摘要
伴随着矿业大开发的进程,中日两国在16世纪前后形成了独特的分层货币制度,贵金属与贱金属在不同交易层次充当货币职能。然而,两者的演进轨迹出现了较大歧异——日本较快实现了分层货币制度向单一贵金属本位的转变,而中国的分层货币制度则呈现粘滞与维持的状态。这与两国的资源禀赋与历史制度有着重要关联,日本的货币分层具有内生性特征,通过对矿权的控制与白银铸币化实现了贵金属与贱金属的主辅币联系,并通过历次货币改铸降低了货币成色;中国的货币分层具有外生性特征,无法通过制度变革来实现向单一本位的转化,因而多是使用信用创造的方法来扩大货币供给,以克服金属货币制度下的天然紧缩性缺陷。'内外有别'是两国货币制度走向歧异的基础条件,也为制度变迁的方向提供了内在动力。
With the development of the mining industry,China and Japan formed a unique layered monetary system around the 16 th century.Precious metals and base metals acted as monetary functions at different levels.However,there was a major difference in their evolutionary trajectories.Japan had quickly completed the transition from a layered monetary system to a single precious metal standard,while China’s layered monetary system remained unchanged for a considerable amount of time.Such different outcomes were significantly related to the resource endowment and historical institutional of the two countries.Japan’s currency stratification was endogenous.Japan had established the connection between the main and auxiliary currency of precious metals and base metals by the'silver mining war'and silver coinage,and reduced the monetary quality by re-casting currencies.China’s currency stratification was exogenous.China could not achieve the transformation to a single standard through institutional reform.Therefore,China more frequently adopted the instrument of credit creation to expand the money supply in order to overcome the natural austerity under the metal currency system.'The internal and external difference'between China and Japan was the basic condition for the divergence of the monetary system between them,and it also provided an intrinsic motivation for the direction of their institutional changes.
出处
《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期108-119,共12页
Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目（18CJL002）
国家社会科学基金重大项目（16ZDA133）
关键词
分层货币制度
矿权
铸币
金属货币
中日比较
Multilayered Currency System
Mineral Rights
Mintage
Metal Currency
Comparative Research between China and Japan
作者简介
许晨,中央民族大学经济学院(北京100081)讲师,主要从事近代经济史研究。
