摘要
为解决传统检测方法抗电磁干扰弱、复杂工况适应性差的问题,针对高铁轨枕HRB400钢筋微裂纹高精度检测的需求,开发了一种基于金纳米复合材料(Au-PDMS)光声传感的超声检测方法。首先,探究光声转换理论模型,制备4.01 wt%,5.23 wt%,6.01 wt%,7.69 wt%浓度梯度Au-PDMS薄膜样品;然后,采用532 nm脉冲激光激发超声信号,结合巴特沃斯带通滤波与db4小波分解复合算法处理数据;最终通过COMSOL Multiphysics搭建HRB400钢筋有限元模型,分析超声信号多维度特征与裂纹深度定量关系。本研究分析采用5.23 wt%浓度样品的超声主频达4.58 MHz、信噪比19.56 dB;实测裂纹深度检测精度640μm。定量研究表明:裂纹深度为1 mm时首波幅值提升;深度3 mm时波形分裂为双峰结构,峰间隔达1.50μs;通过建立裂纹深度与峰值幅度、能量、主频率及到达时间的多参数协同响应模型,实现HRB400钢筋微裂纹量化检测。该系统兼具微米级分辨率、强抗电磁干扰性和复杂工况适应性,为高铁基础设施结构健康监测提供可靠的技术支撑。
To overcome the limited electromagnetic-interference resilience and poor adaptability of conventional approaches,an ultrasonic detection method based on AuNPs-reinforced nanocomposite photoacoustic sensing was developed for high-precision microcrack detection in HRB400 steel reinforcement bars used in high-speed rail sleepers.Au-PDMS films with Au nanoparticle concentrations of 4.01 wt%,5.23 wt%,6.01 wt%,and 7.69 wt%were fabricated,and their photoacoustic conversion characteristics were characterized.Ultrasonic signals were generated by a 532 nm pulsed laser and processed using a hybrid algorithm combining Butterworth bandpass filtering and db4 wavelet decomposition.A finite-element model of HRB400 reinforcement was constructed in COMSOL Multiphysics to quantify the relationship between multidimensional ultrasonic features and crack depth.Experimental results indicate that the 5.23 wt%AuPDMS sample exhibited a dominant frequency of 4.58 MHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of 19.56 dB,achieving a measured crack-depth detection resolution of 640μm.Quantitative analysis showed an increase in first-wave amplitude for 1 mm deep cracks,whereas 3 mm deep cracks produced waveform splitting into a dual-peak structure with a peak interval of 1.50μs.A multiparameter synergistic response model integrating peak amplitude,energy,dominant frequency,and time-of-arrival enabled quantitative microcrack assessment.The proposed system provides micron-level resolution,strong immunity to electromagnetic interference,and adaptability to complex environments,offering reliable technical support for structural health monitoring of high-speed rail infrastructure.
作者
孙雨梦
孙子惠
杜聪
陈志刚
孙殷楠
SUN Yumeng;SUN Zihui;DU Cong;CHEN Zhigang;SUN Yinnan(School of Mechanical-electronic and Vehicle Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijin 102616,China)
出处
《光学精密工程》
2025年第15期2365-2377,共13页
Optics and Precision Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.62205012)。
关键词
光声传感
超声检测
HRB400钢筋
多物理场仿真
微裂纹生长
photoacoustic sensing
ultrasonic detection
HRB400 steel reinforcement bar
multiphysics field simulation
microcrack growth
作者简介
孙雨梦(2001-),男,硕士研究生,2024年于天津商业大学获得工学学士学位,主要从事光纤传感器无损检测方面的研究。E-mail:2108020024030@stu.bucea.edu.cn;通讯作者:杜聪(1988-),男,博士,副教授,2020年于美国马萨诸塞大学电气与计算机工程系获得博士学位,主要从事超声和信号处理、光纤传感器、故障诊断和无损检测方面的研究。E-mail:ducong@bucea.edu.cn。
