摘要
针对星座卫星解体后产生的碎片扩散到整个星座,影响其他卫星正常运行进而导致星座发生性能降级的现象,提出一种星座规模失效后对地覆盖性能降级规律的研究方法。基于节点叠加的多重线覆盖区间快速计算方法,以星座对地球纬度带的覆盖率为指标,结合卫星解体碎片在星座中扩散的规律,设置了星座自然随机失效和按一定轨道面顺序失效的两种失效情况,进一步分析了经典低轨巨型星座构型在两种失效情况下,星座覆盖性能随卫星大规模失效而降级的规律。结果表明,轨道顺序失效情况相比自然随机失效情况,覆盖率受卫星失效率影响更大,星座对地覆盖效能降低更快。在卫星碰撞影响的扩散下,星座卫星按照轨道面顺序失效,当卫星失效率达到40%左右以及75%左右时,星座对纬度带的覆盖率分别达到最显著突变和最速下降的节点。研究结论有助于认识低轨巨型星座的失效规律,进而为应急处置方案的制定提供指导依据。
A method is developed to analyze the degradation patterns of ground coverage performance in low Earth orbit(LEO)mega-constellations following large-scale failures induced by satellite breakup events.The systemic performance degradation caused by debris propagation across constellation networks is addressed,where debris dispersion disrupts normal satellite operations.The proposed framework utilizes a node superposition-based algorithm for rapid calculation of multiple line coverage intervals,with the constellation′s latitudinal zone coverage rate serving as the primary evaluation metric.By integrating debris dispersion dynamics post-satellite disintegration,two distinct failure scenarios are modeled:natural random failures and sequential failures along orbital planes.The degradation behavior of classical LEO mega-constellation architectures is systematically evaluated under both scenarios.Results demonstrate that sequential orbital plane failures induce more pronounced coverage degradation compared to random failures,with accelerated performance decline observed as failure rates increase.Critical thresholds are identified where coverage efficiency undergoes abrupt changes:at approximately 40%failure rate,a significant inflection point is observed,followed by the steepest decline when failure rates reach 75%.These findings provide novel insights into failure propagation mechanisms within LEO mega constellations,offering quantitative guidance for developing robust emergency response protocols.
作者
金紫涵
孙杨雨茜
温昶煊
乔栋
JIN Zihan;SUN Yangyuxi;WEN Changxuan;QIAO Dong(College of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《宇航学报》
2025年第8期1519-1527,共9页
Journal of Astronautics
关键词
低轨
巨型卫星星座
卫星失效
覆盖性能
星座安全
LEO
Mega satellite constellations
Invalid satellites
Coverage performance
Satellite safety
作者简介
金紫涵(2000-),女,硕士生,主要从事卫星解体的碎片云演化模拟和低轨巨星座轨道安全等方面的研究。通信地址:北京理工大学宇航大楼605(100081)电话:15945698464,E-mail:jinzihan07@163.com;孙杨雨茜(1998-),女,博士生,主要从事星座设计、分析与优化等方面的研究。电话:18810980563,E-mail:sunyangyx@bit.edu.cn;通信作者:温昶煊(1986-),男,博士,博士生导师,主要从事航天器轨道可达范围理论及其应用等方面的研究。电话:13426296995,E-mail:wenchangxuan@gmail.com;乔栋(1979-),男,博士,教授,主要从事航天器动力学与控制等方面的研究。通信地址:北京838信箱(100048)电话:(010)68913488,E-mail:qiaodong@bit.edu.cn。
