摘要
乡村振兴背景下,农民工流动呈现出新的变化趋势,越来越多的农民工选择返乡。从社会资本视角出发,在理论分析的基础上,利用2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据(CLDS),实证检验宗族力量对农民工返乡的影响,并探讨宗族力量如何影响农民工返乡的作用机制。研究表明,宗族力量能够对农民工返乡产生积极促进作用,原籍地区宗族力量强度越高,农民工返乡的可能性越大;家乡认同和特殊信任是宗族力量影响农民工返乡的两个重要途径;宗族力量的影响主要体现在宗族力量对男性个体、垄断型宗族网络结构以及山区地区农民工返乡的促进作用。据此提出构建正式制度与非正式制度协同机制、加强宗族组织的引导和规范、提升农民工家乡认同与特殊信任等政策建议。
A certain amount of human capital is the foundation and prerequisite for promoting rural revitalization.However,with the rapid advancement of China’s urbanization process,a large number of rural populations have migrated to urban areas,resulting in an increasingly severe problem of rural population deficit and talent exodus.In fact,urbanization requires a continued transfer of the rural labor force to cities,whereas rural revitalization emphasizes the return of talent to rural areas for development.The two strategies therefore present a certain“contradiction”in terms of the spatial allocation of labor force elements.From the perspective of rural revitalization,the loss of the rural labor force,particularly the outflow of young and middle-aged workers,not only weakens the population base for rural economic development but even triggers a series of economic and social problems,such as“hollow villages,”“aging agriculture,”and“landless farmers.”This directly hinders the realization of the rural revitalization strategy.Therefore,to achieve the goal of rural revitalization while continuously advancing urbanization,it is first necessary to reverse the trend of labor flowing one-way labor flow from rural to urban areas and establish smooth two-way channels for labor migration between urban and rural areas.The return of migrant workers to their hometowns is an important manifestation of this two-way flow of labor force and is of great significance for achieving the strategic goal of rural revitalization.From the perspective of social capital,this article focuses on the impact of clan power on migrant workers returning to their hometowns.Based on the 2018 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)data and theoretical analysis,the influence of clan power on the return of migrant workers was empirically examined,as was the mechanism through which clan power affects this return.The research results show that clan power significantly promotes migrant workers returning to their hometowns.The greater the clan’s influence in the place of origin,the more likely it is that migrant workers will return home.Hometown identity and special trust are two important pathways through which clan power influences migrant workers to return to their hometowns.On the one hand,clan power can strengthen migrant workers’cultural identity towards the traditional customs and social etiquette of their hometowns,as well as their sense of group identity when participating in the public affairs of their hometowns.This strengthens,thereby strengthening their sense of hometown identity and encouraging their return.On the other hand,clan power can enhance familiarity and trust between migrant workers and their neighbors,other villagers,and local residents,thus enhancing special trust towards villagers and promoting their return.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that clan power mainly influences the return of male migrant workers and those in monopolistic clan network structures,as well as those in mountainous villages.First,male migrant workers are more likely than female migrant workers to be influenced by clan cultures such as“raising sons for old-age support”and“preferring sons over daughters,”and thus choose to return to their hometowns.Second,clan power under monopolistic clan network structures has a stronger promotional effect on the return of migrant workers than in villages with non-monopolistic clan network structures.Third,migrant workers in mountainous regions are more likely to be influenced by clan cultures such as“returning to ancestral roots”and“falling leaves return to their roots”than those in non-mountainous areas,and thus choose to return home.Compared with previous studies,the marginal contributions of this paper are reflected in the following aspects:(1)It is the first to explore and confirm that the power of the clan can have a positive effect on encouraging migrant workers returning to their hometowns.This not only enriches the existing research on the economic and social effects of clan power,but also expands the scope of research on migrant worker returns.(2)Based on theoretical analysis,this study empirically examines the influence of clan power on migrant workers’decisions to return to their hometowns,and investigates the mechanisms at play enhancing the comprehensiveness and credibility of the research.(3)It reminds policymakers that in the process of optimizing the spatial allocation of the urban and rural labor force,they should fully recognize the important impact of clan power on migrant workers’decisions to return to their hometowns,thereby leveraging the complementary role of the informal institution of the clan alongside informal institutions such as policies and regulations.The research in this paper verifies the important role of the clan as an informal institution in promoting migrant workers’return to their hometowns,providing a useful reference for establishing a two-way flow mechanism for urban and rural labor force and advancing rural revitalization.
作者
马草原
倪修凤
李清彬
MA Caoyuan;NI Xiufeng;LI Qingbin(School of Economics and Finance,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Institute of Economics,National Development and Reform Commission,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《当代经济科学》
北大核心
2026年第1期61-74,共14页
Modern Economic Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(22AZD119)。
关键词
劳动力流动
宗族力量
农民工返乡
家乡认同
特殊信任
社会资本
乡村振兴
labor mobility
clan power
return of rural migrant workers
hometown identity
special trust
social capital
rural revitalization
作者简介
马草原,男,西安交通大学经济与金融学院教授,博士生导师,研究方向为劳动经济学、发展经济学;通信作者:倪修凤,女,西安交通大学经济与金融学院博士研究生,研究方向为劳动经济学、发展经济学,电子邮箱为4121119045@stu.xjtu.edu.cn;李清彬,男,国家发展和改革委员会经济研究所研究员,研究方向为发展经济学与收入分配。
