摘要
面对人工智能立法的时代需求,推进我国人工智能立法已成共识,但立法模式的选择仍面临着“统分之争”与“急缓之辩”的激烈论争。担忧统一立法可能导致规制僵化、法律滞后、创新抑制、规则场景错配的疑虑,是对统一立法任务定位与制度品格的误解。而统一立法所具备的体系协调、价值平衡、规则奠基与实践引导等多重制度功能亦被忽视。制定一部统一且通用的人工智能法,发挥其在人工智能法律体系中的基础性、框架性和统领性地位,避免碎片化的分散立法造成规则冲突,对实现人工智能的良法善治具有重要意义。我国应继续稳步推动人工智能统一立法进程,坚持基础性立法定位,平衡发展导向与底线思维,确保制度规则的敏捷与弹性,发挥立法过程的治理效果,探索人工智能法治的中国方案。
In response to the era's pressing need for AI legislation and informed by international practices,a consensus is emerging in China to advance AI legislation.However,the optimal legislative model remains fiercely contested,particularly regarding the tension between"unification and fragmentation"and"urgency and prudence."Concerns that unified legislation may lead to rigid regulation,regulatory delays,stifled innovation,and mismatched frameworks often stem from misunderstandings about its objectives and institutional nature.The diverse roles of unified legislation—such as fostering systemic coordination,balancing competing values,establishing foundational norms,and providing practical guidance—have been largely overlooked.Enacting a unified,overarching AI law as the cornerstone of the AI legal framework is crucial to prevent conflicts arising from fragmented approaches and to ensure robust,effective governance of AI.China should thus steadily pursue unified AI legislation,maintaining its foundational role while striking a balance between developmental imperatives and risk mitigation,ensuring regulatory adaptability and flexibility,and leveraging the legislative process itself as a tool for governance.This approach will help cultivate a uniquely Chinese model for the rule of law in AI.
出处
《比较法研究》
北大核心
2025年第5期108-124,共17页
Journal of Comparative Law
基金
武汉大学社会科学数智创新研究团队项目“数智治理现代化研究”(项目编号:WDSZTD2024A01)
武汉大学数智文科牵引专项“金融数据治理的法律问题研究”(项目编号:2024SZWK001)的研究成果。
关键词
人工智能
立法模式
统一立法
立法过程
artificial intelligence
legislative model
unified legislation
legislative process
作者简介
袁康,武汉大学法学院教授,法学博士。
