The development of electrical engineering and electronic, communications, smart power grid, and ultra-high voltage transmission technologies have driven the energy system revolution to the next generation: the energy ...The development of electrical engineering and electronic, communications, smart power grid, and ultra-high voltage transmission technologies have driven the energy system revolution to the next generation: the energy internet. Progressive penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the energy system has led to unprecedented challenges to the currently wide use of coal-fired power generation technologies. Here, the applications and prospects of advanced coal-fired power generation technologies are analyzed. These technologies can be summarized into three categories:(1) large-scale and higher parameters coal-fired power generation technologies, including 620/650/700 oC ultra-supercritical thermal power and double reheat ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation technologies;(2) system innovation and specific, highefficiency thermal cycles, which consist of renewable energy-aided coal-fired power generation technologies, a supercritical CO_2 Brayton cycle for coal-fired power plants, large-scale air-cooling coal-fired power plant technologies, and innovative layouts for waste heat utilization and enhanced energy cascade utilization;(3) coal-fired power generation combined with poly-generation technologies, which are represented by integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC) and integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC) technologies. Concerning the existing coal-fired power units, which are responsible for peak shaving, possible strategies for enhancing flexibility and operational stability are discussed. Furthermore, future trends for coal-fired power plants coupled with cyber-physical system(CPS) technologies are introduced. The development of advanced, coal-fired power generation technologies demonstrates the progress of science and is suitable for the sustainable development of human society.展开更多
从实际工程应用出发,建立了单塔双循环湿式烟气脱硫(Single-tower and double-circulation wet flue gas desulfurization,SD-WFGD)系统的控制系统。首先,利用历史运行数据,考虑SD-WFGD系统运行过程吸收塔变频浆液循环泵在不同浆液pH时...从实际工程应用出发,建立了单塔双循环湿式烟气脱硫(Single-tower and double-circulation wet flue gas desulfurization,SD-WFGD)系统的控制系统。首先,利用历史运行数据,考虑SD-WFGD系统运行过程吸收塔变频浆液循环泵在不同浆液pH时单位频率变化对烟气SO_(2)浓度的影响,建立了系统动态模型。然后,基于浆液pH脱硫能力提出了直接硫量平衡控制(Direct sulfur balance control,DSC)策略,将已建立的动态模型作为控制模型,并利用传统PID控制器结合DSC策略,建立了SD-WFGD系统串联控制系统。仿真实验结果表明:与传统的PID控制方案相比,所提优化控制方案减小了供浆流量和出口SO_(2)浓度的波动,能够大幅度提升SD-WFGD系统的控制性能,从而更好地保证脱硫系统在燃煤电站灵活运行的背景下安全、稳定、经济及灵活运行。展开更多
火力发电企业作为我国能源结构的重要组成部分,长期以来是我国碳排放的主要来源,在我国和全球加速推动低碳经济发展的宏观环境下,火电企业积极响应国家“能耗双控”向“碳排放双控”转变的战略部署。在此背景下,精确计量燃煤电厂的碳排...火力发电企业作为我国能源结构的重要组成部分,长期以来是我国碳排放的主要来源,在我国和全球加速推动低碳经济发展的宏观环境下,火电企业积极响应国家“能耗双控”向“碳排放双控”转变的战略部署。在此背景下,精确计量燃煤电厂的碳排放量变得至关重要。在燃煤电厂碳计量中,烟气流量影响燃煤发电中在线监测法的精度,而燃煤消耗量、燃煤元素碳含量以及飞灰碳含量共同决定核算法的可靠性。目前,大多数燃煤发电企业只对流量和燃煤消耗量进行实时监测,在现场恶劣的环境中对燃煤元素碳含量以及飞灰碳含量进行短周期、高频次的直接监测需要花费较大的人力以及物力,流量监测设备也易受烟道环境影响。而软测量技术以其高效和低成本的特点,可为传统碳排放计量过程中关键参数的监测提供一种替代方法。鉴于此,首先阐述了软测量模型的建立过程,包含数据预处理、辅助变量选择、软测量模型建立以及模型校正。数据预处理能够确保数据质量,提高建模效率;辅助变量选择是从大量潜在的变量中筛选出对目标变量的辅助变量,进一步提高建模效率;软测量模型建立主要是基于机理建模和数据驱动建模,是实现目标变量预测的核心;模型校正通过实际的离线或在线数据,对模型进行进一步优化,提高模型的预测精度。其次,针对碳计量相关参数,分析了烟气流量、燃煤消耗量、燃煤元素碳含量和飞灰碳含量监测存在的问题,论述了软测量技术在上述碳计量关键参数的国内外研究进展和应用,评估了机理建模和数据驱动建模技术的有效性、准确性和实用性。其中,机理分析建模主要基于电厂锅炉进出口的能量平衡以及烟风质量守恒等原理,有着确定的数学物理关系式,具有高度可解释性和稳定性,但是建模过程复杂,预测精度较低;数据驱动建模主要是利用各种机器学习方法,基于电厂分布式控制系统(Distributed control system,DCS)丰富的运行数据,对碳计量关键参数进行“黑箱建模”,克服了机理分析建模复杂的过程分析,精度相对较高,但是建模过程不明确,且模型对于不同机组的泛化能力较差。最后,对于软测量技术在碳排放计量领域的发展应用进行了总结与展望。对电厂各参数之间的时序结构、电厂自身计算能力的限制以及机理分析融合数据驱动方法的发展提出相关建议,并对国外二氧化碳预测性排放系统结合软测量技术在国内外燃煤电厂的应用进行展望。展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51821004)supported by National Soft Science Projects:"Frontier tracking research on science and technology in the field of energy" program
文摘The development of electrical engineering and electronic, communications, smart power grid, and ultra-high voltage transmission technologies have driven the energy system revolution to the next generation: the energy internet. Progressive penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the energy system has led to unprecedented challenges to the currently wide use of coal-fired power generation technologies. Here, the applications and prospects of advanced coal-fired power generation technologies are analyzed. These technologies can be summarized into three categories:(1) large-scale and higher parameters coal-fired power generation technologies, including 620/650/700 oC ultra-supercritical thermal power and double reheat ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation technologies;(2) system innovation and specific, highefficiency thermal cycles, which consist of renewable energy-aided coal-fired power generation technologies, a supercritical CO_2 Brayton cycle for coal-fired power plants, large-scale air-cooling coal-fired power plant technologies, and innovative layouts for waste heat utilization and enhanced energy cascade utilization;(3) coal-fired power generation combined with poly-generation technologies, which are represented by integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC) and integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC) technologies. Concerning the existing coal-fired power units, which are responsible for peak shaving, possible strategies for enhancing flexibility and operational stability are discussed. Furthermore, future trends for coal-fired power plants coupled with cyber-physical system(CPS) technologies are introduced. The development of advanced, coal-fired power generation technologies demonstrates the progress of science and is suitable for the sustainable development of human society.
文摘从实际工程应用出发,建立了单塔双循环湿式烟气脱硫(Single-tower and double-circulation wet flue gas desulfurization,SD-WFGD)系统的控制系统。首先,利用历史运行数据,考虑SD-WFGD系统运行过程吸收塔变频浆液循环泵在不同浆液pH时单位频率变化对烟气SO_(2)浓度的影响,建立了系统动态模型。然后,基于浆液pH脱硫能力提出了直接硫量平衡控制(Direct sulfur balance control,DSC)策略,将已建立的动态模型作为控制模型,并利用传统PID控制器结合DSC策略,建立了SD-WFGD系统串联控制系统。仿真实验结果表明:与传统的PID控制方案相比,所提优化控制方案减小了供浆流量和出口SO_(2)浓度的波动,能够大幅度提升SD-WFGD系统的控制性能,从而更好地保证脱硫系统在燃煤电站灵活运行的背景下安全、稳定、经济及灵活运行。
文摘火力发电企业作为我国能源结构的重要组成部分,长期以来是我国碳排放的主要来源,在我国和全球加速推动低碳经济发展的宏观环境下,火电企业积极响应国家“能耗双控”向“碳排放双控”转变的战略部署。在此背景下,精确计量燃煤电厂的碳排放量变得至关重要。在燃煤电厂碳计量中,烟气流量影响燃煤发电中在线监测法的精度,而燃煤消耗量、燃煤元素碳含量以及飞灰碳含量共同决定核算法的可靠性。目前,大多数燃煤发电企业只对流量和燃煤消耗量进行实时监测,在现场恶劣的环境中对燃煤元素碳含量以及飞灰碳含量进行短周期、高频次的直接监测需要花费较大的人力以及物力,流量监测设备也易受烟道环境影响。而软测量技术以其高效和低成本的特点,可为传统碳排放计量过程中关键参数的监测提供一种替代方法。鉴于此,首先阐述了软测量模型的建立过程,包含数据预处理、辅助变量选择、软测量模型建立以及模型校正。数据预处理能够确保数据质量,提高建模效率;辅助变量选择是从大量潜在的变量中筛选出对目标变量的辅助变量,进一步提高建模效率;软测量模型建立主要是基于机理建模和数据驱动建模,是实现目标变量预测的核心;模型校正通过实际的离线或在线数据,对模型进行进一步优化,提高模型的预测精度。其次,针对碳计量相关参数,分析了烟气流量、燃煤消耗量、燃煤元素碳含量和飞灰碳含量监测存在的问题,论述了软测量技术在上述碳计量关键参数的国内外研究进展和应用,评估了机理建模和数据驱动建模技术的有效性、准确性和实用性。其中,机理分析建模主要基于电厂锅炉进出口的能量平衡以及烟风质量守恒等原理,有着确定的数学物理关系式,具有高度可解释性和稳定性,但是建模过程复杂,预测精度较低;数据驱动建模主要是利用各种机器学习方法,基于电厂分布式控制系统(Distributed control system,DCS)丰富的运行数据,对碳计量关键参数进行“黑箱建模”,克服了机理分析建模复杂的过程分析,精度相对较高,但是建模过程不明确,且模型对于不同机组的泛化能力较差。最后,对于软测量技术在碳排放计量领域的发展应用进行了总结与展望。对电厂各参数之间的时序结构、电厂自身计算能力的限制以及机理分析融合数据驱动方法的发展提出相关建议,并对国外二氧化碳预测性排放系统结合软测量技术在国内外燃煤电厂的应用进行展望。
