre's existentialism theory,this thesis analyses that the protagonist chooses reality against his will because of dishonesty.And the reason is that his freedom is restricted in the"situation"of other people.
基金Project financially supported by the Ministry of Science Serbia (Grant No. 171028)
文摘The composite systems can be non-uniquely decomposed into parts（subsystems）.Not all decompositions（structures） of a composite system are equally physically relevant.In this paper we answer on theoretical ground why it may be so.We consider a pair of mutually un-coupled modes in the phase space representation that are subjected to the independent quantum amplitude damping channels.By investigating asymptotic dynamics of the degrees of freedom,we find that the environment is responsible for the structures non-equivalence.Only one structure is distinguished by both locality of the environmental influence on its subsystems and a classical-like description.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB921603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11125418 and 11364022)
文摘The wave-particle duality of a single particle with an n-dimensional internal degree of freedom is re-examined theo- retically in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The famous duality relation D2 ＋ V2 〈 1 is always valid in this situation, where D is the distinguishability and V is the visibility. However, the sum of the particle information and the wave information, D2 V2, can be smaller than one for the input of a pure state if this initial pure state includes the internal degree of freedom of the particle, while the quantity D2~ V2 is always equal to one when the internal degree of freedom of the particle is excluded.
文摘This paper attempts to analyze the symbolism that is embodied in"Sailing to Byzantium"and to further understand the spiritual freedom W. B. Yeats expressed in the poem. Studying the contrasts of the symbols and the eternity and holy spirit carried by Byzantium, we can understand Yeats' life philosophy, and finally reach his spiritual freedom which perpetuates itself in art.
文摘In the United States, the public's right to know is one of the central principles of the society and it is believed that the media can report everything in an actual way. Many American journalists are proud of their press freedom and regard the press as the Fourth Estate of the United States. In the United States, media and the government are symbiotic. They rely on each other to reinforce themselves. The government depends on the media to propagandize its political ideology while media need the government to supply news sources to them.
文摘Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn tells the story of Huck and Jim,a white boy and a black slave,who run away in search of freedom.The first part of this thesis is the literature review.Focus is put on the review of the freedom theme and analysis.The main body starts from the second part which divides Huck’s escape into three stages:Huck’s aversion and tolerance to the civilized society before escape,his decayed initiative in the pursuit of freedom during the escape and his return to search for freedom at the end.Through above analysis,the conclusion is reached:Mark Twain’s view of freedom in this novel is vague and ambiguous,and there are many paradoxes in it.He longs for personal freedom but cannot escape from the secular society.He is willing to resist repressing civilization but unable to revolt its invasion.
文摘The French Lieutenant's Woman is the best-known novel written by John Fowles and is also called the post-modern metafiction.In the novel the mysterious woman Sarah is introduced,who rebels against Victorian conventions to pursue independence and freedom.Undoubtedly,Sarah is an independent woman ahead of her times.This paper is attempted to interpret the last ending of The French Lieutenant's woman written by John Fowles,thus finding relevant evidence to support this interpretation that Sarah has finally got her freedom which is not allowed against the Victorian background.
文摘This paper is focused on the book The Story of American Freedom written by Eric Foner to make an analysis. It pays an attention to the understanding of the development of American freedom from the different social classes, especially from the lower class. In this book, it tells us a kind of freedom which is different from the mainstream ideology. That freedom is expected by the lower class, but often forgotten by most people. It is a relatively complete story about American freedom.
