摘要
利用2013、2016、2019、2023年对橡胶种植户调查的数据,分析农户胶园结构以及割胶生产、胶园管理等方面的行为变化,结果发现:胶园树龄结构逐渐进入老龄化,自主选育品种的面积占比逐步提高,海南民营胶园10年间每公顷有效株数减少48株;橡胶园流转频率低、面积小,2022年正常割胶的农户比重较2018年有所提高,2 d 1刀仍是海南民营胶园和西双版纳胶园的最重要割制,但西双版纳地区2022年采用3 d 1刀的农户比重较2018年增加25个百分点;2018年和2022年有施肥的农户比重较2012年明显下降,其中西双版纳2018年和2022年有施肥农户占比不足2012年的一半,但胶农都重视胶园杂草管理。
Based on the data from rubber plantation household surveys in 2013,2016,2019 and 2023,this study employs descriptive analysis to examine changes in rubber plantation structure,and farmers'behavior regarding tapping,plantation management,and so on.The study found that the age structure of rubber plantation is gradually aging,with the promotion of self-selected varieties increasing steadily.Over a decade period,the stand density in Hainan’s smallholding rubber plantations declined by 48 trees per hm^(2).Rubber plantation transfer remained infrequent and small-scale,and it is a higher promotion of smallholders maintained active tapping operations in 2022 compared to 2018.Meanwhile,the two days tapping system(d2)remains dominant in Hainan smallholding and Xishuangbanna plantations,but the proportion of Xishuangbanna farmers adopting the d3 system was 25 percentage higher in 2022 than in 2018.The proportion of farmers applying fertilizer in 2022 and 2018 declined significantly compared to 2012 levels,with fertilizer usage rates of both 2018 and 2022 in Xishuangbanna falling to less than half of the 2012’s figure,but most of rubber farmers prioritize weed management in their plantations.
作者
刘锐金
林子情
伍薇
杨琳
何长辉
LIU Ruijin;LIN Ziqing;WU Wei;YANG Lin;HE Changhui(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Hainan 571101,China)
出处
《热带农业科技》
2026年第1期59-69,共11页
Tropical Agricultural Science & Technology
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022025015)
中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队(CATASCXTD202505)。
关键词
橡胶园
树龄结构
品种
割制
管理
rubber plantations
tree age structure
variety
tapping system
management
作者简介
刘锐金(1984-),男,研究员,博士,研究方向为热带农业经济学。E-mail:13648673677@126.com。
