摘要
为探明晚播条件下冬小麦产量形成调控机制并构建稳产技术体系,通过整合多年多点田间试验数据,分析播期延迟对产量及其构成因素的影响,深入探究水肥调控对播期延迟冬小麦的产量补偿效应,并对地膜覆盖等关键技术的应用效果进行科学验证。结果表明:在山东省适度延迟小麦播期可通过穗粒数的补偿效应平衡单位面积穗数下降,实现产量维持或提升。当正常播期早于10月8日,10 d内适度晚播可提升产量与穗数,但超期晚播则呈现负效应;而正常播期与晚播时间均晚于10月18日,产量及各产量构成因素也均随着播期延迟呈下降趋势。通过增密补灌、分次追灌、减量配施等水肥调控措施,结合地膜覆盖技术的协同应用,能够显著缓解晚播导致的穗数锐减与粒质量衰减矛盾,实现产量构成要素的优化重组。综上,冬小麦晚播条件下的产量形成存在显著的播期敏感阈值与补偿效应窗口,通过精准把控适宜播期范围并配套实施“水肥调控+地膜覆盖”的协同技术体系,可构建晚播条件下的产量稳定机制,为山东省应对气候变化与茬口衔接矛盾提供重要技术支撑。
In order to explore the regulatory mechanism of yield formation under the condition of late sowing of winter wheat and construct a stable yield technical system,this study systematically analyzed the influence of sowing delay on yield and yield components by integrating multi-point field test data for many years,deeply explored the yield compensation effect of water and fertilizer regulation measures on sowing delay on sowing delay,and scientifically verified the application effect of key technologies such as plastic film mulching.The results showed that the moderate delay of wheat sowing date in Shandong Province could balance the decline of panicle number per unit area through the compensatory effect of grain number per spike,and achieved yield maintenance or increase.When the normal sowing date was earlier than October 8,moderate late sowing within 10 days could increase the yield and spike number,but late sowing within 10 days showed a negative effect.However,when the normal and late sowing times were later than October 18,the output and the components of each yield showed a downward trend with the delay of sowing date.Through the water and fertilizer control measures such as dense supplementary irrigation,fractional topdressing,and reduced combined application,combined with the collaborative application of plastic film mulching technology,the contradiction between the sharp decrease of panicle number and the decay of grain weight caused by late sowing can be significantly alleviated,and the optimization and reorganization of yield components can be realized.In conclusion,there was a significant window of sensitive threshold and compensatory effect for the yield formation of winter wheat under late sowing conditions,and the yield stabilization mechanism under late sowing conditions can be constructed by accurately controlling the range of suitable sowing date and supporting the implementation of the collaborative technical system of“water and fertilizer regulation and plastic film mulching”.This study provides important technical support for Shandong Province to cope with climate change and the contradiction between stubble connection.
作者
朱喜宁
李敏敏
王肖淑
何晓茵
何小春
胡蝶
ZHU Xining;LI Minmin;WANG Xiaoshu;HE Xiaoyin;HE Xiaochun;HU Die(Yanggu County Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Yanggu,Shandong 252300,China;Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liaocheng,Shandong 253000,China)
出处
《天津农业科学》
2025年第9期15-20,共6页
Tianjin Agricultural Sciences
基金
阳谷县2024年粮油绿色高产高效行动项目(SDHY-2024-115)。
关键词
冬小麦
晚播
产量
地膜覆盖
补偿效应
winter wheat
late sowing
yield
plastic film mulching
compensation effect
作者简介
朱喜宁(1986-),男,山东阳谷人,高级农艺师,主要从事农业技术推广研究;通信作者:李敏敏(1991-),女,山东聊城人,高级农艺师,博士,主要从事作物遗传育种与栽培研究。
