摘要
1925年3月12日,孙中山在北京病逝。他生前力排众议、矢志不渝努力推进改组国民党和“联俄联共”的政治联盟,病后希望效仿列宁遗体保存方式等,都呈现出孙中山多彩光环中突出的“亲苏俄”色谱。北京的国民党上层对孙中山临终亲笔签名并多人签字证明的三份遗嘱,采取了截然不同的处理态度。国民党公布并广泛宣传《国事遗嘱》《家事遗嘱》的原文内容和手迹照片,并将其列入全国孙中山纪念仪式的核心内容和对全社会思想行为的统一规训;而对孙中山临终嘱托并亲笔签字的《苏俄遗嘱》,则封锁消息秘而不宣,甚至拒绝承认其正统合法性。孔祥熙等亲属还力排国民党内外的极大争议,变通操办并渲染孙中山生前并无意向的基督教葬礼,声称其革命动力和革命信念都来自基督教,而与苏俄布尔什维克主义没有关联,公开利用有神论和无神论之间不可调和的尖锐对立鸿沟,将孙中山重新异化定位为“爱国爱党”+“远离苏俄”,尽力消解和疏离孙中山生前的“亲苏俄”形象,这些明谕暗含的操作,预示了国民党的政治走向。
On March 12,1925,Sun Yat-sen passed away due to illness in Beijing.During his lifetime,he tried his best to push forward the reorganization of the Kuomintang and the political alliance with Soviet Russia and the Communist Party.After his illness,he hoped to follow the preservation method of Lenins body.All these actions revealed the distinctive“pro-Soviet”spectrum in the colorful aura of the great man.The leadership of the Kuomintang in Beijing took very different attitudes towards the three wills signed by Sun Yat-sen himself at the time of his death which were attested by multiple witnesses.Kuomintang announced and widely publicized the original text and photographs of the State Will and the Family Will,and included them in Sun Yat-sens national memorial ceremony and the national code of conduct,but the Soviet Will was kept secretly and the authorities refused to acknowledge its legitimacy.They also overcame the intense disputes within and outside the Kuomintang to arrange and publicize the Christian funeral of Sun Yat-sen that he had not intended to have,claiming that his revolutionary drive and beliefs came from Christianity and had nothing to do with Bolshevism in Soviet Russia.They openly exploited the irreconcilable sharp contradiction between theism and atheism,repositioning Sun Yat-sen as“patriotic and loyal to the party”and“stay away from the Soviet Russia”to eliminate Sun Yat-sens previous image of“favorable towards the Soviet”.These explicit and implicit operations foreshadowed the future political direction of the Kuomintang.
作者
赵晓阳
ZHAO Xiao-yang(Institute of Modern History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,100101,China)
出处
《史学集刊》
北大核心
2026年第2期84-94,共11页
Collected Papers of History Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“新中国宗教政策与宗教中国化(23AZJ001)”的阶段性成果。
作者简介
赵晓阳,中国社会科学院近代史研究所研究员,研究方向为近代社会史、中国基督教史、中西交流史。
