摘要
【目的】在当今社会风险日益复杂的背景下,老旧社区因物质环境老旧、基础设施薄弱与弱势群体聚集,成为城市风险不平等的集中区域与韧性治理的关键短板。既有研究多聚焦外部冲击及技术、空间层面的韧性提升,对社区内不同主体的风险分异关注不足,导致社区韧性治理实践陷入“效率提升而公平缺失”的困境。【方法】综合运用比较分析法、归纳演绎法以及文献分析法,以风险不平等为理论透镜,系统解构老旧社区韧性治理的现实梗阻,提炼出风险分异的关键维度与治理失灵的制度诱因。【结果】当前老旧社区韧性治理存在风险暴露累积、风险认知匮乏、风险管理碎化与数智工具悬浮的多维现实梗阻。基于全生命周期治理理念,构建了“主体需求识别—应灾空间研判—灾中过程模拟—多元协同共治”的老旧社区韧性治理的基本思路。针对老旧社区社会脆弱性的多维表征,从空间韧性、社会韧性、制度韧性与技术韧性等方面提出老旧社区韧性规划、建设、治理的策略体系。【结论】老旧社区韧性治理应嵌入空间正义理念,强调通过精准识别脆弱性需求、优化应灾空间配置、动态模拟响应流程以及构建多元协同网络,打破传统“一刀切”治理惯性,推动韧性社区理论从“系统存续”向“社会公平”的范式转向。
[Objective]Amid rapid urbanization and the increasing frequency of extreme climate events,urban systems are facing escalating systemic risks.As the fundamental unit of urban governance,community resilience—the capacity to withstand,adapt to,and recover from risks—has become a key concern in public administration.However,disparities in resource allocation,spatial power structures,and uneven risk exposure have made old and dilapidated communities—characterized by aging facilities,complex demographic structures,and weak infrastructure—concentrated zones of urban risk inequality.In China,there are over 200,000 such communities,home to more than 100 million residents,which are highly vulnerable to natural disasters,public safety incidents,and public health emergencies.These vulnerabilities generate a negative feedback loop of“vulnerable group concentration–declining resilience–cyclical risk accumulation”.Therefore,optimizing spatial resource allocation and addressing both external shocks and internal risks are essential to exploring resilience governance pathways that enhance the ability[Conclusion]The resilience governance of old and dilapidated communities should incorporate the concept of spatial justice,emphasizing the precise identification of vulnerability demands,optimization of disaster-response spatial configurations,dynamic simulation of operational workflows,and establishment of multi-stakeholder collaborative networks.This approach aims to dismantle the traditional“one-size-fits-all”governance mindset,advancing resilient community theory from a“system preservation”paradigm to one centered on“social equity”.Looking forward,resilience governance frameworks need refinement to address distinct challenges in traditional courtyard communities,state-owned unit housing,and modern residential complexes.This involves defining risk typologies,deciphering causal mechanisms,evaluating resilience components,and formulating tailored mitigation strategies.Besides,quantitative methodologies should be advanced to monitor risk fluctuations,measure vulnerability thresholds,conduct stress tests,and analyze spatiotemporal risk distribution patterns among vulnerable groups.Integration of cutting-edge tools—such as geographic information system(GIS),big data analytics,system dynamics,and social network analysis—can enable behavior-based simulations to innovate early warning systems and resilience governance models.This dual-track advancement of theory and technology will catalyze inclusive,adaptive,and sustainable transformations in old and dilapidated urban communities.
作者
荣玥芳
宋健
林浩曦
贾梦圆
RONG Yuefang;SONG Jian;LIN Haoxi;JIA Mengyuan(the School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture;Architectural Design and Research Institute of BUCEA Co.,Ltd.;Urban Planning Institute,Architectural Design and Research Institute of BUCEA Co.,Ltd.;the Department of Urban and Rural Planning,School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
出处
《风景园林》
2025年第10期51-60,共10页
Landscape Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金“社会-生态系统视角下大城市边缘区多维时空脆弱性演化机理与韧性规划响应——以北京为例”(编号52478037)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金“尺度重构视角下粤港澳大湾区跨界水污染的多重边界效应与协同治理”(编号42201219)
教育部人文社会科学研究一般基金“风险不平等视角下老旧社区脆弱性群体识别、应灾空间仿真模拟与韧性规划研究”(编号24YJAZH115)
教育部人文社会科学研究一般基金“粤港澳大湾区跨界水污染的边界效应与协同治理研究”(编号22YJC790070)
国家重点研发计划“基于安全感的空间识别性优化技术研究”(编号2023YFC3807404-01)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金区域联合基金青年基金“粤港澳大湾区产业转型的生态环境协同效应与优化调控研究”(编号2020A1515110768)。
关键词
风险不平等
老旧社区
韧性规划
分析框架
策略体系
risk inequality
old and dilapidated community
resilience planning
analytical framework
strategy
作者简介
荣玥芳,女,博士,北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院教授、博士生导师,北京北建大建筑设计研究院有限公司总规划师、规划院院长,研究方向为城乡规划与设计、健康城市、韧性城市、历史城市保护与传承、乡村振兴;宋健,男,北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院在读博士研究生,研究方向为城乡韧性与有机更新;通信作者:林浩曦,男,博士,北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院城乡规划系副主任、硕士生导师,广东省科学院广州地理研究所客座研究员,研究方向为区域空间治理,邮箱:linhaoxi@bucea.edu.cn;贾梦圆,女,博士,北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院院长助理、硕士生导师,研究方向为生态城市规划理论与方法。
