Objective: To investigate estrogen receptor β (ERβ) gene Rsa1 polymorphism and concentration of estrogen, FSH and LH in serum in peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder. Methods: Seventy-four p...Objective: To investigate estrogen receptor β (ERβ) gene Rsa1 polymorphism and concentration of estrogen, FSH and LH in serum in peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder. Methods: Seventy-four peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder met ICD-10 and CCMD-3 assessment criteria for depressive disorder were recruited. ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism was analyzed with PCR-RFLP. Serum levels of estrogen, FSH and LH were measured by magnetism-ELISA. Results: The respective frequency of ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism was no significant difference between women with depressive disorder and the healthy women (χ 2=1.106,P>0.05). The serum level of estrogen was lower in women with depressive disorder than in the healthy women (P<0.05). No difference was found for FSH and LH between two groups. Conclusion: ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism may be not associated with depressive disorder in the peri-menopausal and menopausal women. The serum level of estrogen is associated with depressive disorder in the peri-menopausal and menopausal women.展开更多
To investigate the association of the expression of estrogen receptor ct, estrogen receptor 13 in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） susceptibility. Methods： In 14 cases of mild ICP, 14 cases...To investigate the association of the expression of estrogen receptor ct, estrogen receptor 13 in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） susceptibility. Methods： In 14 cases of mild ICP, 14 cases of severe ICP and 14 cases of normal cases （control group） with corresponding age and gestation weeks, the expressions of ERa and ERD were detected by means of immunohistochemical method S-P. Results： The mean grey numbers of ERa in each group mentioned above were 151.684±3.76, 149.854±3.69, 153.184±3.18, without significant difference （P〉0.05） The mean grey numbers of ERβ in each group mentioned above were 146.51±3.81, 139.434±9.97, 149.87±4.17, with significant difference （P〉0.05）; the expression of ERI3 of severe ICP group was significantly higher than that of the mild ICP group and the control group （P〈0.05）. The expression of ERβ in every group was higher than that of ERa （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： ERβ maybe play an important part in the etiology and development of ICP展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to determine if isoflavone genistien has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in human aortic endlthelial cells, and investigate the possible mechanism for...Objective The aim of this study was to determine if isoflavone genistien has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in human aortic endlthelial cells, and investigate the possible mechanism for this protection. Methods Human aortic endothelial cells subjected to normal (5mmol/L) or high glucose (25mmol/L) were treated with genistein at 0, 50, 100nmol/L. Parallel experiments were performed with 100nM 17b-estradiol, and also in the presence and absence of the pure anti-estrogen ICI-182,780 (100nmol/L). The effects on cell apoptotic DNA fragmentation were determined using cell death ELISA, and the effects on cellular proliferation were determined using tritiated thymidine incorporation assay. Estrogen receptor expression was detected by Taqman quantitative PCR. Results Genistein at 100nmol/L significantly reduced high glucose-induced DNA fragmentation, and reversed cell DNA synthesis inhibition (P <0.001) after 24 hours' incubation. The effect of genistein was completely blocked by ICI-182,780 administration. Estrogen receptor beta, but not alpha was found to be expressed in these cells. Conclusion Isoflavone genistein shows protection against high glucose-induced cell damage through estrogen receptor beta, reducing apoptotic DNA damage and protecting from the inhibition of cell proliferation.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor(ER) gene and the clinical indexes associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: By means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment ...Objective: To investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor(ER) gene and the clinical indexes associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: By means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), we analyzed ER gene polymorphism in 84 CHD patients and 61 healthy subjects and non-CHD inpatients. The clinical indexes associated with CHD were analyzed in relation to the three ER genotypes. Results: There were significant differences in the incidence of hypertension (58.62%), fibrinogen (Fib) concentration (3.5±0.8 g/L), body mass index (BMI, 25.1±3.2), HDL-C concentration (1.0±0.2 mmol/L) between PP genotype group and other genotype groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: ER gene polymorphism may affect ER-mediated cardiovascular protective effect by modulating the expression of ER.展开更多
The specific bindings of estrogen,progestin and androgen were determined inthe cytosol fraction of myomatous,adenomyotic and postmenopausal uterine tissues andof the normal endometrium and myometrium as well.It was fo...The specific bindings of estrogen,progestin and androgen were determined inthe cytosol fraction of myomatous,adenomyotic and postmenopausal uterine tissues andof the normal endometrium and myometrium as well.It was found that theconcentrations of estrogen,progestin and androgen cytosol receptors were significantlyhigher in myomatous tissue than in normal myometrium;there was also an obvious differ-ence of the concentration of the sex steroid receptors between normal endometrium andadenomyotic tissue;and the uterine tissues of postmenopausal women still retained highlevels of these sex steroid receptors.In addition,the regulation of sex steroids in thepathogenesis of myoma and adenomyosis is discussed.展开更多
Objective: To study the inhibition effects of estrogen on the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental cells. Methods: Primary cultured placental cells were treated by ICI182, 780, a complete E...Objective: To study the inhibition effects of estrogen on the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental cells. Methods: Primary cultured placental cells were treated by ICI182, 780, a complete ER antagonist , and Tamoxifen, an ERa-mixed agonist/antagonist and ERβ antagonist for 24 h. The supernatant was havested for the radioimmunoassay of CRH. Results: 17β-estradiol inhibited the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental (P<0.05). ICI182, 780 stimulated the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental (P<0.05). Conclusion: Estrogen represses the synthesis and secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental, which is possibly mediated by ERa.展开更多
To explore the role of estrogen in the development of muscle inflammation,especially in the intramuscular T cell response,and the influence on the intrinsic immuno-behaviors of myofibers,We established a mouse model o...To explore the role of estrogen in the development of muscle inflammation,especially in the intramuscular T cell response,and the influence on the intrinsic immuno-behaviors of myofibers,We established a mouse model of muscle injury by injecting i.m.CTX into the tibialis anterior(TA).Injection s.c.of 17βestradiol(E2)or estrogen receptor antagonist 4-OHT or ovariectomy(OVX),was used to change estrogen level of animal models in vivo.Gene levels of cytokines/chemokines were monitored by qPCR.Macrophage and T cell phenotypes were analyzed by FACS.展开更多
The prognostic value of estrogen and/or ER on female pa tients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is rarely reported.Current study was undertaken to elucidate the associations of serum estradiol level,tissue...The prognostic value of estrogen and/or ER on female pa tients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is rarely reported.Current study was undertaken to elucidate the associations of serum estradiol level,tissue estrogen receptor alpha(ERa)and estrogen receptor beta(ERβ)expression with clinical response and reproductive factor changes in 387 female ESCC patients.A genome-wide association study on 3921 ESCC patients using 40 SNPs(P≤1×10^(-7))demonstrated that rsl SNP with AA,GG or GA genotype was significantly difference(X^(2)=12.258,8.399,6.671;P=0.002,0.015,0.036)on overall survival.展开更多
LAMP2(lysosome associated membrane glycoprotein 2)is an important autophagy protein but its role in estrogenic regulation on spatial learning and memory remains unclear.In this study,we first infused aromatase(estroge...LAMP2(lysosome associated membrane glycoprotein 2)is an important autophagy protein but its role in estrogenic regulation on spatial learning and memory remains unclear.In this study,we first infused aromatase(estrogen synthase)-specific RNA interference AAV into the hippocampus of mice,label-free quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that LAMP2 was the most significantly upregulated protein.This upregulation was further proved with RT-PCR,WB,IHC in ovariectomy(OVX)mice.Then,LAMP2-overexpressing(oLAMP2)and RNA interference(shLAMP2)virus vectors were injected into the hippocampus of OVX mice,respectively.展开更多
Breast cancer containing estrogen receptors (ER ) are responslve to antiestrogen treatment and have a better prognosis compared with ER-negative tumors. The loss of estrogen receptors appears to be associated with a p...Breast cancer containing estrogen receptors (ER ) are responslve to antiestrogen treatment and have a better prognosis compared with ER-negative tumors. The loss of estrogen receptors appears to be associated with a progression to less clifferentiated cells. We transfected the human ER into the ER-negative breast cancer cell line MDA MD 231 cells. We found that expresslon of adequate ER is strong associated with the ability of human breast cancer cell growth inhibition and progression. Compared with nontransfected or mock-trans fected cells, ER-transfected cells exhibited growth slower, forming smaller colonles in soft agar and growth inhibited by estrogen and tamoxifen. Therefore reactivation or transfection of the estrogen receptor gene can be considered as therapeutic approaches to hormone-independent breast cancer.展开更多
Estrogens as a kind of steroidal sex hormone are widely used in humans, especially quinestrol(QS),dienestrol(DS) and norethindrone(NET, 19-nor-17-alphaethinltestoster-one), which cannot be completely degraded after ap...Estrogens as a kind of steroidal sex hormone are widely used in humans, especially quinestrol(QS),dienestrol(DS) and norethindrone(NET, 19-nor-17-alphaethinltestoster-one), which cannot be completely degraded after application. Steroidal estrogens at low concentration pulling into environment can disturb the normal biological function of wide life and thus lead to great threat to humans. So it is important to explore its degradation mechanism and its behavior in the environment. In this study, we investigated the oxidation or reduction system under gamma irradiation for reducing estrogenic activity in the aqueous solutions as well as degradation kinetics, its by-products and yield of transformation by different analytical methods such as GC–MS and HPLC. Gamma irradiation could effectively degrade estrogens in aqueous solution. The degradation reaction of estrogens could be depicted by first-order reaction kinetics. The total organic carbon of solution decreased with an increasing absorbed dose with the order: quinestrol [ norethindrone [ dienestrol. The toxicity of the three estrogens was declined after irradiation. Mono- and quadric-hydroxylated intermediates as well as organic acids were formed after gamma irradiation.展开更多
4-Nonylphenol(NP)is a kind of estrogen belonging to the endocrine disrupter,widely used in various agricultural and industrial goods.However,extensive use of NP with direct release to environment poses high risks to b...4-Nonylphenol(NP)is a kind of estrogen belonging to the endocrine disrupter,widely used in various agricultural and industrial goods.However,extensive use of NP with direct release to environment poses high risks to both human health and ecosystems.Herein,for the first time,we developed near-infrared(NIR)responsive upconversion luminescence nanosensor for NP detection.The Förster resonance energy transfer based upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)-graphene oxide sensor offers highly selective and sensitive detection of NP in linear ranges of 5−200 ng/mL and 200−1000 ng/mL under 980 nm and 808 nm excitation,respectively,with LOD at 4.2 ng/mL.The sensors were successfully tested for NP detection in real liquid milk samples with excellent recovery results.The rare-earth fluoride based upconversion luminescence nanosensor with NIR excitation wavelength,holds promise for sensing food,environmental,and biological samples due to their high sensitivity,specific recognition,low LOD,negligible autofluorescence,along with the deep penetration of NIR excitation sources.展开更多
In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the prolifer...In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate estrogen receptor β (ERβ) gene Rsa1 polymorphism and concentration of estrogen, FSH and LH in serum in peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder. Methods: Seventy-four peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder met ICD-10 and CCMD-3 assessment criteria for depressive disorder were recruited. ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism was analyzed with PCR-RFLP. Serum levels of estrogen, FSH and LH were measured by magnetism-ELISA. Results: The respective frequency of ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism was no significant difference between women with depressive disorder and the healthy women (χ 2=1.106,P>0.05). The serum level of estrogen was lower in women with depressive disorder than in the healthy women (P<0.05). No difference was found for FSH and LH between two groups. Conclusion: ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism may be not associated with depressive disorder in the peri-menopausal and menopausal women. The serum level of estrogen is associated with depressive disorder in the peri-menopausal and menopausal women.
文摘To investigate the association of the expression of estrogen receptor ct, estrogen receptor 13 in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） susceptibility. Methods： In 14 cases of mild ICP, 14 cases of severe ICP and 14 cases of normal cases （control group） with corresponding age and gestation weeks, the expressions of ERa and ERD were detected by means of immunohistochemical method S-P. Results： The mean grey numbers of ERa in each group mentioned above were 151.684±3.76, 149.854±3.69, 153.184±3.18, without significant difference （P〉0.05） The mean grey numbers of ERβ in each group mentioned above were 146.51±3.81, 139.434±9.97, 149.87±4.17, with significant difference （P〉0.05）; the expression of ERI3 of severe ICP group was significantly higher than that of the mild ICP group and the control group （P〈0.05）. The expression of ERβ in every group was higher than that of ERa （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： ERβ maybe play an important part in the etiology and development of ICP
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to determine if isoflavone genistien has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in human aortic endlthelial cells, and investigate the possible mechanism for this protection. Methods Human aortic endothelial cells subjected to normal (5mmol/L) or high glucose (25mmol/L) were treated with genistein at 0, 50, 100nmol/L. Parallel experiments were performed with 100nM 17b-estradiol, and also in the presence and absence of the pure anti-estrogen ICI-182,780 (100nmol/L). The effects on cell apoptotic DNA fragmentation were determined using cell death ELISA, and the effects on cellular proliferation were determined using tritiated thymidine incorporation assay. Estrogen receptor expression was detected by Taqman quantitative PCR. Results Genistein at 100nmol/L significantly reduced high glucose-induced DNA fragmentation, and reversed cell DNA synthesis inhibition (P <0.001) after 24 hours' incubation. The effect of genistein was completely blocked by ICI-182,780 administration. Estrogen receptor beta, but not alpha was found to be expressed in these cells. Conclusion Isoflavone genistein shows protection against high glucose-induced cell damage through estrogen receptor beta, reducing apoptotic DNA damage and protecting from the inhibition of cell proliferation.
基金Supported by the Key Basic Research and Development Project of National "973" Program of China (G200057008) the Foundation for University Leading Teachers Sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China, and by Funds for Key Natural Science Research of
文摘Objective: To investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor(ER) gene and the clinical indexes associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: By means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), we analyzed ER gene polymorphism in 84 CHD patients and 61 healthy subjects and non-CHD inpatients. The clinical indexes associated with CHD were analyzed in relation to the three ER genotypes. Results: There were significant differences in the incidence of hypertension (58.62%), fibrinogen (Fib) concentration (3.5±0.8 g/L), body mass index (BMI, 25.1±3.2), HDL-C concentration (1.0±0.2 mmol/L) between PP genotype group and other genotype groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: ER gene polymorphism may affect ER-mediated cardiovascular protective effect by modulating the expression of ER.
文摘The specific bindings of estrogen,progestin and androgen were determined inthe cytosol fraction of myomatous,adenomyotic and postmenopausal uterine tissues andof the normal endometrium and myometrium as well.It was found that theconcentrations of estrogen,progestin and androgen cytosol receptors were significantlyhigher in myomatous tissue than in normal myometrium;there was also an obvious differ-ence of the concentration of the sex steroid receptors between normal endometrium andadenomyotic tissue;and the uterine tissues of postmenopausal women still retained highlevels of these sex steroid receptors.In addition,the regulation of sex steroids in thepathogenesis of myoma and adenomyosis is discussed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39870300)
文摘Objective: To study the inhibition effects of estrogen on the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental cells. Methods: Primary cultured placental cells were treated by ICI182, 780, a complete ER antagonist , and Tamoxifen, an ERa-mixed agonist/antagonist and ERβ antagonist for 24 h. The supernatant was havested for the radioimmunoassay of CRH. Results: 17β-estradiol inhibited the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental (P<0.05). ICI182, 780 stimulated the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental (P<0.05). Conclusion: Estrogen represses the synthesis and secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental, which is possibly mediated by ERa.
文摘To explore the role of estrogen in the development of muscle inflammation,especially in the intramuscular T cell response,and the influence on the intrinsic immuno-behaviors of myofibers,We established a mouse model of muscle injury by injecting i.m.CTX into the tibialis anterior(TA).Injection s.c.of 17βestradiol(E2)or estrogen receptor antagonist 4-OHT or ovariectomy(OVX),was used to change estrogen level of animal models in vivo.Gene levels of cytokines/chemokines were monitored by qPCR.Macrophage and T cell phenotypes were analyzed by FACS.
文摘The prognostic value of estrogen and/or ER on female pa tients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is rarely reported.Current study was undertaken to elucidate the associations of serum estradiol level,tissue estrogen receptor alpha(ERa)and estrogen receptor beta(ERβ)expression with clinical response and reproductive factor changes in 387 female ESCC patients.A genome-wide association study on 3921 ESCC patients using 40 SNPs(P≤1×10^(-7))demonstrated that rsl SNP with AA,GG or GA genotype was significantly difference(X^(2)=12.258,8.399,6.671;P=0.002,0.015,0.036)on overall survival.
文摘LAMP2(lysosome associated membrane glycoprotein 2)is an important autophagy protein but its role in estrogenic regulation on spatial learning and memory remains unclear.In this study,we first infused aromatase(estrogen synthase)-specific RNA interference AAV into the hippocampus of mice,label-free quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that LAMP2 was the most significantly upregulated protein.This upregulation was further proved with RT-PCR,WB,IHC in ovariectomy(OVX)mice.Then,LAMP2-overexpressing(oLAMP2)and RNA interference(shLAMP2)virus vectors were injected into the hippocampus of OVX mice,respectively.
文摘Breast cancer containing estrogen receptors (ER ) are responslve to antiestrogen treatment and have a better prognosis compared with ER-negative tumors. The loss of estrogen receptors appears to be associated with a progression to less clifferentiated cells. We transfected the human ER into the ER-negative breast cancer cell line MDA MD 231 cells. We found that expresslon of adequate ER is strong associated with the ability of human breast cancer cell growth inhibition and progression. Compared with nontransfected or mock-trans fected cells, ER-transfected cells exhibited growth slower, forming smaller colonles in soft agar and growth inhibited by estrogen and tamoxifen. Therefore reactivation or transfection of the estrogen receptor gene can be considered as therapeutic approaches to hormone-independent breast cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41473089, 4143064, 41340035, 11025526 and 41373098)Program for Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT13078)
文摘Estrogens as a kind of steroidal sex hormone are widely used in humans, especially quinestrol(QS),dienestrol(DS) and norethindrone(NET, 19-nor-17-alphaethinltestoster-one), which cannot be completely degraded after application. Steroidal estrogens at low concentration pulling into environment can disturb the normal biological function of wide life and thus lead to great threat to humans. So it is important to explore its degradation mechanism and its behavior in the environment. In this study, we investigated the oxidation or reduction system under gamma irradiation for reducing estrogenic activity in the aqueous solutions as well as degradation kinetics, its by-products and yield of transformation by different analytical methods such as GC–MS and HPLC. Gamma irradiation could effectively degrade estrogens in aqueous solution. The degradation reaction of estrogens could be depicted by first-order reaction kinetics. The total organic carbon of solution decreased with an increasing absorbed dose with the order: quinestrol [ norethindrone [ dienestrol. The toxicity of the three estrogens was declined after irradiation. Mono- and quadric-hydroxylated intermediates as well as organic acids were formed after gamma irradiation.
文摘4-Nonylphenol(NP)is a kind of estrogen belonging to the endocrine disrupter,widely used in various agricultural and industrial goods.However,extensive use of NP with direct release to environment poses high risks to both human health and ecosystems.Herein,for the first time,we developed near-infrared(NIR)responsive upconversion luminescence nanosensor for NP detection.The Förster resonance energy transfer based upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)-graphene oxide sensor offers highly selective and sensitive detection of NP in linear ranges of 5−200 ng/mL and 200−1000 ng/mL under 980 nm and 808 nm excitation,respectively,with LOD at 4.2 ng/mL.The sensors were successfully tested for NP detection in real liquid milk samples with excellent recovery results.The rare-earth fluoride based upconversion luminescence nanosensor with NIR excitation wavelength,holds promise for sensing food,environmental,and biological samples due to their high sensitivity,specific recognition,low LOD,negligible autofluorescence,along with the deep penetration of NIR excitation sources.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004104)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(202300410080)+2 种基金the Key Project of Henan Education Committee(21A310005)the Internal Fund of Hebei University of Economics and Business(2020ZD10)the Postgraduate“Talent Program”of Henan University(SYL20060187 and SYL20060189)。
文摘In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.
