摘要
通过识别礼制性在文化空间中的结构特征和组织逻辑,揭示出传统村落在不同文化背景下呈现的空间秩序和礼制机制。采取“科学量化”与“人文阐释”相结合的方法,着眼村落整体格局和村落内部空间两方面构建村落空间礼制性测度模型,根据礼制性测度指标体系进行村落整体格局和村落内部空间等级分析,并利用TOPSIS综合评价,对传统村落空间礼制性量化测度。结果显示,村落空间礼制性综合表征规律有:(1)村落整体格局礼制性:整体格局是礼制空间形成的基础,整体格局等级越强,组织能力和礼制程度越高。(2)村落内部空间礼制性:建筑特性是内部空间礼制性的直接反映,建筑特征表现越明显,礼制性程度越高。(3)礼制空间“特征-机制-路径”规律:礼制空间呈现出等级性、中心性与功能分区的秩序特征,在家庭联结状态与村落形态、社会结构与建筑布局、历史底蕴与文化特性、经济活动与社会支持共同作用下形成,应构建以核心礼制空间保护、非物质文化激活和空间秩序延续为核心内容的更新保护路径。旨在从礼制视角出发,探讨传统村落文化空间秩序的内在逻辑与礼制性空间的形成机制,揭示礼制文化主导下物质空间形态和社会结构之间的互动关系。
Traditional villages are carriers of Chinese civilization.Their spatial forms and cultural order reflect the human-land relationship and residential wisdom while deeply embodying the institutional shaping of rural society by ritualistic culture.We can reveal the spatial order and ritualistic mechanisms of traditional villages in different cultural contexts by identifying the structural characteristics and organizational logic of ritualistic culture in cultural space.Therefore,10 typical traditional villages in Western Henan Province were chosen as the research objects.A ritualistic measurement model of a village was constructed from the overall layout of the village and its internal spatial structure by combining"scientific quantification"and"humanistic interpretation".Based on the correspondence between ritual culture and village space,a multi-dimensional ritualistic measurement indicator system was established,encompassing point-degree centrality,proximity centrality,building function,age,form,materials,and other dimensions.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was combined with expert scoring to determine building grades for hierarchical analysis of the overall layout and internal spatial structure of villages.This laid the foundation for a comprehensive ranking and evaluation of the ritualistic characteristics of the sample villages by using the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method.The results indicate that the comprehensive characterization laws of ritualistic spatiality in villages are:(1)Ritualistic spatiality of the overall village layout.Degree centrality refers to the centrality of a village;proximity centrality refers to its agglomeration.Together,these reveal the hierarchical structure of a village's layout.The higher the hierarchical level,the stronger the ritualistic spatiality,reflecting the profound influence of ritualistic culture on a village's spatial organization and construction capabilities.(2)Ritualistic nature of the internal spatial layout of the village.The functional buildings,such as courtyards,ancestral halls,village schools,and village temples,constitute the core spatial carriers of the village's ritualistic culture.Three indicators:building classification,building form,and building material,jointly influence the expression of ritualistic nature.The architectures with more obvious characteristics rank higher and have a stronger ritualistic degree.(3)The"feature-mechanism-pathway"pattern of ritualistic space.Ritualistic space generally exhibits orderly characteristics of hierarchy,centrality,and functional zoning.It is easy to form a ritualistic spatial order with clear hierarchy,prominent centrality,and distinct functional zoning under the collaborative influence of multiple factors such as family connections and village form,social structure and architectural layout,historical heritage and cultural characteristics,and economic activities and social support.Accordingly,traditional villages should establish an"update and protection pathway"centered on protecting core ritualistic spaces,activating intangible cultural heritage,and continuing spatial order to revitalize and sustain traditional spaces.In exploring the internal logic of the cultural spatial order of traditional villages and the formation mechanism of ritualistic spaces from a ritualistic perspective,this study has revealed the interaction between material spatial forms and social structures under the dominance of ritualistic culture.The construction of a ritualistic measurement model not only provides a scientific basis for identifying the spatial hierarchy and ritualistic cultural characteristics of villages but also injects a sociological perspective to evaluate the cultural values of traditional villages.These are conducive to establishing a quantitative association mechanism between spatial structure and ritualistic culture and to promoting the practical applications of ritualistic culture in spatial measurement,renewal,and protection pathways of traditional villages.
作者
葛毅鹏
杜扬
马松杰
甘启政
马悦姗
李楠
GE Yipeng;DU Yang;MA Songjie;GAN Qizheng;MA Yuesan;LI Nan
出处
《南方建筑》
2025年第9期22-35,共14页
South Architecture
基金
国家社会科学基金资助项目(21BGL258):分形思维的传统村落保护更新机制、方法及整治对策研究
河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2023BSH005):“情境←关系→空间”视角的豫西民居形态演变与当代社区营建策略研究”
河南省高等学校重点科研项目软科学项目(24A560008):洛阳市传统村落民居普查、价值评价和数字复原研究——基于匠师口述的洛阳传统民居营造技艺图谱和习俗研究(2024-ZZJH-410)
2023年河南省哲学社会科学规划课题(兴文化工程文化研究专项)(2023XWH039):“河南特色文化·古都文化研究”阶段性成果。
关键词
礼制视角
传统村落
文化空间秩序
豫西地区
ritual perspective
traditional villages
cultural spatial order
western Henan region
作者简介
葛毅鹏,高级工程师;通讯作者:杜扬,硕士研究生,电子邮箱:1679265323@qq.com;马松杰,洛阳市土地储备整理中心,高级工程师;甘启政,硕士研究生;马悦姗,讲师;李楠,讲师。
