摘要
汉代西北边塞虽是军屯重镇,但因耕食比例不调,通常存在粮食缺口。入籴和转输,是解决问题的主要策略。从转运簿书的类型来看,粮缺的补充涉及民对官外部输入和官对官内部调配两种途径。外部输入一般在秋冬季节,而且从装载规格、日程标准、过境登记、交纳核验等方面都有要求;内部调配表现出无定时、无定规、雇佣与自输兼有等特点。从转输记录所示的时空特点来看,除了武昭之间、永光年间和新莽时期三个阶段曾因备战、灾异出现异常,其余时候,外部输粮都是在张掖诸县就近补足,反映了均输法在此地区的有效执行。
Although the northwest frontier of the Han dynasty was an important military area and an agricultural area as well,there was usually a lack of grain due to the unreasonable proportion of farmers and consumers.Buying and transferring rice was the main strategy to solve the problem.According to the types of bamboo slips about transportation,grain shortage was addressed by external supplement from farmers to governments or internal deployment from one government to another.The former generally occurred in autumn or winter,which was in supervision in terms of loading specification,schedule standard,passing registration and hand-in check.The latter showed that there was no exact time or capacity requirements,and employment and self-reliance were both adopted.According to the space-time characteristics of transfer record,external grain transfer usually occurred near counties in Zhangye,except in such three periods as Wuzhao,Yongguang and XinMang,when disasters or wars took place.Generally speaking,these phenomena reflected the effectiveness of the grain transfer law.
出处
《农业考古》
2019年第3期55-62,共8页
Agricultural Archaeology
关键词
西北边塞
粮食转输
均输令
汉代粮价
northwest frontier
transfer of grain
law of Junshu(grain transfer)
food prices in Han Dynasty
作者简介
李建雄,男,南开大学历史学院博士研究生,研究方向为秦汉史。
